Does anyone know the small tofu in the northeast?

Author: anonymous click: updated on 2004- 1 1-30.

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Northeast China was called Manchuria in the 1940s and Liaodong in ancient times. How to treat and even analyze this place and its people objectively and fairly from the perspectives of geography, history and ethnic groups? Some people in China think of Manchu or ancient Jin and Liao when they mention the Northeast people. Then let's start with the definition of northeast people.

Modern Northeasters have nothing to do with ancient Jin, Liao and even modern Manchu, no matter in blood or culture. Let me make it clear here that I am definitely not a Han chauvinist. ) Now the population of Northeast China is nearly 1 100 million. They don't come out of the ground. 99% of them are Han Chinese, and they are all modern immigrants. Before liberation, most of them came from Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Anhui. After liberation, the population of southern China from Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei and Zhejiang increased rapidly. It is not an exaggeration to say that one third of the people in Northeast China, especially in Heilongjiang, are of southern origin. Ironically, Northeasters always pretend to be true northerners, but in fact, their southern ancestry is the largest among northerners north of the Yangtze River.

The earliest Zhongyuan people who moved to the northeast in ancient times can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. It is said that descendants of the Yellow Emperor and some of their families fled to the northeast of China. The Hu family in Heilongjiang also claimed to be descendants of the Chinese people. After the Tang Dynasty, due to the influence of Buddhism, a large number of Taoist priests from the Central Plains and the South "fled" to the Northeast, which is why Taoism or its derivatives (qigong masters and dancing gods) are quite popular in the Northeast, and even can be said to be repeatedly suppressed. In the early days of liberation, it was said that the number of old people executed in Northeast China was. Today, although Li Hong/Zhi and Zhang Hongbao belong to Buddhism, they can't escape the residual relationship of Taoism in Northeast China.

Next, let's talk about ethnic minorities in Northeast China. The Khitans were basically extinct in the northeast of China, and their descendants were scattered in today's Turkey. Uighurs in Xinjiang should also be related to them. Xianbei people first originated in the northeast, then entered the Central Plains and were assimilated by the Han people. At present, there are less than one million descendants of Jin and Manchu in Northeast China, more than one million in Beijing, and the rest are scattered in Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places with no more than 300,000. At present, the largest ethnic minority in Northeast China is Korean, with a population of more than one million, 1945, and the largest ethnic minority in Northeast China is Japan, with 2.65 million people. It was not until 1978 that it returned to Japan on a large scale. Their fate is tragic. The mothers of these abandoned Manchus were very young when Japan was defeated, and most of them were well educated. However, due to the bitter life in Japan at that time (until 1965, the living standard of Japanese people was always lower than that of China), most of them didn't return to China, while in the Northeast, anyone with a little status was unwilling to marry the Japanese, so most of them married the people at the bottom of the Northeast. However, they are the most discriminated group. During the Cultural Revolution, they suffered all kinds of insults like Belarus in the northeast, because they were born in a bad family, lived at the bottom of society and received extremely limited education. In the 1980s, these people returned to Japan and were not accepted by Japanese society. Some people returned to China. Belarus with tens of thousands of people is a very special group. After the October Revolution, many Belarusians went to the northeast. They are Russian traitors, but because of racial problems, they are rarely accepted by the northeast people. Their descendants and hybrids have been discriminated against for a long time in Northeast China, especially during the Cultural Revolution, which caused considerable mental trauma. Generally speaking, the population of ethnic minorities in Northeast China is limited, accounting for less than 1% of the total population, far below the national average, and even far below the proportion of Muslims in Beijing, Tianjin and Northwest China. Historically, because the ethnic minorities in Northeast China have committed heinous crimes against the Central Plains many times, it gives people the illusion that the Northeast people seem fierce and aggressive after the Jin and Liao Dynasties, but it does give the Northeast people a wrong "halo". They don't have such a good background. Some northeastern people claim that their ancestors are Nurhachi. Don't worry, he can have one-eighth Manchu descent in Northeast China, which is a rare species.

