Lake case in Rajk László.

Tito became a major obstacle in Stalin's process of establishing a unified group that imitated the Soviet model and obeyed the Soviet Union after the war. After the conflict in southern Jiangsu became public, Stalin would "expose" all potential Tito elements in the leadership of Tito and satellite countries through large-scale cleansing and public trial, and treat them as anti-Soviet traitors who infiltrated the leadership of the party and imperialist agents who tried to restore capitalism. According to the resolutions of the * * * Production Party and the Labor Party Intelligence Bureau in June 1948, the production parties in eastern European countries accused Nan * * as a traitor and began to purge the "Tito elements" in their own party. As one of the leaders of the Hungarian Communist Party, Rajk László once disagreed with the Soviet Union on domestic policy issues, which was undoubtedly the ideal goal of public trial, so he was the first to be purged. First of all, he is a "domestic faction" and is considered as a national producer like Tito; Secondly, he took part in the Spanish Civil War. The Soviet Union has always distrusted the producers who participated in the Spanish War. "Because many of them stayed in France as German prisoners or engaged in resistance movements in France after the failure of the Republic of China, they were influenced by more western ideas and the so-called' cosmopolitanism' of the Soviet Union.

Rakosi Matthias, Gerern and Fakas Mihaly were ideal collaborators, who occupied the dominant position in Hungary after returning from Moscow with the help of the Soviet Union. Rakosi is an active advocate of Stalinism and the Soviet model, trying to replicate this model in Hungary. However, Lacker has a long-term foothold in China and has a deep understanding of its actual situation, which is quite prestigious among the people. Therefore, Rakosi regards Laeq as a thorn in his side and a thorn in his flesh. In order to eliminate potential political threat, we must get rid of it quickly.

1948 in early summer, Rakosi was invited to Moscow for consultation. Beria ordered him to prepare for a public trial. 1In July 1948, the Politburo meeting of the Hungarian Labor People's Party accused Laeq of being unfriendly to the Soviet Union, so he was removed from his post as Minister of the Interior and replaced by Minister of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Union was very critical of the reasons for handling Laeq, thinking that it would cause dissatisfaction of the Soviet Union. On a Sunday in August of the same year, Rakosi invited Gerern, farkas Mihali, Revai Jozsef and kadar janos of the Political Bureau to his home. According to Cadal's recollection afterwards, "Facas read a secret report sent to Budapest by the Hungarian ambassador to Switzerland, which detailed the information provided to him by a Hungarian immigrant. According to this informant, during the war, Laeq had contact with allen dulles's intelligence department, and the middleman was Field. Noel Field is an American diplomat. 1940 At the end of the year, he and his wife went to Geneva to support Nazi victims with the funds of the "Only Shinto Worship Committee". With his help, many eastern European producers fled to Switzerland. In May 1949, 1 1, Field was arrested in Prague and taken to Budapest. 1949 On May 23rd, Laeq was suddenly arrested by the National Security Bureau. 16 On June 6th, he was accused of being an agent of the US Central Intelligence Agency in Hungary, a spy and spy of Yugoslavia, a spy of the Holti Police Department, and a Trotskyite, and was guilty of planning an armed uprising and plotting to assassinate the * * * production party.

Gabor Peter, director of the Hungarian National Security Bureau, his assistant colonel Hughie Elnor and other staff of the Security Bureau formed a special agency to investigate the case of Laeq. General fedor Belgin, director of the Soviet Security Bureau for South-East Europe, sent General Likhachev and General makarov from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and a group of Soviet "consultants" to Budapest to assist the Bureau.

The victim was brutally tortured both mentally and physically. There are many ways to torture people. However, after the cruel torture, Laeq and many victims still refused to "plead guilty". So they changed their strategy. Party leaders (including Facas, Minister of National Defense, Cadal, Minister of the Interior, and Gabor, Director of the National Security Bureau, who have close personal relations with Laeq) and Belgin persuaded them to plead guilty for the world capitalist movement. "Stalin and the party know that they are innocent, but in order to expose Tito's conspiracy, they need to make sacrifices. After the trial, they will be sent to a safe place and live incognito. Many loyal and disciplined party member fell victim to their own beliefs.

After the confession was forced from Laeq and his gang, the rehearsal of the public trial began: a group of carefully selected defendants recited their confessions carefully, and then practiced with interrogators who acted as judges under the supervision of Soviet consultants. After some rehearsals, the preparations for the public trial officially began.

1949 September 16, in the lobby on the second floor of the Steel Workers' Union Building, the public trial of Laker and his associates began. Eight defendants stood in the people's court in Budapest. They are Laker, Lieutenant General Palffi Gyorge, Vice Minister of National Defense, Colonel Corenti Bella Gyorge, Head of Police Training Institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Tibor Seni, Minister of Cadre Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Sarai Andras, Vice Minister of International Department, former famous theorist of Social Democratic Party, Hustus Parr, head of the former Yugoslav military mission in Hungary, Lazar Blankov, and leader of Yugoslav minority organizations.

