Research report on "How to view China's college entrance examination reform?" 3500 words

The imperial examination system has been implemented in China's feudal society for nearly 1,300 years, and some of the traditions it formed still exist in reality in potential forms. Today's college entrance examinations have many similar drawbacks to the imperial examinations. There are shortcomings in the examination systems of various countries around the world, and the defects of China's college entrance examination system have been obvious to all in recent years. There are different opinions on how to change the college entrance examination system. The most intense remarks came from Huang Quanyu, an adjunct professor at the University of Miami and author of the book "College Entrance Examination in the United States." This scholar wrote to the media at the end of 2003, saying that the college entrance examination system should be "abolished." Huang pointed out in the article that the existing college entrance examination system basically follows the traditional examination system. This system, driven by the baton of using test scores as the sole criterion for measuring and selecting talents, has made "Chinese education far from modern education." Therefore, he advocated replacing the current enrollment plan with a "three-in-one" plan. The so-called "three-in-one" refers to not only looking at college entrance examination scores; but also looking at high school grades; and also looking at social activities, academic activities, cultural and sports activities, charity volunteers, work experience, etc. Admission will be determined based on these three comprehensive scores.

At a "21st Century Education Salon" in May 2007, Su Yongxin, deputy mayor of Suzhou City and professor of Suzhou University, proposed a radical idea for reforming the college entrance examination system - changing one exam to multiple exams , for example, you can take the test once in the second year of high school and twice in the third year of high school; students can choose the school they apply for; universities must be classified into national, provincial, and private, and the examinations must also be classified; universities should have their own independent rights to recruit students; change the liberal arts and sciences Division situation.

However, there are also some scholars who oppose the abolition of the unified college entrance examination enrollment system. Professor Liu Haifeng from the Higher Education Development Research Center of Xiamen University believes that the unified college entrance examination system not only undertakes certain selection and educational functions, but also is responsible for maintaining social fairness and stability. functions, and these are manifestations of the complexity of the multiple pros and cons of the college entrance examination.

On the other hand, news from the Ministry of Education seems to prove that it is impossible to cancel the college entrance examination in the near future. Minister of Education Zhou Ji said in an interview in March 2004 that the college entrance examination must consider two aspects. One of them is that the college entrance examination itself must reflect fairness. The Minister of Education also made it clear that "the college entrance examination is a very good system, and we will continue to strengthen this system."

2. Is the college entrance examination reform necessary?

1. China's college entrance examination The process of reform?1?. Since the college entrance examination was resumed in 1977, the college entrance examination system has been in a state of reform. Since 1997, the reform has accelerated. In the second half of 1998, the Ministry of Education proposed the "3+X" reform plan for the college entrance examination subjects - based on the three compulsory subjects of Chinese, mathematics, and foreign languages, additional examinations of physics, chemistry, biology, politics, history, geography or One or more comprehensive subjects. This “3 +

The reform of the college entrance examination system also includes some humane measures. In 2003, the summer college entrance examination was moved forward from the traditional July 7 to June 7. It was said that this was to eliminate the hidden danger of poor performance of candidates caused by hot weather.

Also in this year, 22 colleges and universities including Peking University and Renmin University were given 5% independent enrollment rights. Although this kind of independent enrollment is quite limited in scope, it heralds the direction of the college entrance examination reform --- -Expand freedom of choice for both schools and students.

In 2007, Guangdong Province implemented the “3+ liberal arts foundation/science foundation + X” plan. Among them, "3" means Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages. "Fundamentals of Liberal Arts" and "Fundamentals of Science" only test the compulsory courses in the new curriculum standards. "X" refers to elective subjects, including 9 subjects including physics, chemistry, biology, politics, history, geography, music, art, and physical education. You can choose any one. The setting of optional subject Choose exam subjects based on your own strengths and hobbies.

Summary of the college entrance examination reform in recent years, we can see the following idea: the college entrance examination system is moving in the direction of decentralization, localization, and diversification, allowing schools and students to enjoy more and more Freedom of choice.