Next, let's talk about the development history of Northeast China. The history of Northeast China is about 200 years of immigration. Before the Ming Dynasty, the Northeast probably only reached the present Liaoyang. When Manchu entered the customs, the total population of Manchu was less than 200,000, but only 70,000 people were able to fight. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 200 million people. Due to the unjust cases of Li Zicheng and Yuan Chong, a large number of Han people have been alienated. Zhang killed people in Sichuan, and the local people spontaneously helped the Qing Dynasty destroy Zhang. It can be seen that Manchu entered the Central Plains mainly because of the Han people. Otherwise, even if his population increased tenfold, he could not conquer Daming. The war against Manchuria was mainly in Liaodong and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. At that time, Yuan Chong changed the strategy of "raising Liao with Liao soil and protecting Liao with Liao soil" and trained "Ning Guan fighters". He repeatedly defeated Manchu and Ningyuan (now Xingcheng, Liaoning), and Nurhachi's 3,000 iron and potassium troops were wiped out, paying the price of his life. But 70% people in Ningyuan participated in the war. It can be seen that since the Ming Dynasty, the immigrants guarding the border have played a positive role in national defense. It is for this reason that the Manchu government stopped a large number of immigrants to the northeast in order to prevent the further sinicization of the northeast. Immigrants in the real sense began in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and the Beiyang government, especially Zhang and his son (Zhang and Zhang Xueliang), contributed a lot to this. By the mid-1920s, Zhang and his son had implemented the policy of "strengthening the army and prospering the martial arts" in Beiman (Heilongjiang), opening mines, repairing railways, building banks and running schools, and actively reclaiming land (the experience of reclaiming land in Northeast China was fully absorbed). It only took 10 years, and the northeast economy played an important role in China, with 85% of the railway and telecommunications equipment nationalized. The salary of professors in Northeastern University is six times that of Peking University, about 3,000 RMB, which exceeds that of president Duan Ruiqi. 1927 can produce motors (the most advanced Nordic equipment was introduced at that time), 1930 The first air-conditioned train in Asia was born in Dalian. All these achievements are envied by the people of China. Sun Yat-sen, the father of the nation, once profoundly reviewed: "After so many years of implementing the Three People's Principles, people's livelihood is not as good as that of Zhang and his son in the northeast." Many people say that the prosperity of Northeast China is due to the Japanese. Actually, this is too high for the Japanese. 1929, the Japanese also admitted that in less than half a year, all the shares of Manchuria Railway will fall into the hands of China. At that time, the Middle East Railway operated by the Soviet Union was even more alive, which led to the "Middle East Road Incident" that lasted for 30 years. Zhang Xueliang was eager to recover the Middle East Railway, which triggered a military conflict. Before September 18th, Japan made little investment in Northeast China, and its only "investment" was military, but later it was discovered that Zhang had cheated Japan, so he turned against him. After Japan occupied Northeast China, it did invest a lot, but most of them supported the war by fighting, and the people in Northeast China did not enjoy any benefits.

Due to political reasons, the history of the development of Northeast China in the 1920s was covered up to a certain extent, which led many China people and even Northeasters not to understand the achievements of Northeast China at that time, and they mistakenly gave the glory of Northeast economy to the Japanese. How can Zhang Can be satisfied with his grave? Fortunately, now that some information has gradually become public, we can know some facts.

Let's talk about the far-reaching influence of northeast immigrants on modern China politics. This is also the top priority of this article. Due to the successful development history of Northeast China, the political situation in the three northeastern provinces has undergone a once-in-a-thousand-year qualitative change. As the Beiyang government and Zhang's sons immigrated to the Northeast in an organized, purposeful and packaged way from Shandong, Hebei and even Henan and Anhui with a population of 3 million per year, the population structure of Heilongjiang and Jilin has undergone fundamental changes, which is a fatal blow to Russia and Japan's Manchuria strategy. Shortly after September 18th, Japanese organizations immigrated to Northeast China at the rate of 300,000 people per year, but by the end of 1945, there were as many as 45 million immigrants from China in Northeast China, while there were only 2.6 million Japanese, although they had become the largest ethnic minority in Northeast China. In the 1920s, Japan openly incited a large number of Koreans to immigrate to Jilin to confront the immigrants from Northeast China, which eventually led to the Baoshan Road incident in Jilin and alienated the Koreans from Northeast China. Yanbian area in Jilin did not exist at all in the 1920s, which was thought to be caused by Japanese immigrants from North Korea to prevent China in Northeast China. In view of the sensitivity of ethnic policy, some historical issues have not been disclosed.

