How difficult it is to immigrate to Mars.

In my opinion, the probability that the first group of Martian colonists will die on Mars is almost 100%. Why do you think so?

We have heard a saying before that "people move living trees and die". In the past, people were forced by life and ventured to Southeast Asia to find a way out. In the era of great navigation, Europeans also looked around for new lands. Whether people are leaving their homes or looking for a new continent, they will eventually be on the earth. As long as people are still on the earth, we humans still have the minimum living conditions. These basic living conditions are water, oxygen and food. On earth, as long as the environment is not extreme, these three basic conditions will be readily available. On Mars, however, the situation is different.

At present, scientists have sent several probes to Mars. We know Mars like the back of our hand. Are there three basic conditions for human existence on Mars?

First of all, there is water on Mars. But it is not easy for human beings to drink the water on Mars. Water is very important to human beings. People will die if they don't drink water for three days. Although scientists have found water on Mars, water on Mars is not as ubiquitous as water on Earth. There is no flowing water on the surface of Mars. This is because water will disappear as soon as it touches the surface of Mars. Water either exists in the form of solid water ice in the cold north and south poles of Mars, or it is buried thousands of meters underground. In both cases, water is difficult to obtain. Moreover, scientists believe that the groundwater of Mars is very salty. This is water that can't be drunk directly. After the first group of Martian colonists came to Mars, drinking water became a big problem.

Secondly, the oxygen content on Mars is extremely low. There is only 0. 15% oxygen in the thin atmosphere of Mars. This oxygen content is like nothing. Therefore, when humans come to Mars to breathe, they must make their own oxygen. How do humans make oxygen? Is it chemical or biological? Obviously, the biological method is a long-term solution. But for the first human colonists who went to Mars, the plants that went to Mars together were their lifeline. You must take good care of it. But the problem is that plants can only survive in a specific environment in the Mars lander. When people leave the lander, they must carry enough oxygen.

Finally, there is no food on Mars to supplement human energy. All the food is brought from the earth by human beings. Humans can take good care of plants in the Mars lander and provide them with oxygen and food. Once these plants go wrong, people will die.

In addition to these three points, the environment on Mars is also very deadly. Mars has no magnetic field. In the harsh environment of Mars, magnetic field is the source of all evil. The atmosphere that causes Mars is very thin, and the atmospheric density is less than 1% of that of the Earth. If people are directly exposed to the Martian atmosphere, they will soon die. The thin atmosphere of Mars causes the temperature on Mars to be very low. The average temperature on Mars is minus 55 degrees Celsius, and the coldest time is minus 133 degrees Celsius. Cold will be the main threat to Martian colonists. Mars is not protected by magnetic field, and harmful radiation in the universe will March in and threaten the survival of mankind.

What's more, I feel homesick on Mars, and I can't go home at once. You must stay on Mars for more than two years before you can return to Earth again. Because Mars only comes close to the earth once every two years, only during this period will the door to the earth open. During this time, whether the colonists on Mars can survive can only be resigned to fate.