The origin of Minnan dialect

Minnan dialect originated in the Yellow River and Luoshui Valley, moved to southern Fujian in the Western Jin, Tang and Northern Song Dynasties, and originated in Quanzhou, Fujian. Now it is mainly distributed in southern Fujian and Taiwan Province Province, and also widely used in most Chinese communities in northeastern Fujian, southeastern Zhejiang, Chaoshan and Hailufeng areas in Guangdong, Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong, Hainan Island and Southeast Asia.

The formation of Minnan dialect is mainly due to two waves of immigrants, the reason of which is to conquer foreigners and avoid chaos:

The first time: Jin people moved to Fujian in the fourth century, forming some elementary Quanzhou dialects. During the Five Wilderness Period of the Jin Dynasty (304-439 BC), aliens invaded the Central Plains, and when they settled in Yongjia, eight families of the Central Plains (Zhan, Chen Zhengqiu and He Hu) began to take refuge in Jinjiang, Quanzhou and Fujian in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 308). They put the ancient China people at that time (for example, they had a corpse), but at this time, the number was very small, and most of the immigrants stayed in the Minjiang River and Mulan River basins. During the reign of the Southern Liang Dynasty (502-5 19), in order to maintain the stability of southern Fujian, Nan 'an County was located in the south of Jin 'an County. Located in Fengzhou Town, Nan 'an City, it leads to three counties such as Jin 'an, but it was soon revoked. It was not until the mid-Tang Dynasty more than 200 years later that Wu Rongzhou was located in Quanzhou for the third time.

In the history of Minnan language, the organizational system of cities and prefectures was stable, and it took more than 400 years for Anxi, Hui 'an, Yongchun and Dehua in Quanzhou to establish counties in the Five Dynasties. Therefore, a few "Quanzhou dialects" are Wu Chu dialects in the Central Plains (such as phio5, ng2 and Hohia) and local Vietnamese dialects (such as loo3 (high), san2 (thin), lim (drink) and hiu3) in the 3rd and 4th centuries.

The second time: In the early Tang Dynasty, the fathers of Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang settled in Zhangzhou, and Zhangzhou dialect was initially formed.

In the second year of Tang Gaozong (AD 669), the barbarians in southern Fujian made an insurrection, and the court sent Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang (County Wangdong) south to pacify the chaos. After the chaos, they stationed troops in Zhangzhou, including Silla and Zhangping in Longyan today. These people brought medieval China in the 7th century. Before the establishment of Zhangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, there were only a few thousand families. These people should be agricultural registered permanent residence that can be controlled by the Tang Dynasty. Besides them, there are some barbarians living in the mountains in the south of Zhangzhou. Tang Jun, led by Chen Yuanguang, fought a long battle to control Zhangzhou. As a result of the war between the two sides, the Tang Dynasty took control of Zhangzhou coastal plain and other vast areas, and the barbarians were finally pacified. Zhangzhou in the Tang Dynasty was not very prosperous, and its development entered the first period in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most influential thing is that the Ming Dynasty opened the sea ban to Zhangzhou alone. "The bustling town is one side, and the port Qian Fan is competing for the male" is a vivid historical portrayal at that time.

Third time: In the late 9th century, Wang Chao, Wang Shenluan and Wang ruled Fuzhou and Quanzhou, and Quanzhou dialect was formed.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Huang Chao Rebellion occurred in China (AD 878). In the Tang Dynasty, three brothers, Wang Chao, Wang Shenluan and Wang San, from Gushi County, Gwangju, went south to put down the rebellion. After the rebellion, Wang Chao was appointed as the special envoy of our army in Fujian. That is, this group of people brought the ninth century Central Plains dialect. Most of the third immigrants were from Guangzhou, Huainan Road in Tang Dynasty. When Fujian people read the Four Books and Five Classics, this is the main source of some "reading sounds". At the end of the Ming Dynasty, scholars systematically sorted out the Minnan dialect at that time, and wrote "A Treasure Mirror of Yin Hui", which gave birth to fifteen tones.