[Award 30] Ask for the first chapter of geography in the sixth grade of Shanghai Education.

As a part of regional geography, world geography is an important part of college entrance examination. The knowledge involved in this unit is vast and complicated. When reviewing, it is important to make full use of maps and tables, master the most basic geographical knowledge, make accurate regional positioning, and connect with the geographical knowledge of senior high school system for knowledge integration and migration. Specifically, you can recruit people from the following aspects:

1. Make full use of maps to grasp the most basic geographical facts: ① the names of seven continents and four oceans and their mutual position; (2) Demarcation lines between continents-Urals, ural river, Caucasus and Turkish Strait, Suyitu Canal, Panama Canal, Bering Strait, Gibraltar Strait, Drake Strait and other important demarcation lines; (3) Important topographic names, river and lake names and their distribution in all continents, regions and countries; (4) the important mineral resources of all continents; ⑤ The territorial composition, topographical features, climatic features, important products and important cities of each country.

2. Grasp the spatial orientation of related geographical things by using the schematic diagram of latitude and longitude network: ① the latitude and longitude range of important continents in the world; Latitude and longitude ranges of important peninsulas, islands, straits, lakes and sea areas in the world; (3) the latitude and longitude range of major mountains, plains, plateaus, basins and deltas in the world; ④ Latitude and longitude range of eight important countries in the world.

3. List and compare the basic features of related geographical things: ① the topographic features of seven continents in the world, the distribution and characteristics of main climate types and natural zones in the world; (2) Types and distribution of major natural resources in the world; (3) the distribution of the world population and the characteristics and distribution of the three major races; ④ Distribution characteristics of major languages and religions in the world; ⑤ The distribution of southeast subtropical monsoon climate and tropical rain forest climate and their influence on agriculture; ⑥ Comparison of geographical location and main location of four major cities in India; ① The distribution of four major industrial zones in Russia and the comparison of their main industrial sectors; (8) Comparison between Brazil's Amazon Plain and other countries.

4. Highlight the important features of each continent: ① the differences between East and West in East Asia; (2) Southeast Asia's important geographical location and rich products; ③ Arid climate in Central Asia; ④ Rich petroleum resources in West Asia; ⑤ Single product economy in sub-Saharan Africa; ④ The coastline of Western Europe is tortuous, with temperate maritime climate and developed economy; ⑦ The influence of the topography of the North and South Pillars of the United States on the climate; The cold natural environment in Antarctica.

5. Highlight the important characteristics of each country: ① the objective fact that Japan has a small population and the economic characteristics of external dependence; (2) The impact of floods and droughts in India on agriculture; (3) the Nile River in Egypt and its gifts; (4) Germany's important geographical location and developed dairy industry; ⑤ Russia's unique transportation and industry; ⑥ America's superior geographical position and the world's first industry and agriculture; ① Brazil is rich in tropical cash crops; 8 Australia's semi-circular climate and rich resources:

6. Numerical induction of important knowledge points:1-the largest continent, the largest ocean, the largest island, the largest country, the most populous country, the country with the highest industry and agriculture, and "the best in Africa"; 2- Two types of natural resources, two types of countries, two major ports in Japan, two major climates in Southeast Asia, two characteristic agriculture in Central Asia, two rivers in Europe and two landforms in Brazil; 3- Three major races, three major religions, three major topographical regions in South Asia, three major oil transportation lines in the Persian Gulf, three major plateaus in Africa, three major topographical regions in the United States and Australia, three major industrial zones in the United States, three major endangered oceans, three major cities in Australia and three major climatic features in Antarctica; 4- Four oceans, four islands in Japan, four cities in India, four economic pillars in Egypt, four cities in Germany, four terrain areas and four rivers in Russia, four industrial zones and four ports, and four tropical cash crops in Brazil; 5- The land of five seas in West Asia and North Africa, the Great Lakes in North America, five industrial sectors in Germany and five major cities in the United States.

(2) The geographical part of China:

The geography of China is also an important part of regional geography, including the general situation of China, the physical geography of China, the human geography of China and the regional differences of China. There are many contents in this unit, and many geographical facts that need to be memorized should be strengthened by maps. You can review it manually from the following aspects.

1. Make full use of maps to grasp geographical facts: ① Use topographic maps of China to memorize the main mountains, four plateaus, four great basin and three hills, three plains and their spatial distribution in China; (2) Memorize the main rivers and lakes in China and their spatial distribution by using the China water system map; (3) Memorize the full names, abbreviations, provincial capitals and their spatial distribution of 34 provincial administrative regions in China by using the map of administrative regions in China; (4) Identify provincial administrative regions, main topographic regions, upper, middle and lower reaches, etc. by using the Yangtze River basin map and the Yellow River basin map. Where the Yangtze River and the Yellow River flow; ⑤ Memorize the names and distribution of major coal mines, oil fields, iron mines and nonferrous metals mines in China by using the map of natural resources in China; ⑥ Memorize the names and distributions of major railway lines and railway hubs in China by using the distribution map of China railway lines; ⑦ Memorize the names and distribution of eight commercial centers in China by using the distribution map of China commercial centers; ⑧ Remember China's main neighbors and their distribution, as well as the four points of China's border with chinese administrative division map; (9) Memorize the names and spatial distribution of the top ten scenic spots in China by using the map of China tourism resources; Remember the main borders of our country with our map.

