European Garden Characteristics of Gardens

European gardens are represented by French classical gardens and British landscape gardens, with regular and natural garden compositions as gardening schools. They pursue artificial beauty and natural beauty respectively, and their artistic attainments are exquisite and unique. Gardens loved by the Western world.

In terms of dealing with the relationship between gardens and architecture, the Italian Terrace Garden pioneered the theory of the European system of garden mansions extending to the outdoors. Its central axis is based on the mountain, running through several terraces and experiencing several heights. The difference caused a drop, completely breaking away from the bland trickle of the West Asian style, and began to show the unique grandeur of the European system.

Extended information

Representative works include:

1. Italian gardens.

The tradition of Italian gardens began in the Roman era. The gardening art of ancient Rome was influenced by Greece, but it formed a clear style, composition and artistic conception. Although there are very few complete gardens left in the Roman era, its basic features can only be understood from some archaeological remains, murals and text descriptions, such as trees and flowers, planters and lawns, fountain sculptures, tree-lined avenues, green sculptures, etc., which have become Italian villas. The main landscaping feature of the garden, a feature that was later developed during the Renaissance.

2. Hadrian's Villa (Villa Adriana): Royal Garden of Ancient Rome

Hadrian was one of the five most famous emperors in the history of ancient Rome. He was born into a wealthy immigrant family in Spain and was a distant relative of the former monarch Trajan. Hadrian made contributions to the expansion of the Roman Empire. At the same time, he had high attainments in poetry, mathematics, architecture, and painting. The period of Hadrian's reign was hailed as an ideal prosperous age by later generations. Goethe once said that if he could choose the era in which he lived, he would most like to live in the Roman Empire during Hadrian's period.

3. Garden Rufolo: a beautiful garden in a medieval noble residence

Rufolo Garden is a beautiful garden located in Ravello on the Amalfi Coast, Italy. In the 13th century, it was the residence of the local noble Ruforo family, and the cathedral and square in Ravello were also built by this family. The manor was so luxurious that less than a century after it was built, Boccaccio was fascinated when he came here. There is a description of this garden in "The Decameron".

Modern music giant Wagner was also deeply fascinated by this garden when he came to Ravello. In the spring of 1880, Wagner traveled to the Amalfi Coast with the artist Jonkousky. In Ravello, he visited the Ruforo estate and claimed to have found the "Garden of Klingsor" that created the most bewildering atmosphere in the second act of his "Parsifal".

Baidu Encyclopedia--European Gardens