Topic of the same city: how to inherit the essence of Lingnan cultural tradition

"Gray carving, Manchu window, stepping on the door ……" When you see buildings with these architectural elements, you will naturally think of Lingnan architecture. Lingnan architecture is the product of the combination of modern architecture, local hot and humid climate and traditional culture, which occupies a very high position in the history of modern architecture in China. It opposes the architectural design dominated by simple formal aesthetics, but adds the factors of technology (architectural physics) and local cultural traditions. How to inherit the essence of traditional architectural culture and create modern architecture with Zhuhai characteristics is an important topic we are facing. Traditional buildings with excellent history and culture have their own advantages in adapting to the local climate, maintaining the balance of natural ecological environment, and applying and combining national characteristics. As far as its social function is concerned, it also has strong cohesion, embodies folk wisdom and can promote social stability and interpersonal harmony, but this does not mean that we should repeat and copy old buildings. We should see the cultural connotation of Lingnan architecture, and at the same time think about the essence and laws of old buildings, and pick out their reasonable components. Lingnan garden culture Lingnan garden culture includes naturally generated culture and artificially accumulated culture. The former can be attributed to coastal culture and tropical culture, while the latter can be attributed to distant Confucian culture and secular culture, hedonic culture and commercial culture, open culture and compatible culture, relegated culture and practical culture. From nature to culture, such as the relationship between high active surface of buildings, high column foundation and waterlogging, gentle roof and typhoon, wide eaves gallery and rainy weather, high wall cold alley and high temperature, dragon-shaped, fish-shaped, aquatic plants, turtles, snakes and bananas theme and decoration, plastic drum stone and sea banana, cliff waterfall and pond bureau and natural landscape. , can be used to imitate natural things. Far Confucian culture is the most incisive interpretation of Lingnan garden culture by Lingnan literati. If the Confucianism of Jiangnan Garden and Northern Garden is strong, the Confucianism of Lingnan Garden is weak. Lingnan people's disobedience and rebellion to stay away from the political center are manifested in the nonstandard beam frame of classical garden buildings and their neglect of modern garden literature and art circles. In addition, the barbarian tradition living in southern Xinjiang for a long time has created Wu Jia culture, which is manifested in the form of watchtowers in Qing gardens and the "fat" facade and simple thick columns in modern gardens. Far Confucianism can be said to be vulgar in taste, that is, secular culture, which is the mainstream of Lingnan culture. Especially after the late Qing Dynasty, politicians and bureaucrats in the north, literati and poets in the south of the Yangtze River and businessmen in the south of the Yangtze River became the creative subjects of the three regional gardens, which were manifested by the practicality of space and the integrated design of gardens and residences in the south of the Yangtze River. The openness, compatibility and diversity of Lingnan gardens are first manifested in the overall absorption of the Central Plains garden culture by the royal gardens in South Vietnam. In the Qing Dynasty, colored glass was widely used in classical gardens, which was very different from that in Jiangnan and North China. In addition, western-style garden buildings such as Chen Mansion and Liyuan, Russian-style garden buildings in Longyan Zhongshan Park, western-style planning and layout of Caonuan Park and Yuntai Park, and a large number of Manchu windows in classical gardens all reflect openness and compatibility. Li Dong (graduate of Chongqing University and Southwest University, visiting scholar of Kanagawa University in Japan, 1995, doctor of engineering, registered urban planner, now dean of the School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Guangzhou University, and national research leader of architectural design and urban design) heard that the leaders of a city in Guangdong required glazed tiles on all building roofs more than ten years ago, and later learned that this city is Zhuhai. Although many people questioned it at that time, I personally thought it was very good. After more than ten years, this design really reflects the regional characteristics of Zhuhai. However, when I came to Zhuhai this time, I found that many bus stops here are made of modern elements such as steel pipes and glass, and their styles are very different. In fact, Zhuhai is relatively close to Macao, and most of the buildings in Macao are in the style of combining Chinese and western styles, preferring the characteristics of western-style buildings. Therefore, it is not necessarily an advantage for Zhuhai to deliberately create western architectural styles. Don't turn Lovers Road into the Bund in Shanghai like Guangzhou, and don't deliberately imitate the styles of other cities. Quiet and serene is the temperament of Zhuhai. There is only one Zhuhai in China and only one Zhuhai in the world. The sameness is a failure. Qilu (Professor, School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, senior architect, national first-class registered architect. Vice Chairman of National Architectural Society of China Residential Building Professional Committee; Executive director of Guangdong Environmental Art Design Association; Member of the Identification Committee of Green Residential District of Guangdong Real Estate Association; At present, many residential areas are full of green eyes and flowing water, but if you look carefully, there must be signs such as "Do not trample" and "Do not wade" on the lawn or beside the stream. This approach overemphasizes the landscape function of the garden and ignores its practicality. The landscape of "only seeing, not moving" is the fault of most developers now, and it is also the final result of copying mechanically. Many people will ask, aren't many gardens and