I hereby declare that I have no malice towards my Korean compatriots. As a result of these tens of millions of northeast immigrants, the so-called "Manchuria internationalization" between Japan and Russia has become a mirage. In the 1940s, Japan tried to use the Manchu complex to alienate the northeast people from the Japanese in Guanli. As for how Manchu people express their views, I'm not sure, but the Han people in the northeast don't buy it. 1945, the Soviet red army occupied the northeast, and gave up its ambition to annex Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces because these fellow villagers from Shandong and Hebei, waving hoes and hoes, have spread all over every province, city and village in the three northeastern provinces, and he has already neglected them. Ironically, in the history of China, there was hardly a time when it was successfully fought from Guanli to Guanwai by military means. This last time, it was the simple and honest farmers in China who completely conquered Baishan Blackwater and went straight to Huanglong. What was there in China? No good guns, no good guns, no good government, no good army. The only resource is people.

Continue to deepen along the historical axis. 1929, the northeast changed its flag. Zhang Xueliang had long expected that there would be a war in Northeast China sooner or later. In less than half a year, he quickly moved the artillery factory and shipyard to the south of the Yangtze River, and gave all the students he trained to Chiang Kai-shek, becoming the backbone of the Kuomintang navy and air force in the future. It is no accident that the Northeast Army made the choice to change history, such as changing the flag in 29 years, supporting Chiang Kai-shek for the second time in the Central Plains War, and launching the Xi 'an incident. In fact, long before the flag was changed, Guo Songling, a general of Feng Family in 1926, tried to take the lead in defecting to Sun Yat-sen, and finally failed. All this is to avoid civil war. It's not that the Northeast Army can't fight. At that time, there were only 200 thousand troops, and the power has developed to Shanghai. Although the Japanese once gave help, Wu admired that Sun had no imperialist support, and even the Northern Expeditionary Army was fully supported by the Soviet Union. It is precisely because many young generals in Feng Department are mostly professional officers who can better understand the sinister intentions of imperialism in the Northeast and have long hated the civil war. The Xi 'an incident actually saved Chiang Kai-shek, otherwise the young soldiers of the Northeast Army would soon collectively defect to the Red Army, making the situation even more difficult to clean up. The assassination of Army Commander Wang Yizhe fully illustrates this point.

Due to the Xi incident, the Northeast Army went south for training and consolidation, participated in the Battle of Songhu and went to Myanmar. Only Wan Yi and Lv Zhengcao led the whole division and regiment to the Eighth Route Army, which should be a reasonable ending and conducive to the overall situation of the Anti-Japanese War. Yu Xuezhong, the commander of the army, is in Gansu, and even the events in Northeast China know that Xinjiang firmly controls this land in the hands of China people. From the December 29th Movement to 1940, male and female students in exile in Chongqing in Northeastern University wrote bloody books and joined the army collectively, which set off an army of 100,000 students nationwide, all of which reflected the success of modern humanities education in Northeast China. There is a movie about a female student of Northeastern University who joined the army, participated in the training of national military agents, and then was sent to Nanjing to carry out an assassination mission. The main line of the whole film is "My home is on the Songhua River in Northeast China", which is quite touching.