However, new problems brought about by the reform also followed. Although "3+X" has begun to change the unified situation of the college entrance examination, it has also brought about the problems of complicated operations and confusion in teaching; the original intention of the policy of the two-quarter college entrance examination is to give candidates more opportunities, but because the spring recruitment of candidates regardless of Either the school or the major are not ideal, which leads to the fact that candidates do not pay attention to it; when colleges and universities expand independent enrollment, it often appears that the candidates who enter the independent enrollment range are top students. In the end, there is no need to lower their scores, but those who need to lower their scores are difficult to enter the list. . In the new college entrance examination in Guangdong in 2007, it is easy to find that the difficulty of the test questions in each subject is different, and the scores are difficult to compare. In addition, subjects that are less competitive and easier to score are likely to be the first choice for most candidates, while those subjects that they like and whose scores are not easy to score are rarely favored.

2. The reform of the college entrance examination is imperative?1?.

The college entrance examination is an important form and means for the country to select talents, and the needs of the country are the most important value of the college entrance examination. In a sense, the college entrance examination is to use test scores to eliminate students and select new students based on candidates' wishes on the basis of establishing a corresponding enrollment plan. The first is grades, the second is aspirations, and the third is enrollment plans. Scores can represent the candidate's ability, aspirations can represent the candidate's personality, and plans represent the needs of the country. At different historical stages, personality development and 2

national needs show different weights. For a long time since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the college entrance examination policy has mainly pursued the individual's obedience to the needs of the motherland. The needs of the country are greater than all else, and individuals should "sacrifice" the small self and obey the "big self." In the stage of social development with economic prosperity, the college entrance examination policy mainly reflects that people's personality can be fully respected, personal talents can be fully developed, and every personal achievement can contribute to the prosperity of the country. part of. In this way, as long as the college entrance examination policy is properly reformed,

the college entrance examination can fully reflect the value orientation of individuality and national needs, develop in the direction of respecting individuals, and develop in a direction that is beneficial to

innovative talents. To select and cultivate talents and develop in a direction that is conducive to the growth of talents, the college entrance examination means providing candidates with more opportunities to choose, allowing candidates to have more opportunities to express their wishes, and strive to make the country Need to be harmonious and unified with personality.

"Written examination can still test the quality, but what is tested and how

are tested are very important, and standard answers cannot be overemphasized." In this sense, it shows the importance of the college entrance examination reform.

Whether the college entrance examination system belongs to exam-oriented education or quality education depends on the educator's educational thoughts and educational theories and education

Method. This determines the direction of reform of the college entrance examination system. In general, the key to the college entrance examination is not the issue of survival or elimination but the issue of how to reform.

At present, quality education is stagnant, but the momentum of exam-oriented education is still strong. Many people believe that as long as the college entrance examination system is not changed, quality education will have difficulty moving forward. Some even say that "to implement quality education, the college entrance examination must be cancelled." Generally speaking, the college entrance examination itself has its own shortcomings, which to some extent runs counter to the original intention of quality education. Over the past few decades, my country's college entrance examination system has formed a systematic method and standard for selecting talents, and its greatest feature is its fairness. The college entrance examination gives candidates across the country a fair chance to compete. Especially for the majority of rural candidates, the college entrance examination has become a turning point in the fate of many of them. But it is undeniable that the college entrance examination has its own shortcomings. The training model with the college entrance examination as the baton makes middle schools and primary schools have no choice but to implement exam-oriented education. From high school, to junior high school, and even to elementary school and kindergarten, students enter college. The previous competition has affected the children throughout their childhood and adolescence. This has brought certain difficulties to the implementation of quality education in primary and secondary schools

, thus forming a contradiction: the original intention of the college entrance examination is to promote quality education in primary and secondary schools in order to select talents with all-round development, but Nowadays, the college entrance examination has become an obstacle to the implementation of quality education to some extent. So no matter from which perspective, the reform of the college entrance examination is imperative.

