What does culture mean?

Cuan culture refers to the historical civilization that distributed in Luliang area of Qujing, China, from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang Tianbao for seven years, and the Cuan clan ruled the south-central region for more than 400 years.

In Qujing's long history, people call it' Cuandi' or' Cuxiang'. /kloc-more than 0/000 years ago, there was a powerful nation-"Yi people" ... The eastern Yunnan Plateau not only had convenient water conservancy in Panjiang, but also had abundant pasture in Wumeng, which made it in the history of civilization. Formed a unique regional cultural characteristics of coexistence of agriculture and animal husbandry. This cultural feature can also be said to be the basic economic feature of culture. Culture also includes ceremonies and music, poetry, customs, rituals, costumes, food, medicine, architecture and handicrafts.

Cuan clan has always been ruled by the Central Plains Dynasty. According to the different official positions of satrap and secretariat, the owners of the two monuments, Yan Baozi and Yan Longyan, were called "Fu Jun" and "Shi Jun" respectively, which was consistent with the official titles in the Central Plains at that time. Cuan clan has been in Yunnan for hundreds of years because the Central Plains court was unable to govern South China. However, in cuan clan for more than ten generations, there has never been a phenomenon that an independent regime claimed the title of king or changed its name. In this way, in the chaotic situation of the Central Plains and more than 400 years, national unity and multi-ethnic unity have always been maintained.

According to historical records, Xian's family originated from the Han nationality in the Central Plains. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban was sealed for his merits, and his food city was here, taking the fief as his surname. In the Shu and Han dynasties, after decades of development, it has become the most popular name. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, this place was described as terrible but lovely. The terrible thing is that there is a lot of smoke and it is difficult to control the soil and water. Zhuge Liang's sergeant drank the water here and was festered all over. And this unyielding leader played a game with Zhuge Liang. This so-called seven-capture Meng Huo is more like a comedy, without the cruelty and blood of war. After Zhuge Liang pacified Nanzhong, in order to stabilize the rear of Shu for a long time, Zhuge Liang consciously fostered the most popular surnames in Nanzhong and took their heroes (such as Jianning Cuju, Zhu Di Meng Cong and Meng Huo). ) As an official. Therefore, with the support of Zhuge Liang, the "four surnames" represented by the most popular surnames such as the family name (the other three surnames are unknown or different) became Nanhao. It is generally believed that cuan clan, like other most popular surnames in southern China, was originally an immigrant from the Central Plains. They entered South China in different periods, such as Zhuang Renqiao Yunnan, Qinkai Wuchi Road, Hanwu Store, Wuhou Dingnan and so on. They entered South China through garrison, opening up wasteland, businessmen and refugees. He was "alienated" to some extent by changing customs and marrying local aborigines, and became Qu Shuaihao and the actual ruler of Nanzhong. The earliest record of cuan clan can be traced back to Wei Ce in the Warring States Period and the Spring and Autumn Period, while the earliest record of cuan clan's activities in central South China in the history books may be the West in the Three Kingdoms Period. Zhuge Liang adopted the most popular surname in South China supported by Shu State when he went south, and learned that he had been banned for helping to suppress rebellion. Cuan clan became one of the most powerful surnames in Nanzhong. In the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, Nanzhong was promoted to Jin with Huo Yi, the governor. In the first year of Taishi (256), Huo Yi led the Nanzhong family to snatch their toes from the State of Wu, indicating that Gu was the satrap. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eight Kings Rebellion, Bashu and Li successively became kings, and the rulers had no time to take care of South China. In addition, Li Jue, Wang Xun, a captain of Nanyi appointed by the Jin Dynasty, rebelled against Nanzhong because of alienating Nanzhong from tyranny and "excessive punishment", so that when Bashu sent Li Shou to attack Ningzhou in 337 AD, he was attacked by Yin Feng, Huo Biao and others. Feng Li Huo Biao is the secretariat of Ningzhou and Jiaozhou. Together with Jianning Prefecture, Huo, Xian and Meng became the three most powerful surnames in southern China. In 339 AD, Meng Yan tied Huo Biao to the Jin Dynasty, and then Meng Yan was killed by Li Xiong. Huo and Meng mutually assured destruction, cuan clan is the only one in the south. With the demise of Bashu Li in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Jiang Zuo did nothing and became barbarian king. Since then, despite the Western Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Central Plains Dynasty still ruled in the name of "distant secretariat", or the official position was appointed by cuan clan himself. From the eighth year of Xianhe in the Western Jin Dynasty (333), Xian Biao and Chen Xian were appointed as the secretariat of Jiaozhou. Until Tang Tianbao was destroyed by imperial edict, cuan clan and his son passed down from generation to generation, actually ruling Yunnan for more than 400 years and becoming the leader of Yunnan. Cuan culture, represented by the national key cultural relics protection units "Cuan Baozi Monument" and "Cuan Longyan Monument" (commonly known as "Two Cuan Monuments"), has also become an important part of studying the unique cultural phenomena in Yunnan during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Not afraid of death, unyielding and wild, but they have their own organizational model and code of conduct, which we see in romantic works. Therefore, they don't care about the word "person". To this day, they are still proud of "people" and Meng Huo. On the colorful sand dunes in Lvliang, Cuan township, after the filming of the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the scene about Meng Huo was preserved and a palace was built for him. On the rock at the entrance, a big character "Man" several feet high hangs in mid-air like a flag fluttering in the wind.

