Who knows about Fujian tulou? Is it convenient to live there? Are they ethnic minorities there?

Brief introduction of Yongding earth building

Yongding is located in Longyan area of western Fujian, where there are Hakka residential buildings with a long history and unique style, collectively known as "Yongding Tulou". Earth buildings are divided into circular buildings and square buildings. Yongding County has 360 circular buildings and more than 4,000 square buildings.

Yongding tulou building structure

The round earth building is a model of Hakka dwellings. It is like a "mushroom" coming out of the ground and a "flying saucer" falling from the sky. During the Cold War, it was once considered as China's nuclear reactor by western countries. A circular building consists of two or three circles, nested from the inside out. The outer ring is more than ten meters high and has four floors. There are one or two hundred rooms, the first floor is the kitchen and dining room, the second floor is the warehouse, and the third and fourth floors are the bedrooms. There are dozens of rooms on the second floor, usually guest rooms, one of which is the ancestral hall, where hundreds of people living in the building hold weddings, funerals and celebrations. There are also wells, bathrooms, mills and other facilities in the building. The earth building is rammed with local raw soil, without reinforced concrete. The width of the wall foundation is 3m, the thickness of the bottom wall is1.5m, which gradually decreases upwards, and the thickness of the top wall is not less than 0.9m.. Along the circular outer wall, many rooms are separated by wooden boards, and there are corridors inside.

Yongding tulou travel guide

Fujian Hakka tulou shines with the wisdom of Hakka people. It has many functions such as earthquake prevention, fire prevention, defense, good ventilation and lighting, warm in winter and cool in summer. Its structure also embodies the tradition of unity and friendship handed down from generation to generation by Hakkas. Imagine that hundreds of people live in the same big house and get along with each other day and night. It is of course important to live in harmony, and the simple nature of Hakka people can also be seen here. As soon as you enter the tulou, you can immediately feel the heavy feeling and gentle atmosphere of history.

In Yongding Hakka earth buildings, many earth buildings are designed according to the Eight Diagrams, and the chrome seal of China traditional culture is deeply engraved in them. The most typical representative is the sincere building.

Yongding tulou zhencheng building

Zhencheng Building is located in Hongkeng Village, Hukeng Town. Built in 19 12, covering an area of 5,000 square meters. It is a cantilever beam structure, which is divided into two circles, inside and outside, forming a pattern of buildings inside and outside. The front door is "divination" and the back door is "divination" The outer building circle has 4 floors, with 48 rooms on each floor and 6 rooms on each hexagram; Each hexagon has a staircase as a unit; These hexagrams are connected by arches. There are one hall, two wells (which coincide with the yin and yang poles in the Eight Diagrams), three doors (namely, the main entrance and two side doors, which coincide with the talents of heaven, earth and people in the Eight Diagrams) and eight units. There is a wall of fire between hexagrams. If a hexagram catches fire, it won't affect the whole building. There is also a divination door between divination and divination, which is closed and self-contained, and all parties can communicate after opening. Once the thief enters the house and the divination door is closed, he can catch the live turtle in the urn. The ancestral hall is like a stage. There are four big stone pillars in front of the stage, which are nearly 2 meters in circumference and 7 meters in height. On both sides of the stage, 30 rooms form an inner ring, and the exquisite cast iron checkered railings in the corridor on the second floor are transported from Shanghai to this building for inlaying. In the hall and on the lintel, there are inscriptions of President Li's "view in the hall" and "giving words with righteousness" in the early years of the Republic of China. There are more than 20 permanent couplets and inscriptions in the building, which fully show the connotation of tulou culture.

The facilities layout of the whole building has both the imprint of Suzhou gardens and the characteristics of ancient Greek architecture. It can be called a wonderful architectural work that combines Chinese and western cultures. 1995, its architectural model and the Temple of Heaven in Beijing participated in the World Architecture Exhibition in Los Angeles, USA, which caused a sensation and was known as the "Pearl of Oriental Architecture".

Yongding Tulou Global Building

Huanji Building is located in Nanzhong Village, Hukeng Town. The founder is Su Buchen, who built this large-scale and magnificent civil structure Dayuanzhai during the Gui You period of Qing Dynasty (1693). The whole building has four floors, with a height of about 20m, a diameter of 43.20m, a perimeter of1.30m, a wall thickness of1.70m at the bottom and a wall top of 0.9m.. There are 32 rooms on the first floor (kitchen and dining room), a larger hall and main hall, and 34 rooms on the second floor (storage, 34 rooms on the third floor and 34 rooms on the fourth floor). There are two halls and ten rooms (for guests) and two bathrooms for men and women in the inner ring of the building. The corridor inside the building 1.56, and the eaves gallery outside the building1.82m wide. The floor door is 2.96 meters high and 3.4 meters wide, and it is nailed with iron sheets. There is a well inside and outside the building. The annex outside the building has 16 bedrooms, 8 stables and 6 mills. Huanji Building has 2 1 household, 1 16 people. There are more than 400 descendants of Subuchen in his hometown, many in Nanyang and many in Myanmar.

There is a saying that Polaris, also known as Beichen Star, is located in the afternoon and often stays where it is. It is the master of celestial stars. Someone wrote a poem saying, "Where there is water, it flows east, and no stars arch north", which means that the stars arch north. This building sits from Beirenzi to Bingwu, hence the name "Huanji Building"; There is also a saying that the ring is round, "round" is an auspicious word, and "ring rod" means wishing it good luck.

The biggest feature of Huanji Building is its strong seismic performance. In the past 300 years, it has experienced many earthquakes. According to county records, an earthquake of magnitude 7 occurred in Yongding in February 19 18 (the third day of the first month of the seventh year of the Republic of China). Mud water in the nearby fields was sprayed several feet high, and almost all the bricks on the roof were shaken off, and several aftershocks occurred. However, after the earthquake, due to the centripetal force of the circular building and the traction of the structure, the crack miraculously closed slowly, leaving only a slender crack, and the whole building was safe and upright. A Japanese friend visited and said, "It would be great if such a building were built in Tokyo!" In the center of Huanji Building, you can hear a very obvious echo when you stamp your feet or sing loudly, like the echo wall of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing.

Huanji Building has another feature: there is no ancestral hall in the center of the building, but it is an empty courtyard. This is unique among many earth buildings in Yongding. This is unthinkable in a feudal society that values etiquette. Therefore, Huanji Building is also called "Rebellious Building". People sigh the architectural art of Huanji Mansion, but also admire the creative rebellious spirit of architects.

The origin of the gossip structure of Yongding earth building

Why do Yongding people build earth buildings according to gossip? Investigate its historical roots: First of all, the Hakkas migrated from the Central Plains and were deeply influenced by the traditional culture of China, and the Eight Diagrams is one of the classics in the traditional culture of China, so it is reasonable to use it when building houses. Secondly, after the spread and migration of several generations, in order to survive, they are faced with various natural and social difficulties. Gossip has been used by people since ancient times to arrange troops and defend against the enemy. From the security point of view, it is not surprising that wise Hakkas use gossip when designing and building earth buildings.