Laeq confessed that he was an agent of Holti secret police and was sent to Spain as a spy. After the war, his task was to join the party leadership and work for Tito and Dulles. He has direct contact with Yugoslav Interior Minister Rankovic, preparing to plot to kill Rakosi, Facas and Gro and take over the country. After Tito and Stalin split, Blankov left Yugoslavia. He represented "the Yugoslav side" in the trial. He revealed that Rankovic told him, "In the Balkans and Central Europe, Yugoslavia will become a leading country in the center, and a group should be organized, which will become a bourgeois democratic country and a western-leaning federal country.

1949 On September 24th, the Budapest People's Court published a judgment drafted in advance by Rakosi and beria and approved by Stalin. Laeq, Sonny and sallai were sentenced to hanging, while Blankov and justus were sentenced to life imprisonment. Oganyanovich was sentenced to nine years in prison. Palffi and Clanti were accused of plotting a rebellion together, and were court-martialed and sentenced to death. 19491June15th, Rajk László was hanged in Budapest at the age of 43. His wife was sentenced to five years in prison until 1954 was released. His son Rajk László Jr. was sent to an orphanage, and later became a famous Hungarian architect, designer, Kossut Prize winner, democratic opposition politician, and a member and member of the Hungarian Liberal Democratic Union.

The trial in Iraq achieved its goal: to prove that Tito was a traitor and an American agent. He tried to destroy socialism and split the people's democratic country from the Soviet Union. It also proves Stalin's theory that class struggle is becoming more and more important, because the enemy is mixed in the party, even at the highest level, we must maintain "revolutionary vigilance."

After the Laeq trial, the purge movement in Hungary did not end. During the period of 1950, many former leaders of the Social Democratic Party who had promoted the merger of the Hungarian Social Democratic Party and the Hungarian Production Party and held important positions in the party and the state were arrested, including Szakasits Arpad, Chairman and Chairman of the Hungarian Labor People's Party, Marosán Gy?rgy, Deputy Secretary-General, and Rish, Minister of Justice. 195 1, a group of former Hungarian factions were arrested, including Deputy Secretary-General, Interior Minister Cadal and Foreign Minister Kállai Gyula. Terrible cleansing is widespread in Hungary, which has caused incurable wounds to Hungarian society.

The Laeq trial was the first "perfect" public trial in postwar Eastern Europe, which provided a model for all satellite countries. Khodos Hodos, one of the survivors of the Hungarian purge, was born in Hungary, joined the * * * production party during the war and went into exile in Switzerland. After returning to China from 65438 to 0945, he worked as editor-in-chief and journalist of British and American literature in a publishing house. 1949 was arrested and 1954 was released. 1956 moved to the United States after the Hungarian incident. It is called "model test". Representatives of Polish and Czechoslovak security agencies went to Budapest to study their organization and procedures. The "Laeq case" played an exemplary role in the great cleansing that swept through Eastern Europe from 1948 to 1954. At that time, similar cases were accused of "right-wing nationalism" and "Tito", including Wadysaw Gomuka in Poland, gustav husak and Rudolf Slansky in Czechoslovakia, Trajko Costov in Bulgaria and Lucrezio Patel Shikanu in Romania.

1953 After Stalin's death, the Soviet Union began to adjust its policy against personality cult, and the international situation changed. 1956 After the 20th Congress of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev promoted Stalinism, and at the same time forced the * * * production parties in other countries to follow the footsteps of the Soviet Union and engage in subversive activities within these parties. In Hungary, Rakosi's dogmatism-sectarianism line finally aroused widespread indignation and disgust, and both inside and outside the party began to denounce the evils of the Rakosi era. 1in July, 953, Khrushchev pressured Rakosi to resign as prime minister through the Soviet ambassador to Hungary, yuri vladimirovich andropov, on the grounds that he was a Stalinist (at that time, there was an assertion that "the first secretaries of political parties in all countries are Stalinists"). Khrushchev elected nagy imre as Prime Minister to preside over the reform and revival. On the issue of trying illegal cases and redressing unjust, false and misjudged cases, the Hungarian Labor People's Party has made some progress in the trial of cases after the Third National Congress, and innocent sentenced persons have been released. However, Rakosi and others set up various obstacles and obstructed them in every way, and the rehabilitation work was slow, especially delaying the rehabilitation of the Laeq case, and ousted Najib in April 1955. After the publication of the report on the 20th Secret Congress of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev launched an anti-Rakosi movement in Hungary through andropov, in retaliation for Rakosi's uncompromising attitude, calling Rakosi a "murderer" and a "criminal" and ordering a review of Rakosi. Under the strong intervention of the Soviet Union and the pressure of Hungarian reformists, Rajk László and others were rehabilitated in February 1956. In July of the same year, Rakosi, trapped in internal affairs and diplomacy, was ousted. 1956, 10 year10.6, the Hungarian party and government held a grand funeral for Laeq, Tibor, sallai and Palffi, which was attended by 65,438+ten thousand people.