2. Grasp the spatial orientation of related geographical things through the schematic diagram: ① the latitude and longitude range of major mountains, plateaus, basins, plains and hills in China; ② Latitude and longitude range of major provincial administrative regions in China; ③ General situation of major provincial administrative regions in China; ④ Morphology of major rivers and lakes in China; ⑤ Use the knowledge structure diagram to grasp the regional characteristics and influence of the four regions in China.

3. Compare the related geographical things with tables: ① the dividing line and main topography of the three steps in China; (2) The scope and basic features of China's four plateaus, four great basin, three plains and three hills; ③ Differences in physical geography and human geography between north and south along the Qinling-Huaihe River; (4) The birthplace of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the provinces and regions that flow through it, the population, the upper, middle and lower reaches, etc. ⑤ Advantages, main features, restrictive factors and development direction of the four industrial bases in China.

4. Geographic digital inventory of China: 1- The largest and most populous provincial administrative region, the longest river, the largest lake, the largest commercial center, the highest plateau, the highest mountain peak and the largest plain. 2- two types of lakes (saltwater lakes and freshwater lakes) and two major population problems (large population base and rapid population growth); 3- 3 steps, 3 plains, 3 hills, 3 climatic features, 3 administrative districts, 3 saltworks, 3 forest areas, 3 horizontal trunk lines of east-west railway, 3 international airports, etc. 4- Four Pacific plateaus, four great basin, four industrial bases, four sites, four dry and wet areas, four pastoral areas, etc. 5- 5 temperature zone, five major water systems of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, five major coal mines, five major vertical trunk lines of the North-South Railway, and five major trade targets; 6- Others: eight commercial centers and ten scenic spots.

(3) land improvement and regional planning

Regional sustainable development is an important goal of land development and consolidation in China. Based on specific cases, this unit discusses the problems or resource advantages in a certain area from two aspects: physical geography and human geography, and explores measures to solve the problems or ways to give full play to the advantages. When reviewing, we should grasp the geographical characteristics of different regions, grasp the problems or advantages of this region, use systematic geographical knowledge for analysis, and learn how to transfer and apply knowledge. Specifically, we can review it from the following aspects.

1. list comparison; (1) the scope and characteristics of the three natural regions in China; (2) Internal differences among the three natural regions; (3) Differences in the scope of the three major economic zones, provincial administrative regions, and the level and speed of economic development in China; ④ The principle and application of "3S" technology.

2. Outstanding characteristics and comprehensive analysis: ① Vegetation destruction-soil erosion-comprehensive management of small watershed in the Loess Plateau; ② Drought and desertification control in northwest China; (3) Yangtze Three Gorges Project-development resettlement-comprehensive river management; (4) The management and development of low-yield fields in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain-saline-alkali land and low wetland; ⑤ Southern hills-rich natural resources-stereoscopic agriculture-comprehensive development and ecological construction of agricultural resources in mountainous areas; ⑥ Northeast China-rich land and forest resources-commodity grain base-commodity agriculture development; ⑦ Southwest China-rich resources, complex terrain and inconvenient transportation-Nanning-Kunming Railway-traffic construction; 8 Hainan Island-location and resource advantages-industrial layout and characteristic economy-island development; Pet-name ruby west-east power transmission project-rich resources-cross-regional deployment; Attending Shanghai Pudong New Area-Location Advantage-New Urban Development.

3. Knowledge transfer, focusing on application: cases are generally typical, with outstanding characteristics in all aspects. In real life, what problems or advantages exist in a field similar to a certain field, and how to develop and manage them, we can transfer and analogy knowledge from the success of typical cases, and use the learned knowledge and principles to solve practical problems. For example, the development of Hainan Island-the development of Chongming Island; (2) Construction of commodity grain bases in Northeast China-Jianghan Plain, Chengdu Plain and other commodity grain bases; ③ Construction of Nankun-Qinghai-Tibet Railway; ④ Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River-comprehensive management of the Yellow River; (5) Control of desertification in northwest China-control of sandstorm.

4. Master basic methods and learn to think and model; For the case of this unit, we should pay attention to induction and sorting out when analyzing, and solve the land consolidation problem in specific unfamiliar areas by thinking modeling. Generally speaking, it can be analyzed according to the thinking mode of "finding out the problems or advantages in a certain field-finding ways to solve problems or give play to advantages". 5. Pay attention to the regional spatial positioning: We should pay attention to the regional spatial positioning of longitude and latitude network and related geographical things when reviewing the propositional law of a large area by using a small regional map. As the starting point of proposition, regional map is the breakthrough of solving problems. Only when the regional judgment is correct, it is possible to use the map and stem information to establish contact with the relevant knowledge in the knowledge reserve and use the learned knowledge to solve problems.