In 1950s, the whole Northeast became the economic and military supply base of the Korean War. From 50 to 80 years, the three northeastern provinces have been the industrial arteries of China. In the past 30 years, thousands of large enterprises have moved from the Northeast to the central south, southwest and northwest regions of the motherland, and a large number of cadres, engineers and technicians and industrial workers have been imported from the Northeast, which has greatly promoted the local industrialization and improved the quality of the local population. The descendants of these Northeasters are all over Sichuan, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong and other places. This is also the reason why many local children speak Mandarin with a northeast accent even if their parents are southerners. According to my conscience, China's industrial scale can have today's scale, and early immigrants from Northeast China contributed a lot. They treat New China well and send their blood to the motherland for free. The planned economy system makes the equipment of most state-owned enterprises obsolete and cannot be updated in time. Now the northeast old industrial zone is facing the same dilemma as Russia and Eastern Europe. This is a common problem in the system transition and has no direct connection with the people in Northeast China. Russia's population quality is not very high, and has not achieved remarkable results?

Some problems need time to solve. Now the northeast is facing difficulties. Anyone with a conscience and a good education should respond with sympathy and help, because this is a debt owed by the country to the Northeast, and they should be compensated. It is ungrateful and immoral to be sarcastic. Although the old industrial area in Northeast China seems to be heavy-footed, in the tide of market economy and peacocks flying southeast, the people in Northeast China are quite aggressive. Their performances in Shanghai, Guangdong and Hainan are quite good, and even savvy local southern businessmen have to give thumbs up. At least for now, it is mainly the northeast who can compete with southerners. Go to Shenzhen to see how many bosses can speak Northeast dialect. The local people say that Wenzhou helps (my hometown) to do small business, while Northeast helps to do big business. Even in North America, there are the largest number of Northeasters engaged in international grain and oil, clothing factories and real estate. Last year, Forbes ranked among the top 10 richest people, with four from the Northeast. This year, they are still on the list.

Next, let's talk about the character of the northeast people. On the whole, they still belong to a generous class. In college, at work, but everyone in the northeast, when they are weak, bad and damaged, can't find them. Of course, individual elements are not excluded. They are persistent in their work, help their friends without asking for anything in return, are warm-hearted and generous, have no bad intentions, and there are many student cadres. Even many southerners, including myself, like to make friends with Northeasters, because they are often sincere and human. There is an indisputable fact that among southerners, whether they marry the North or the North, the Northeasters are the most. Especially after liberation, the proportion of northeast people marrying between the north and the south is as high as 75%, and some provinces and regions are as high as 85%. In the early days of liberation, only the People's Liberation Army went south in the four fields, and northerners from the Middle East accounted for the vast majority of the millions of troops. In Guangdong and Fujian alone, there are millions of their descendants. Now, influenced by the market economy, there are more and more swindlers in Northeast China. My father was cheated by the Northeast, and my sister is still suffering for the Northeast, but where are the bad guys? Are there still fewer swindlers in Zhejiang? Southerners only have great views on the Northeasters, because they deal with the Northeasters the most and the Northerners from other places too little, and find that they are indeed our powerful opponents. Northeasters used to go to Kanto, but now the Raptors cross the river to fight Shanghai, dominate Guangdong, live in Hainan and travel to North America, which is worthy of their ancestors and elders. Did not bring darkness to the people of China. Overseas, except for our fellow villagers in Wenzhou, we are sincere and United, that is, our compatriots in Northeast China dare to fight and are not afraid of violence, which is in stark contrast to the negative image of cowardice and gentleness in the local hometown of overseas Chinese. Jong Zhang Xueliang can best reflect the quality of the northeast people. 1994, I watched an interview with NHK in Japan. Japanese reporter asked him if he hated Chiang Kai-shek. He said, "I don't hate him. My ending is so miserable. After all, it was caused by Japan's invasion of China. How can I hate Chiang Kai-shek? Yes, we have differences in methods, but we are highly consistent in resisting Japan and saving the country. " This makes me very moved. Zhang Xueliang lived up to Chiang Kai-shek and never complained to Chiang Kai-shek until his death. The friend of the generalissimo is right.

