What other languages are there in Wenzhou besides Wenzhou dialect?

Classification: region >> Zhejiang >; & gt Wenzhou City

Analysis:

Wenzhou dialect mainly includes Ou dialect, Min dialect, Manchu and Manchu, She Hakka dialect, Jinxiang dialect and Pumen dialect. Besides Dajingfang and Luo Yang dialect.

I. European language

Ou dialect is the most important dialect in Wenzhou dialect, which is distributed in the lower reaches of Oujiang River, Feiyun River and Biejiang River Basin. Among them, Wenzhou City and Yongjia County are the purest, Ruian and Wencheng basically speak European, and Yueqing Qingjiang also speaks European in Nanhaiji Plain, the lower reaches of Pingyang Aojiang River, Xiaobu in Cangnan and Baizhang in Taishun. Dongtou County has Damen, Luxi, Sanpan, Jue Yuan and Niyu. Only Baizhangkou Town in Taishun County speaks Wencheng European. In addition, Wenxi and Wanshan in Qingtian and Chen 'ao and Li 'ao in Yuhuan have a population of about 5 million who speak Wenzhou dialect.

Ouyue County has the same characteristics as Wu dialect, and was listed as Oujiang piece of Wu dialect in Atlas of Chinese Language (edited by China Social Sciences and australian academy of the humanities) published by 1987. The internal consistency of Ou dialect is relatively strong, and it can communicate with other places, but there are also some differences. With Ouhai and Ruian as the boundary, it can be roughly divided into two regions: north and south.

Second, Min dialect.

Most people who spoke Minnan dialect were immigrants from Zhang Quan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are mainly distributed in the south of Wenzhou, but also immigrated to Changxing, Anji, Lin 'an and Yixing in Jiangsu, and have been distributed in Guangde, Ningguo, langxi, Wuhu East, Shangrao, Yushan, Guangfeng in Jiangxi and the northern border of Pucheng in Fujian. They often call themselves "Wenzhou people", but they actually speak Minnan dialect instead of Wenzhou dialect. Some of these immigrants, like the people in Zhejiang Mandarin, moved when Taiping Army requisitioned the land abandoned by Qing soldiers after the war.

Fujian dialect, which is popular in Wenzhou, is called "Fujian dialect" by local people and belongs to the Minnan dialect family of Fujian dialect. It is mainly distributed in the middle, west and south of Cangnan, the middle and upper reaches of Pingyang Aojiang River and the southeast coastal area, the southeast of Taishun County, Dongtou Island and some villages in the south corner. Besides, Yuhuan and Jingning also speak Min dialect. In order to distinguish it from Minnan dialect in southern Fujian, we call Minnan dialect in the above areas "Minnan dialect".

According to statistics, there are * * *1287,000 people in Wenzhou who speak Fujian dialect, including 848,000 people who speak Minnan dialect and 439,000 people who speak Mindong dialect. Among them, there are 1.4 million people who speak Minnan in Taishun, 243,000 people who speak Minnan in Pingyang, 484,000 people who speak Minnan in Cangnan and 52,000 people who speak Minnan in Dongtou.

Three savage words and savage words

Manchu dialect is Cangshang dialect and Taishun dialect. Manhua and Manhua are considered as indigenous languages, which are probably a special Wu dialect produced by the fusion of Wu dialect and Guyue dialect.

Manhua is mainly distributed in the eastern coastal area of Cangshang, and is generally distributed in the central, southern and western areas of Taishun. Random talk, which is connected with Shouning dialect in Fujian, belongs to Fujian Oriental dialect system and retains many characteristics of Fujian dialect.

The main difference between Manchu and Manchu is that Manchu is greatly influenced by Ou language, especially the phonetic system is basically close to Ou language. Therefore, some people mistakenly believe that Manchu should belong to the Wu language family as well as Ou language. In fact, whether from the source or from the characteristics, Manhua belongs to the eastern Fujian dialect system just like Manhua.

Barbarians and barbarians are different, but they can talk to each other. According to statistics, Taishun has10.8 million savage wars, and Cangnan has 254,000 savage wars.

Iii. She Hakka Dialect

Hakka dialect of She nationality, also known as She dialect, is a Chinese dialect used by She nationality. Hakka dialect of She nationality is distributed in the residential areas of She nationality such as Cangnan, Taishun, Wencheng and Pingyang, and there are 6,543.8+0.5 million people who speak the She dialect.

The living style of She nationality has the characteristics of "small concentration and large dispersion". Because most of the surrounding areas speak Min, Ou and southern Zhejiang Manchu, they often use neighboring dialects when they go out, but they must use She dialect when they return home or where people live in concentrated communities. In the past, she nationality was forbidden to intermarry with foreigners, so she dialect maintained many original features.

