Indonesia has a large territory, but why are the capitals Jakarta and Surabaya on a small Java island?

It has a very important relationship with the history of Indonesia and the ecological environment of Java Island. ?

The ecological environment of Java Island is superior to other areas. Java has a tropical monsoon climate with volcanoes all over the island. The volcanic soil accumulated for many years makes the soil on the island particularly fertile. The economic gap between Java and other islands not only exists now, but also exists in history. In ancient times, people found Java Island more suitable for living. Volcanic ash is so rich that even hillsides have been reclaimed into farmland. As for other islands, although they are not small, they are all tropical rainforests, which are difficult to cultivate and the soil is not as fertile as Java. Song Bin volcano located in Java Island, because the volcanic soil around the volcano is very fertile, dense farmland and agricultural population can be formed even around the volcano. This is a natural condition that other islands do not have.

The Boyi Empire of the Manchu Dynasty was the largest local dynasty in ancient Southeast Asia, which developed with Surabaya Port and the upper reaches of Java Island as the core areas. This system was mainly supported by international trade, and then gradually expanded. It was the largest maritime empire in ancient Southeast Asia. The natural environment of other islands cannot support the natural resources needed by this great empire. (The Manchu Game Empire also had contact with China during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties) The Dutch East India Company was the first company to conquer and develop Java. The Dutch appointed Batavia (Jakarta) as the capital of East India, and Jakarta became the most important trade center in Indonesia. Surabaya, also located in Java, was once the capital of Mataran. After the Dutch occupied this area, they also built it into an important commercial port. In other words, Java is the center of the expansion of the Dutch East India Company and the first place occupied by the Dutch. The East India Company concentrated Indonesia's resources in Java, further increasing the population of Java.

Anyone who knows modern history knows that a country must have sufficient resources to realize modernization. Whether western European countries can take the lead in realizing modernization is closely related to their plundering of global resources. Java has its own advantages, plus the blessing of the Dutch. The infrastructure on the island is far ahead of the neighboring Sumatra and kalimantan island. As for the living conditions in New Guinea compared with those in Java, it is not an era. Java Island is unique in Indonesia because it has a long history and modern colonial history. The Indonesian government also tried to transfer the population of Java to other islands, that is, the immigration plan, which transferred millions of people. In fact, the main purpose is to change the demographic composition of other islands and prevent independence. Much like the ancient immigrant garrison in China. But as a developing country, how can Indonesia have so much money for infrastructure construction? Generally speaking, although Indonesia has a vast territory, Java Island has always been the core area of the country and the main gathering place of major Javanese in Indonesia. However, other islands are backward in history. Now they want to build, but they have no money to build infrastructure.