I think some people insult the people in Northeast China, hurt each other, deliberately provoke regional disputes and create ethnic divisions. I really don't understand their intentions. He is only happy when he sees China divided and his relatives and friends killing each other? I wonder if he is a follower of Lee Teng-hui, a Japanese spy. The population of the three northeastern provinces is nearly 1 100 million, the industrial population accounts for 80%, and the proportion of college students is very high. The top three places are Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, followed by Liaoning (1 full score of 4000 for college students) and Jilin (1 full score of 4700 for college students), followed by Jiangsu (1/6000) and Zhejiang (65438+). Northeast China has a vast territory, rich resources, rich talents and developed heavy industry. What's the advantage of turning this tiger into an enemy?

Zhang 280,000 troops, Lin Biao 1 10,000 troops. When you didn't hit the Yangtze River to sweep across China, you thought China was not chaotic enough. There is still 1 100 million mu of wasteland in Heilongjiang, which is left to China to feed the last 60 million people. American agricultural experts recently said that if the three northeastern provinces are intensively cultivated, they can feed 654.38+0.5 billion people in China. In fact, Northeast China is now the largest commodity grain base in China, and hundreds of millions of acres of black land are extremely rich in minerals. No wonder southerners grew up in the northeast. If you really promote the independence of the northeast people, we will. Our border is still in the traditional Liaoyang. You need a visa to travel to Songhua River, Sun Island and Changbai Mountain.

The real development history of Northeast China is less than 200 years. It is the credit of Northeast China and the pride of all China people that Northeast China has developed under the harsh international environment and has been permanently incorporated into Chinese territory. Don't demand how many scientists, generals and politicians have emerged in the Northeast. In fact, from a national perspective, how many? The people's liberation army or the national army, which army annihilated the Japanese army or the entire division of the US army? Which scientist rewrote the history of science and technology in China? Which politician walked out of the quagmire of China's traditional culture and embarked on the process of modernization and democracy? What are we arguing about? In the eyes of developed countries, we are still a developing country, even a relatively backward country. We have 1 100 million illiterates and 900 million farmers, and we still have a long way to go. In France, Air France ordered the mother and daughter from Shanghai to take off their clothes and conduct an unreasonable search. As a China native, would you say "It serves you right, Shanghainese are where they are today"? What Air France has done is tantamount to insulting my mother and sisters. I will protest strongly to Air France without hesitation and indignation. It is our bounden duty to safeguard the dignity of the people of China. Among China people, the northeast people are very bloody. In the United States and France, Northeasters who dare to beat hooligans and robbers bear the brunt, and some even are women. In addition, compatriots in Sichuan and Hunan also performed well. In recent years, it is said that more and more southerners have gone to the Northeast to do business, especially the Wenzhou gang in Zhejiang, and even the local Northeasters say that these southerners are the fourth generation of eastward travel. It is said that the Harbin municipal government has specially solved the problems of food, clothing, housing, transportation and identity for their families and children. I am very touched. Being in a foreign land, what you need is this warmth. I remember the program "Love between the Two Rivers" jointly organized by Zhejiang Satellite TV and Heilongjiang Satellite TV during the Spring Festival. I like it very much. I hope it will continue. I am proud that Wenzhou people can play the role of the fourth generation. In the future, China government plans to emigrate 500 million to the northwest and 200 million to the northeast. I think southerners and northerners will make up the vast majority of these 200 million people. Some of us had better leave a way out for ourselves. If this trend continues, maybe your future boss will be from the northeast. Do you dare to speak freely?

Any conscientious and rational China people will be proud of China's three northeastern provinces and 100 million northeast compatriots. Here, I once again pay high tribute to our compatriots in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei and Zhejiang who have made great contributions to the development of Northeast China, and to our compatriots in Manchu, Mongolian, Korean and Hui, the aborigines in Northeast China. You are the backbone of the Chinese nation and the pride of the people of China. History will always remember you. The remarks of some compatriots not only hurt your feelings, but also hurt the feelings of the people of the whole country. We laughed at them. The overwhelming majority of China people will stand by your side as firmly as I do. Those who incite separatism and create contradictions should reflect on themselves. It's never too late to mend, otherwise, you may really stand on the opposite side of the people and become the public enemy of the whole Chinese nation.

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