She Hakka dialect belongs to the She dialect system, and * * * has six tones, which is similar to Hakka dialect. Except for the tone, she Hakka dialect is similar to Hakka dialect in vowels.

Iv. Jinxiang Dialect and Pumen Dialect

There are two Wuyu islands in Min dialect area of Cangnan County. One is Jinxiang and the other is Pumen.

Jinxiang, a military town along the southern coast of Zhejiang, is called "the frontier of Oujun, Kunyang Pass". According to legend, there was no sea in Jinxiang area in ancient times, and a coastal peninsula appeared here in the late Tang Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1384), in order to resist the invasion of the Japanese, Ming Taizu issued an imperial edict to build a coastal city village, and in the twenty years (1387), a Jinxiang Wei was set up to take charge of thousands of households such as Pumen, Warriors and Shayuan. It has been nearly 600 years. Jinxiang dialect is a peaceful word handed down by Japanese imperial soldiers stationed in the city at that time. Because the officers and men stationed in the city at that time mainly came from northern Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and Jianghuai, and stayed behind for a long time to reproduce, Jinxiang dialect became a mixed dialect island where Wu dialect and Mandarin were mixed in the north. It not only has some characteristics of northern Wu dialect, but also approaches northern dialect in some aspects. It is a mixed language of Mandarin and Wu. But they have long been surrounded by Wu language. By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Fujian immigrants had entered southern Zhejiang and were surrounded by Lushun, Fujian, between the Manchu-speaking area and the Minnan-speaking area. Jinxiang dialect spoken by Jinxiang people today, like semi-official dialect, is close to Minnan dialect and has the characteristics of Wu dialect. It can be regarded as a typical dialect island with a population of around 30,000.

Puzhuang Town, located in Pucheng Township, Cangnan County, is a well-preserved famous anti-Japanese city in Ming Dynasty in China, and is now a national key cultural relics protection unit. Fiona Fang, where Puzhuang lives, is not far from Li Xu. People outside the city speak Minnan dialect, and about 8,000 people in the city, whether they are old people or children, speak a dialect handed down by their ancestors and not understood by outsiders-city dialect, which is different from Wenzhou dialect in other Dongou films and has its own characteristics. Pucheng dialect is a wonderful flower of Pumen culture. Its formation, evolution and development have gone through hundreds of years. It belongs to neither Minnan dialect nor Wenzhou dialect, and has become a unique dialect. This situation has its special historical background. Pucheng is a battleground for military strategists in history. The soldiers guarding Pucheng mainly come from northern Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu, and there are descendants of Minnan people. Only through the cross-integration of local dialects has the unique dialect of Puzhuang city been formed.

In addition, there are many places in the Min dialect area south of Dong 'ou, such as Shuitou Town, Pingyang, which speaks both Minnan dialect and Shuitou dialect in Dong 'ou. Cangnan county has everything, which is the most complicated county in Wenzhou dialect. There are many counties such as Cangnan and Pingyang, and often several different dialect areas are intertwined. In order to meet the needs of communication, many people have to learn two dialects, and some people can speak three or four languages. Therefore, the situation of "two languages" or "multiple dialects" has formed in these areas, which is a unique landscape of Wenzhou.

Yueqing is located in the Wen Tai Corridor, and its dialect belongs to the junction of Wenzhou Dialect and Taizhou Dialect in Wuyu District. The county town, which is bounded by Qingjiang River and belongs to Wenzhou dialect to the south of Please River and represented by Lecheng Town, is called Yueqing Dialect. The north of Qingjiang belongs to Taizhou dialect, represented by Dajing Town, which is called Dajing Dialect. There are geographical differences between north and south. Yueqing dialect fully reflects the changes at the intersection of Wentai dialect and Taiwan dialect, and has typical linguistic and geographical significance, which has attracted linguists' attention.

Besides, Taishun also has Luo Yang dialect, which is not widely used. Taishun dialect is near Lishui and far from Wenzhou. That's because when Jingtai was set up in the next three years, * * * organized people from the government to move in. Guangxu's Records of Taishun Dividing Xinjiang recorded: "When the country was attached to the county, there were the most people, and it is still close to the sound of Lishui, Song and Sui." Experts define Wenzhou dialect and Wenzhou dialect in this way: the dialects spoken in counties and cities in Wenzhou are collectively called Wenzhou dialect, while Wenzhou dialect refers to Ou dialect which is prevalent in Wenzhou city.