Why do Hong Kong speak Cantonese?

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Cantonese (standard Cantonese)

Cantonese, also known as Cantonese "Guangfu film", is commonly known as Guangfu dialect. Cantonese, the standard pronunciation of Cantonese, belongs to Cantonese films. There is little difference between Guangdong films and Shanghai films, and they can generally talk smoothly. Including Guangzhou dialect, Hong Kong Cantonese, Shaoguan dialect and Zhanjiang dialect. Hong Kong dialect is very close to Guangzhou dialect, and Zhanjiang dialect has some changes compared with Guangzhou dialect.

Cantonese pronunciation

Guangzhou dialect, also known as "Guangzhou dialect", is a typical representative of Cantonese, but Guangfu dialect itself is constantly changing and developing. Before 1949, the words used in Guangzhou dialect were quaint and less influenced by the northern dialect. However, in recent decades, under the influence of Chinese mainland's "Promoting Putonghua" campaign, the northern dialect level of Guangzhou people has been greatly improved in the past 20 years, while many authentic Cantonese words have disappeared in daily use. For example, people in Guangzhou today rarely use "goldfish yellow" to describe "orange" as they did 20 years ago; Even on public transport, the broadcast words of Guangzhou dialect are used to stiffly reading the words of northern dialect in Cantonese-for example, they will say "station" in Cantonese instead of "enterprise". There are also some mixed words of Cantonese and Northern dialect, such as "class dismissed" and "class dismissed". But this is not a blunt copy of the pronunciation of Mandarin. Because Cantonese itself has two systems: Mandarin pronunciation and Mandarin pronunciation. Mandarin pronunciation is used to read articles. Therefore, the broadcast on the bus is not blunt, but the pronunciation of Mandarin is copied, but the pronunciation of Cantonese in Mandarin. If you don't read in Mandarin, the audience will feel strange and informal.

[Editor] Nanfanshun dialect

Because today's Guangzhou, Panyu and Nanhai are very closely linked geographically and historically-Guangzhou, Panyu and Nanhai even represent the same place in history, the dialects of Guangzhou, Panyu and Nanhai today are relatively close, but many words in Shunde are pronounced differently from other places, such as "concave" [n? P] and read [ni? p]； "Eat" is not called "eat", it is called "吔 [jɑ? K] rice. " There are many different dialects in Foshan alone, such as Shiwan dialect, Jiujiang dialect and Xiqiao dialect, mainly because of some differences in pronunciation and terminology. [Source Request] The tone difference between Shunde dialect (Daliang tone) and Guangzhou dialect is mainly the difference of the fourth tone of Cantonese. The tone value of the fourth tone in Shunde dialect is 32 (2 1 in Guangzhou dialect), which is higher than that in Guangzhou dialect. Initial consonants and Cantonese are basically the same. The differences between vowels and Cantonese are scattered, such as "Shi", Shunde dialect [sü6] and Cantonese [Si6]. "salty" Shunde dialect [hem4] and Guangzhou dialect [ham4] (note: these two fourth tones are actually different). But in recent years, with the development of mass media, Shunde dialect tends to be close to Guangzhou dialect, especially in vowels, such as "Shi" pronounced as [si6] and "Xian" pronounced as [ham4] in Guangzhou dialect (the tone is still the fourth tone of Shunde dialect). (The following information source: The author was born and lived in the local area for more than 50 years, all of which are life experiences. In fact, Shunde dialect is also used in areas outside Shunde. The most typical Shunde dialect is represented by daliang town, Shunde, and there are some differences among towns in Shunde. Among them, the intonation context from the south of Lunjiao Town to Ronggui Town is similar to that of Daliang Dialect, while the intonation context in the north of Beijiao Town is slightly lower. The accents of Zhongshan Xiaolan, Dongfeng, Nantou, Huangpu, Sanjiao and Minzhong are not much different from Shunde dialect, and the accents of most areas in Panyu are similar to Shunde dialect. Shunde Beijiao and Panyu Zhongcun have the same accent. Longjiang in Shunde is very similar to Zumiao Street in Shiwan, Shi Lan and Pingzhou in Nanhai, Chancheng District, Foshan. In addition, the intonation and pronunciation of the house boat dialect in the Pearl River Delta region are similar to those in Shunde dialect. Sun Yat-sen's Salty Water Song, Shunde's Shousi Sentence and Dragon Boat Minor are all sung with Shunde accent. Historically, Shunde has produced many famous Cantonese opera actresses.

[Editor] Xiangshan dialect

Shiqi dialect is mainly popular in the south of Shi Qi, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. It is similar to Guangzhou dialect, but not the same. Compared with Guangzhou dialect, the names or generic terms of some things have their own uniqueness. Shiqi people in Zhongshan can fully understand and speak Guangzhou dialect, but it is difficult for Guangzhou people or Hong Kong people to fully understand Shiqi dialect. For example, in Guangzhou dialect, Shiqi dialect also uses "perception" (meaning sleeping), but it is generally called "Mei Jue" (Mei here is pronounced "rice" [mι]). Shiqi dialect describes a person as lazy, and there is an idiom "eat and sleep". Guangzhou dialect "Touxian" (just meaning) is also used in Shiqi dialect, but it is often called "Jin" (sound "Jin Si" [g? N si]), "thulium first". In addition, there are some differences in accent between Shiqi dialect and Guangzhou dialect, such as there is no light lip sound in Hekou characters; The initial consonant of "Xiao Mu" or "Boxu" in Guangzhou dialect is F, and the initial consonant of "H" in Shiqi dialect is H, such as: Fan and Shiqi dialect pronounce hong-sin；; . Overcome the pronunciation of kaak-huk in Shiqi dialect.