This is the most popular name for "moving to Shu, flowing south" and living in Yunnan. In the fifth year of Xiankang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (339), the pig dominated Ningzhou (now Qujing), and the family dominated the world. This so-called South China never claimed to be a "country" and always belonged to the central government at that time. The decline of the Eastern Jin Empire and the disintegration of the country did not affect the status of South China under the name of the country. However, the imperial court has been unable to manage Nanzhong, making the cuan clan family the monarch of the actual kingdom here. This is the so-called "saving time and closing the door". Compared with the era of Meng Huo, it greatly promoted the pace of rule, not like Meng Huo, but a tribal leader. This leader looks ridiculous to outsiders, some cute, some wild and some wild.

Before 405 AD, although cuan clan did not change its name to Yuan Dynasty, it was essentially closed to the outside world and was in a state of opposition and division with the Central Plains Dynasty. Xian Baozi witnessed the result of "cuan clan dominating South China, dominating one side, relying on distant places to be good at life", which led to years of war and chaos, and "the people of farming and hunting fought each other, and their lives were in suspense". After his "weak crown called benevolence", he reformed the practice of "relying on the distance to be good at life", personally entered the DPRK to serve the king, and initiated "one country, two systems" in history with Tuoba Gui, Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Under the principle of "respecting the moon", the central plains dynasty practiced feudal monarchy, while the land practiced feudal lords, that is, under the main body of a country, two different social systems were retained at the same time. For example, Xian Baozi himself not only accepted the appointment of "Jianning Prefecture" by the imperial court, but also retained the hereditary title of "General Wei Zhen". In the south-central region, there is a peaceful scene of "swords and guns in storage, horses in the south, towns facing Romania, and people living a well-off life". This is reflected in Cong Baozi's Monument. "The county is the satrap, and the ruling and opposition parties sing the peace. Governing the country does not drive, and cultivating talents does not drive." It is better to care for yourself and gain something from things. 23 In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was clearly put forward in "Being ill and losing an official, which is painful and bowing". We can also see that the "one country, two systems" initiated by Fresh Steamed Buns is deeply welcomed and loved by the people. Therefore, after his death, the people were all sad and willing to exchange the deaths of hundreds of people for the immortality of steamed buns. Later, Yan Longyan once "returned Wan Li to Que" and entered the central government twice as an official. What's more worth mentioning is that cuan clan gradually got rid of the disadvantages of hereditary system to a great extent, adopted a more enlightened system of selecting officials and employing people, and formed a good fashion of selecting talents and appointing people, thus promoting the development of economy and culture. How can this not be said to be another important content of culture? Tian Wen, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a poem: "Twenty thousand women, twenty thousand women, handsome and romantic penis. What is the name of an island in the outer ring of Kyushu within the four seas? " Today, the emperor and the sage are United, and the white ring and silver urn are in the capital. "Yelang doesn't know Handa, and it's not stupid to pay.

