What is the International Space Station? What is the main structure of the International Space Station? What's the use of the completed International Space Station? Come on, everybody, 3Q.

The idea of the International Space Station was first put forward by President Reagan in 1983, that is, to build the largest manned space station so far on the basis of international cooperation. After nearly ten years of exploration and repeated redesign, the Soviet Union disintegrated, Russia joined, and the international air station was designed and put into operation in 1993. The space station is dominated by the United States and Russia, including Canada, Japan, Brazil and ESA (1 1 country) *** 16 countries. Its design life is 10 ~ 15 years, its total mass is about 423 tons, its length is 108 meters, its width is 88 meters (including its wingspan), and its orbital height is 397 kilometers. The atmospheric pressure in the manned cabin is the same as the ground, and it can carry six people. Its main structure is (1) foundation truss. Used to install various cabins, solar panels, mobile service systems and off-site exposure test facilities. (2) living quarters. Mainly used for the life and residence of astronauts, including corridors, toilets, showers, sleeping stations and medical facilities, developed by the United States and launched into space. (3) service cabin. It includes scientific instruments, equipment and other service facilities. It also contains some residential functions. It was developed and launched by Russia. (4) Functional cargo hold. It was equipped with astronaut life support facilities and some residential functions (such as toilets and sanitary facilities) and launched into space. (5) Multiple experimental cabins. Among them, the United States 1, ESA 1, Japan 1, and Russia 3. The three experimental cabins of the US, Japan and Europe Bureau will provide a total of 33 international standard payload cabinets; There are also 20 experimental cabinets in the Russian experimental cabin. In addition, Japan's experimental cabin is also connected with an off-site exposure platform for direct contact with the space environment. (6) Three node cabins. Developed by the United States and ESA, they are channels connecting various cabins, navigation and solar panels. They are provided by the United States and Russia. (8) Mobile service system. It was developed in Canada. During the assembly phase, the main facilities of the International Space Station were launched and transported by Russian Proton rocket, ESA Ariane 5 rocket and American space shuttle. After the assembly, the transportation work is completed by the American space shuttle, the Russian Federation -TM spacecraft and the progressive cargo spacecraft. The United States also plans to develop a life-saving spacecraft with lift to participate in this work. As of July 2000, the International Space Station has sent three modules into space, namely, the functional cargo module provided by Russia, the service module and the Node 1 module provided by the United States. According to the plan, the remote control manipulator made in Canada, the central truss and node module 2 in the United States, the experimental module and exposed platform outside the station in Japan, the experimental module of ESA and the residential module in the United States will be launched one after another. If it goes well, it is expected that the assembly task of the whole station will be completed in 2004. After the successful assembly, the International Space Station will serve as a means of scientific research and development of space resources, providing human beings with opportunities for long-term earth observation and astronomical observation in space orbit. In terms of earth observation, the International Space Station is superior to remote sensing satellites. First of all, some people are involved in the remote sensing mission, so when an earthquake, tsunami or fire flash eruption occurs in Bo, astronauts on the space station can adjust the parameters of the remote sensor in time to obtain the best observation effect. When the remote sensor and other instruments and equipment fail, they can be repaired to normal working condition at any time; Remote sensing instruments and equipment can also be replaced by space shuttle or spacecraft, so that new technologies can be applied in time and funds can be saved. Using it to monitor the quality of the earth's atmosphere can predict climate change for a long time. It will also benefit from the development of land resources and the utilization of marine resources. The International Space Station is much superior to other spacecraft in astronomical observation, and it is an important means to truly understand the position, distribution, motion structure, physical state, chemical composition and evolution of cosmic celestial bodies. Because there are people involved in the observation, plus the space station's location and multidirectional activities in space, as well as mobile observation and measurement methods, the functions of instruments and equipment can be fully brought into play. _ Through the International Space Station, astronomers can not only obtain important information such as cosmic rays, subatomic particles, and understand the mysteries of the universe, but also make rapid responses to astronomical events (such as solar flares and dark stripe bursts) that affect the earth's environment. ), so as to protect the earth in time and protect the spacecraft and its members flying in space. Life science research on the International Space Station can be divided into two aspects: human life and gravity biology. The research results of human life science can directly promote the development of space medicine, such as judging the influence of gravity on astronauts' bodies through various parameters and improving the research level of human brain, meridians, bones and muscles. The research and application of gravity biology and materials science have broad prospects. The microgravity conditions of the International Space Station are much superior to those of the Mir Space Station and the Space Shuttle, especially in the development of materials. As far as the special factor of space microgravity is concerned, the International Space Station can provide superior conditions for studying life science, biotechnology, space medicine, materials science, fluid physics, combustion science, etc., which are much better than those on earth, and even cannot be provided on earth, which directly promotes the progress of these sciences. At the same time, the completion and application of the International Space Station is a step closer to the long-term goal of manned spaceflight, such as building space factories, space power stations, conducting space tourism, establishing permanent residential areas (space castles) and emigrating to other planets in space.