3. How to reform the college entrance examination

The reform of the college entrance examination must be carried out gradually based on long-term planning and comprehensive research, and the shock caused will be relatively small, and learning

Students and teachers are also easy to adapt. If some plans are changed and changed overnight, middle school teaching, especially high school teaching, will be at a loss.

The teaching of graduating classes will be at a loss. Like other policies, the formulation and implementation of the college entrance examination policy is a systematic project. It involves

a variety of aspects, including the admissions system, examination content, question design, and admission methods

3. And so on, but in terms of its core elements, it's mainly the admissions system. It can be said that the history of changes in the college entrance examination policy in New China is, to a large extent, a history of continuous changes in the admissions system.

Since 1981, the college entrance examination system has been continuously reformed and achieved remarkable results, but it has also attracted increasing criticism. The degree of popularization of higher education in our country is not high, and there has been structural competition. That is, the goal of candidates has changed from whether they can go to college to what kind of college they can go to, and screening is still inevitable. The reform of the college entrance examination is complicated. I believe that the first step is to clarify the goals and direction of the reform.

(1) Goals of the reform

First of all, the college entrance examination reform must guide middle schools to promote quality education. Teaching reform is subject to examination reform. To effectively promote quality education, the examination system must be thoroughly reformed. Although the fundamental reason behind examination-oriented education is the competition for further education, the college entrance examination orientation can change the way of competition. Giving full play to the baton role of the college entrance examination can guide middle school teaching and promote quality education. In addition to the above-mentioned combination of examination culture and quality examination, guiding middle schools to effectively promote quality education is to reform the college entrance examination propositions and change knowledge examinations into ability examinations.

At best, the current college entrance examination papers only test students' knowledge transfer ability, which is far from enough. They should also test the ability to find problems, ask questions, predict the development trend of things, divergent thinking or creative thinking ability, preliminary inquiry and scientific research ability, mastery knowledge, the ability to acquire new knowledge, etc. Science test questions should reduce cumbersome calculations and focus on testing the thinking process or problem-solving process. The scoring standard should be "process is more important than result". To increase the flexibility and selectivity of questions, there should be a certain proportion of test questions that clearly require multiple solutions to one question, multiple variations to one question, and the simplest solution, and encourage creative problem-solving methods. Liberal arts test questions should avoid rote memorization of content, and should have room for expression to allow candidates to express different opinions.

Secondly, middle school students should be guided to learn scientifically. The guiding role of the college entrance examination not only guides middle schools to promote quality education, but also guides middle school students to study scientifically. The propositions of each subject in the college entrance examination should conform to the students' learning rules and the learning characteristics of different subjects, guide and promote students to learn scientifically, rather than violate the learning rules and distort the learning characteristics and mislead students. According to this standard requirement, there are certain problems in the guiding ideology and question types of each subject of the college entrance examination, and their scientific nature needs to be re-examined. For example, does learning history focus on memorizing a large number of times, places, and events, or does it allow students to form a correct view of history? In foreign language test papers, do they overemphasize grammar and alienate the purpose of learning foreign languages, or do they highlight the communicative function of language and apply what they have learned? The essay questions are too broad and have few restrictions. They seem to provide room for expression, but in fact they make it easy for candidates to adapt their ideas. It is imperative to reform the propositions of each subject in the college entrance examination.

Finally, the college entrance examination system must ensure and promote fairness in college entrance examination admissions. Fairness is the soul of the college entrance examination. It requires that the college entrance examination policy formulated should reflect the provision of fair opportunities, a fair environment, and fair standards to all persons taking the exam as much as possible. But in practice, people find that if we pursue absolute fairness, efficiency will continue to decline. Therefore, we must firmly grasp the relationship between fairness and efficiency: we must not overemphasize fairness and significantly reduce efficiency, nor pursue efficiency too much without paying attention to fairness. We must correctly handle the relationship between the two and take into account each other. , coordinate and unify, and better play the role of the college entrance examination in selecting talents. The fair and objective college entrance examination serves as a measuring stick for talent selection. It eliminates the interference of power, origin and interpersonal relationships in talent selection, and ensures the right of individuals to receive higher education equally based on their talents. It is this fairness