1Since the late 1970s, Shi Qi dialect has been moving closer to Guangzhou dialect because of Hong Kong opera, and many old pronunciations and vocabulary usage have gradually decreased or even died out. For example, the pronunciation of the above-mentioned combination words, later generations began to pronounce the combination words as light lip sounds according to Guangzhou dialect, and the frequency of the above-mentioned "sleeping" became lower and lower, and was gradually replaced by "sleeping". "Xiajian" (kitchen) and "Yin Qian" (Yuan's common name, "two Yin Qian" means two Yuan) are rarely used by the new generation of Zhongshan people in the old Shiqi dialect.

[Editor] Wuzhou Dialect

Wuzhou Cantonese belongs to Guangfu film, which is very close to Guangzhou dialect. Mainly distributed in Wuzhou City, Daan, Danzhu Town, Wulin Town, Cangwu County, Hexian County and its vicinity. The internal differences are very small. Represented by Wuzhou dialect, the phonetic system has 2 1 initials and 46 finals.

[Editor] Hong Kong Standard Cantonese

Hong Kong standard Cantonese refers to Cantonese used by Hong Kong officials, media and urban areas in Hong Kong, which is very close to Cantonese (the words are different, but it does not affect understanding). The local Cantonese in the New Territories of Hong Kong is mainly Wanbao dialect.

Before Hong Kong 1949, Cantonese and Hakka dialects lived together, so Hong Kong dialect had a strong Cantonese-Hakka mixed accent (that is, Hong Kong Hakka dialect and Hong Kong Guangfu dialect influenced each other in tone and vocabulary).

After 1949, the Hong Kong accent showed the coexistence of various Cantonese accents, that is, the Cantonese accents were mixed, such as "thing" pronounced as "tree" and "place" pronounced as "forgiveness".

During the period of 1980' s, a large number of lazy sounds began to appear in Hong Kong accent, among which nasal sounds disappeared (that is, n/l was indistinguishable) and W- awkwardness disappeared most obviously. Some young people pronounce "you" [nei] and "I" as [lei] and [? ] 。 Put "country" [gw? K] misread as "angle" [g? K], Guo [gw? ] pronounced "a" [g? ] 。 According to one theory, this phenomenon seems to be related to a large number of foreign immigrants. For them, the pronunciation of n/l is not very different, and in most cases, confusing the two will not bring serious communication obstacles. Therefore, when they come to Hong Kong to learn this new dialect, they often give up what is difficult and take what is easy, thus diluting some indistinguishable pronunciation differences. This is also called "immigration theory", and this phenomenon has also appeared in the evolution of desktop Mandarin and American English. On the other hand, the pace of life in Hong Kong is fast, young people ignore some voices because they are eager to speak, and the TV media does not pay attention to oral misunderstanding, which eventually leads to young people transmitting wrong information. On the other hand, residents in the old city of Guangzhou speak clearly and standard, and even if they watch Hong Kong TV every day, their accents have not changed.

However, the mass media before 1980 still tried their best to avoid lazy voices in radio and TV programs. To this day, there are still Hong Kong linguists who criticize lazy sounds many times and put forward the Cantonese phonetic movement. However, the lazy voice seems to have become a feature of Cantonese in Hong Kong, and in most mass media and singers' performances, the lazy voice often appears in the mouth of the generation born in the 1970s and 1980s. But on the whole, Hong Kong dialect is still very close to Guangzhou dialect.

English is more popular in Hong Kong. In the past, Hong Kong usually came into contact with foreign new things before the mainland. In the past, the lower classes who didn't know English spelled everyday English words in Cantonese, so English loanwords in Cantonese are very common in Hong Kong. For example, the floor coiler is called foreman, the brake is called brake, the bearing is called bearing, the strawberry is called strawberry, and so on. Many old people still refer to stamps as stamps and insurance as insurance. In addition, Hong Kong people address male teachers and policemen as "gentlemen" and female teachers as "ladies". These idioms may confuse Cantonese speakers from other places.

There is a view that it is more reasonable to take the popular "lazy tone" in Hong Kong as the standard to distinguish Cantonese from Cantonese in Hong Kong. Distinguish Hong Kong standard Cantonese from Cantonese by "English Cantonese spelling". For example, Guangzhou is called "Floor Plumber", Hong Kong is called "Kewen", and Foshan is translated into "Wen", so there is Foshan standard Cantonese. This division method is not valid from the perspective of language, because its pronunciation is exactly the same, and the words are not exclusive. In fact, before the opening of Hong Kong, Guangzhou was already using loanwords, and today's loanwords are not necessarily created by Hong Kong.

Since a large number of Hong Kong people emigrated overseas from1980s to1990s, overseas Cantonese was also influenced by Hong Kong dialect, and Hong Kong-style terms such as "Bao" (overtaking quickly) and "swiping a card" also appeared in daily language and news [1].

Besides, there are often differences in life between Guangdong and Hong Kong (China and Hong Kong). For the same thing, Guangdong and Hong Kong often have different expressions in Chinese, such as:

Notes on Chinese Hong Kong Cantonese in China

Refrigerator freezer in Hong Kong, the word "refrigerator" can also refer to the place where food is frozen in the freezer (below 0℃).

attend a class

classroom

Quality quality

Balcony arcade/terrace In Hong Kong, the word "balcony" is often used.

Air Conditioning Air Conditioning In Hong Kong, "air conditioning" is an elegant word. Usually used when writing.

Review one's books

Motorcycle electric bicycle "motorcycle" is a transliteration from English Motorola.

The word "Bus" is transliterated from English bus.

Wage labour/grain