The seventh year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty (748) was not a good year for the cuan clan family. This so-called Nanzhao has a historical calendar since this year, which can be called the first year of Nanzhao. The white people in Xiguan were forced to migrate to western Yunnan and evolved into Bai people. Dongcong Wuman evolved into today's Yi people because of "unspeakable, scattered forest valley".

Some people question the concept of "Cuan culture" and think that this concept is untenable. The reason is very simple. In the 400-year history when the Cuan clan ruled Nanzhong, there were too few cultural relics and little cultural accumulation. Only these two monuments can be studied and viewed, and no other physical evidence can be found if you want to mourn. This also shows that these two stone tablets are regarded as rare treasures by people who study calligraphy, and they are also treasures that cannot be lost except calligraphy.

Discussing this concept is not the original intention of this article. However, when it comes to culture, it is the sum of matter and spirit. In this way, the word "South China" also includes a part of Guizhou and Sichuan today. The territory is not too big. Living habits, clothing, diet, language, education, writing, etc. Its people are all part of culture, except for some buildings and temples left over from history.

People here are open-minded and want to build their own peace. They are eager to communicate with the outside world, so even during the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, the rulers did not leave the country and called it the country independently. Of course, there are also security considerations, such as the defense against the eyeing Nanzhao. However, more is the desire to communicate, which is the reason for national integration. Absorb the essence of China culture, including advanced farming mode and manual workshop technology. Therefore, judging from the inscriptions, it is in the same strain as such articles in the Central Plains. Both style and content are our common forms and vocabulary, and there is no local language like Meng Huo. So the inscription is an ordinary eulogy, and so is the eulogy. For example: "Striving for Excellence in the Mountain", "Weak crown means benevolence", "How not to hang", "Fighting with my loyalty" and so on. Even if the last sentence of the compliment is not "Shangyi! Shangyi ",that" alas "is enough for our taste. It's like eating noodles with dregs in Dianchi Lake and jiaozi in Diqing, which makes you feel like home.

Experts and scholars who study the culture of Cuan in Qujing have written a lot about the ideas revealed in the inscription, which is consistent with the prevailing fashion and character pursuit of Laozi and Zhuangzi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it goes without saying.

The culture of Yao is inextricably linked with the culture of the Central Plains. It is embodied in the following aspects: cuan clan attaches importance to culture. Yan Baozi and Yan Longyan are both scholars in their twenties, who entered politics with their knowledge and martial arts. It can be seen that cuan clan grew up in the south, and besides strengthening clan power through intermarriage with local foreigners, it is not nonsense for cuan clan to win by virtue of its own advantages in the origin of Central Plains culture. The strong foundation of cuan clan's Central Plains culture is also fully reflected in the two monuments. Among the two tablets, the inscription embodies the characteristics of the transition of Chinese characters from Li to Kai in the Eastern Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, and uses a large number of ancient Chinese characters and vulgar (different) characters popular in the inscriptions of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In addition, the two tablets are both typical Han tablet styles, and their inscriptions adopt the preface and postscript Han tablet format, from which we can easily see that the Central Plains culture has penetrated into the hinterland of Yunnan and become the source of frontier culture.

The aftertaste of "unique brilliance gives people endless fun, leisure and richness". Whenever you play the melody of ancient music in Xiangxiang, "it will definitely take you to Na Yue in the historical year, as if the voice from ancient times echoed in the depths of time and space, quietly hitting people's hearts and being impressed by this heavy history and culture."

Food culture. Yaoxiang ancient wine is famous for its Yangchun Laojiao, Laojiaozi, Eight Immortals Spring, Cold Wine and Pine Seed Wine. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Gui was once called "a glass of wine fights rice". During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, when Yang Zhuangyuan (Sheng 'an) was stationed in Yunnan, he came to Qujing many times to drink ancient wine in vinegar country, so there was a saying that Yang Zhuangyuan did not love his wife and wine.

Clothing life: "The girl is young and fluffy, and the golden rings on her ears are hanging beads. The curtain cap floats in a shallow posture, and the embroidered skirt mops the floor. Jiuzhen rattan red coral, woman husband. The hero has blue eyes, fists and temples. He weaves plum blossom plants with a bow suit. Dai Li's trousers are knee-length, with a pair of deer hanging obliquely around his waist. Shura blowing sheng's bamboo shoots pierce armor, and he only learns swords and arrows without poetry. "