4. and impartiality that plays an important role in maintaining the unity of a multi-ethnic country and social stability and unity. History has proven that only a fair and competitive examination system can widely mobilize people's enthusiasm for studying, make the best use of their talents, and promote the development of scientific societies. There is no doubt that fairness should be the core concept in the formulation of college entrance examination policies, and the reform of the college entrance examination should be as scientific and fair as possible. Under the guidance of the college entrance examination reform that is conducive to the expansion of the autonomy of colleges and universities in running schools, colleges and universities have gradually increased their autonomy in enrollment. 2. The issue of fairness in the college entrance examination is prominently reflected in the quota system in the admissions process. The tendency of localization of admissions in key universities has led to widening regional differences. In the face of the "skewed college entrance examination score line", everyone cannot be equal, and the phenomenon of college entrance examination immigration has emerged. There are two basic prerequisites for truly solving the problem of fairness in enrollment: first, college enrollment changes from a seller's market to a buyer's market, and students choose schools; second, a true inter-school competitive environment must be formed. These two prerequisites will be difficult to meet for a long time. Therefore, how to reasonably solve the quota problem in key universities under the current conditions has become a key issue.

(2). Direction of reform

1. Reform of students’ learning methods. The reform of the college entrance examination affects the reform of the education and teaching system. It is not so much the reform of the college entrance examination as the reform of students' learning methods.

Ensure students have the autonomy to choose learning content and choose the courses they like to study. Base the training goals on the organic combination of majors, interests, and abilities. Highlight individual training and do not bury overall development. Actively create a single-subject competition atmosphere and overcome the unfavorable talent development model of all-rounders working hard. Because people's abilities are limited, it is not in line with the law of talent growth to use people's limited abilities for all-rounders.

2. Strengthen the educational process and overcome the focus on educational effects. Only a good education process can naturally produce good educational results. Focusing only on results and despising the process is a flamboyant and non-factual education. To attach too much importance to the college entrance examination means to pursue educational results too much. The key to selecting talents should be placed in the market and society or the actual demand for talents. Do not set too many checkpoints in the student learning and development process. This will not only waste students' energy and time, but also waste a lot of social public funds.

3. Simplify the intensity of the college entrance examination and enhance the hardness of practical training. Broaden the paths for students to become talents, ensure students have diversified choices in the learning process, ensure that students choose independent learning content, and supply the market with diversified and professional talent needs. This is the focus and foothold of China’s college entrance examination reform.

4. Give students the power to choose colleges and universities?4?. The current design of the college entrance examination system strictly limits students' autonomy in applying for the exam. Different colleges and universities in the same batch cannot be admitted simultaneously. Most colleges and universities do not consider students' second choices, thus making filling in the application form a science. Some candidates with excellent grades cannot If you fill in your application form incorrectly, you will lose your opportunity. In the era of popularization of higher education, student-centered system design requires giving students more autonomy in applying for exams and the right to choose colleges and universities.

Only when students have the right to choose colleges and universities will there really be competition for colleges and universities to improve their services in order to attract outstanding students.

5. Implement socialization of the college entrance examination?4?. In order to change the practice of using the college entrance examination admission rate as high school evaluation, the high school entrance examination system must be strengthened and the college entrance examination must be socialized. After passing the college entrance examination and obtaining a high school diploma, students are separated from high school. Candidates apply for the exam at the police station or neighborhood committee where their hukou is located, and the admission notice from the college is also sent directly to the candidate, so that the college entrance examination results are isolated from the high school. The value of this measure is that although high schools can still know the status of graduates, it is difficult for local governments to accurately rank schools according to the college entrance examination admission rate, thereby weakening the strong "command" of high schools by the college entrance examination and freeing most high schools. Beijing has tried this approach and achieved positive results.