landscapes in Lingnan just for decoration? This is different. In the past, gardens were all private gardens, with a big family of ten or twenty people. But now there are hundreds of families in a community, and the gardens in the community are all public places, and the elderly, children and young people have to move. Therefore, developers should consider the publicity of the landscape, and do not let the landscape taste bad, so that residents feel close to nature on the surface, but actually far away. Chi Wing Chung (pen name Zhong Kui, who has been studying Yi-ology and Feng Shui for more than 20 years, is now the moderator of Guangzhou Daily's Harmonious Human Settlements Edition) reveals the essence of Lingnan ancient architecture gardens from the layout of ordinary villages and houses to the division of space, the determination of orientation and the facilities set off, and embodies the "harmony between man and nature" in Lingnan's wisdom of harmonious human settlements. The ancients often chose the places where the water was the best and the wind was hidden to gather gas, because these places were ideal choices from the perspectives of magnetism, aesthetics and psychology. However, there are few places near the mountains and rivers in the city center now, so most of us can only consider it from the perspective of "hiding the wind and gathering the gas". When choosing a house now, we must consider "front, back, left and right", that is to say, the front can't be blocked, the back must rely on it, and the front, back, left and right should be basically neat; Secondly, the apartment must be straight. In addition, ventilation and lighting must be good. Good lighting is not only beneficial to health, but also gives people a bright and comfortable feeling psychologically. "When the sun doesn't come to the door, the doctor will come to the door", and the dark and humid environment is frustrating and unhealthy; Finally, consider the "peripheral" environment. "periphery" refers to the situation of things around the house, and things around the house also have energy. Benign energy is beneficial to the owner's career and health, while vicious energy is the opposite. The so-called vicious energy has strange shapes such as telephone poles and building corners. Therefore, we must avoid these unfavorable factors when choosing a house. Taste Lingnan, starting from the mountains and rivers. Shangguan Jin (vice president of Zhongjing International Architectural Design Institute, general manager and design director of Zhuhai Hansi Landscape Design Co., Ltd.), as an "immigrant" who came to Zhuhai from the north, I want to say that Zhuhai is a very livable city. The rich urban mountain and sea resources are themselves a beautiful scenery. "Lingnan Family" is in this beautiful city, dotted with Lingnan culture in Zhuhai. "Lingnan Family" luxuriously constructed such a small world close to nature in the modern city center. Come home from work every day, get out of the elevator, open the door, you are greeted by sunshine, flowers and green grass, and then push open the ultra-wide floor-to-ceiling glass door, so that fresh flowers, bright sunshine and happy mood can fill the whole room. The inheritance of culture by architecture is the connotation pursued by Lingnan aristocratic family. Detailed landscape technology is the embodiment of Lingnan culture in Lingnan architecture. In the residential area of Lingnan aristocratic family, the "pot ear wall" with Lingnan architectural signs will tell you the legendary story of Lingnan culture; The design of harmonious coexistence between man and nature can make people really close to grass and flowers. What is most suitable for the local area is the best. Only by respecting the geographical and cultural characteristics of the region and combining internationalization with the local area can we build a house that best suits the needs of local residents. The evolution of Lingnan architecture reflects the changes of Lingnan people's life. Wuneng (Dean of Zhuhai Branch of China Architectural Design and Research Institute): Lingnan is the main road of the Maritime Silk Road and the intersection of western civilization and Chinese civilization. A large number of Chinese and overseas Chinese who have left their homes have brought western culture into Lingnan and injected it into Lingnan culture. Lingnan people have been doing business for many years and dealing with foreign businessmen, forming a pragmatic style. This is reflected in the architectural style of Lingnan. Modern Lingnan architecture tends to pursue artistic conception, striving to be like a spirit, preferring change rather than imitation, preferring the present rather than the ancient, because it borrows the environment, blends scenes, group layout and reasonable space. As a large-scale Lingnan humanistic residential community in Zhuhai, the buildings of Lingnan aristocratic family have distinct Lingnan style: freedom, agility, liveliness and cheerfulness, and the buildings humanize the laws of people's daily life. In architectural design, "Lingnan aristocratic family" absorbed and borrowed the essence of Lingnan folk houses. The most common arcade corridor in Lingnan architecture runs through the community. In order to adapt to the rainy characteristics of Guangdong, the whole community adopts building techniques such as sloping roof, with modern low-convex windows, empty fences, oversized balconies, French windows and roof gardens. The architecture of Lingnan aristocratic family follows the principle of "borrowing the scenery to blend the scenery" in Lingnan architecture. On the basis of following the natural environment, it breaks the rigid thinking that modern architecture deliberately pursues axial symmetry, and there is a height difference between itself according to the local east-west direction. Relying on the natural changes of the terrain, the patchwork freestyle layout is adopted, which not only preserves the original local topography, but also creates a number of unrestrained, lively and diverse community spaces in the "Lingnan Family", making such a super-large community full of natural vitality and changing everywhere. Its main building is concise and meticulous, with white walls and gray tiles, which is the collision between modern forms of Lingnan architecture and traditional buildings.