Introduction to Maya Diary

Diary of Maya is a book describing the "end of the world" predicted by Maya in 20 12 years, and it is one of many doomsday scenes predicted by human beings. The author is an American "Jose argus".

Dr. Jose Arguelles, an American historian, has been studying Mayan civilization all his life. Dr. Hosey elaborated on the Mayan calendar in his book Maya Effect (original: Maya factor: the road beyond technology, Bear & publishing; Published by the company).

The Mayan diaries are based on their calendars, which is very similar to China's prediction in Zhouyi. The general idea is to study the corresponding relationship between the operation law of celestial bodies and the changes of human society

On "Big Cycle"

According to the Mayan calendar called "Zurkin", our solar system is experiencing a "great cycle", which lasted for more than 5,200 years in the galactic season. The time was from 3 1 13 BC to 20 12 AD. In this "great cycle", the moving earth and solar system are passing through a galactic beam from the core of the Milky Way. The cross-sectional diameter of this ray is 5 125 earth year. In other words, it takes 5 125 years for the earth to pass through this ray.

The Mayans believed that under the action of this galactic ray, the stars in the solar system would undergo fundamental changes after the "Great Period". The Mayans called this change "galactic synchronization". This "great cycle" is divided into thirteen stages. The evolution of each stage is recorded in great detail. In his book Maya Effect, Dr. Hosey used a lot of charts to illustrate the evolution of each stage and divided each stage into 20 evolution periods. Each period lasts about twenty years.

The prophecy of "doomsday"

2012 1 2 February 21day will be the day of the end of this human civilization in the Mayan long counting calendar. After that, mankind will enter a brand-new civilization, which has nothing to do with this civilization. On this day (winter solstice), the sun will completely coincide with the intersection of the ecliptic and the equator of the Milky Way. At this time, the sun just falls in the gap of the Milky Way, or the Milky Way is "located" on the earth, just like opening a "Tianmen" for the earth.

The Mayans didn't mention what caused the end of this civilization. It seems clear that this doomsday does not mean the arrival of catastrophe, but implies a universal consciousness and spiritual leap of all mankind, thus entering a new civilization.

In 755 AD, a monk in Maya predicted that after 199 1 year, two major events would happen to mankind-the awakening of human cosmic consciousness and the purification and regeneration of the earth. According to the Mayan calendar, 1992 is the first year of the last 20 years of the last Baktu (the thirteenth) (20 years is a Unial, and the Mayan calendar calls these last 20 years "the earth renewal period"). During this period, the earth will be purified, including people's minds (this is very similar to the prediction of modern times by North American Indians), and the corrupt things will be eliminated, and the beautiful and healthy ones will be left behind, and finally synchronized with the Milky Way. This is the inevitable law of the seasonal movement of the Milky Way revealed by the mysterious Mayan calendar, just like the seasonal change on the earth.

Then, how did the earth "purify" and "renew" in the last twenty years of the "Great Cycle" from Mayan calendar 1992 to 20 12? The Mayans didn't elaborate. The Maya didn't mention or save the specific content that brought consciousness awakening and purification to human beings in their predictions, but they left only a group of incomplete relics and profound thoughts.

British scientist Newton made two predictions after studying the biblical predictions three hundred years ago:

(1) Jews returned to Jerusalem in the 20th century (1967 has been fulfilled).

(2) Jesus will return to Earth in 2 1 century.

The first item has been completed. After the Jews lost Jerusalem for more than 2500 years, they regained control of Jerusalem after the Six-Day War between Israel and Arabia in 1967. It seems that Newton is not only a great scientist, but "the scientist is closest to God" seems to be right. But Newton is not only a scientist, he is also a religious person, so it is not surprising to explain the expected future in a religious tone!

The year 20 12 has been quoted many times, among which the Mayan calendar in North America tells us that mankind is experiencing a galaxy renewal that lasted for more than 5000 years, from 3 1 13 BC to 20 12 AD. Every twenty years is a very short period, from 1992 to 20 12 years, which is the last period of this solar age, also known as the "earth renewal period", during which everything will face purification and renewal, and then mankind will enter a new era. Coincidentally, in the fifty-second portrait of "Pushing a Cup" written by China in the Tang Dynasty, "Gan Kun is recreated in Jiaokang" ("Jiaokang" refers to the Year of the Loong, the traditional seven-night residence of Oriental Qinglong), and 20 12 also happens to be the Year of the Loong.

Maya and Mayan civilization

Maya is a nation with a high degree of scientific civilization that once existed in history. This mysterious nation once lived in Yucatan, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and other places. Now you can see many pyramids, temples and some ancient buildings left by Maya in Yucatan Peninsula and some places in Guatemala. There are also many stone carvings and inscriptions like many fans. Archaeologists believe that the Mayans had a splendid civilization. In Mayan culture, there are many answers to the mysteries of human beings, life and the universe. These answers are probably in the books they left behind, and some are engraved on stone tablets and circulated in myths. Regrettably, after 15 17 years, when the Spanish army invaded, the precious books in the Maya library were set on fire. All that remains now are the remaining inscriptions and some puzzling calendars.

Maya civilization is an outstanding representative of Latin American ancient Indian civilization and American ancient Indian civilization, named after Indian Maya. It was formed around 2500 BC and mainly distributed in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil, Belize, Honduras and western El Salvador. Mayan civilization has made great achievements in material culture, science and art.

The Mayan civilization in Central America was and still is the most advanced in the field of time science knowledge. Their master calendar is the most accurate on the planet and never goes wrong. They always have 22 calendars, covering many cycles of the universe and solar system. Some of them have not been disclosed.

Three hundred years later, Steven, a young American diplomat, wrote a book "Travel Documentary-Gap and Yucatan Peninsula in China and America", which aroused people's enthusiasm for studying Mayan culture. So many people are devoted to studying only three Mayan classics, some stone tablets and murals left after the Spanish catastrophe in the middle of16th century. However, Mayan writing is so strange and difficult to understand. For hundreds of years, these three Mayan classics have attracted countless people who want to "open" this "hard-shelled fruit", but in the end they can only sigh at the ocean. Especially after the Second World War, in order to study Mayan culture, both the United States and the Soviet Union invested a lot of manpower and material resources, and even used advanced electronic computers. Even so, so far, it is said that only one third has been recognized.

1966, someone tried to translate a Mayan stone tablet on the top of Queruigua according to these recognized Mayan characters. Surprisingly, it turned out to be a chronicle. It is reported that there are things that happened 90 million years ago or even 40 million years ago in the chronicle. However, 40 million years ago, the earth was still in Mesozoic, and there was no trace of human beings at all. No wonder those religious lunatics in Europe think that the Mayan civilization introduced by Jiao Jia is "the devil's masterpiece".

Mayan characters can't even be "typed" by modern electronic computers. Their history can be traced back to 40 million years ago. It can be seen that they are by no means backward nations.

Since john stephens, an American, first discovered the ruins of ancient Mayan civilization in the tropical jungle of Honduras in 1839, archaeologists from all over the world have discovered more than 170 abandoned ruins of ancient Mayan cities in the jungles and wasteland of China and the United States from BC 1000 to the 8th century. The footprint of Mayan civilization starts from Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico in the north and reaches Guatemala, Honduras and Honduras in the south. This mysterious nation has built a surprisingly huge building in the tropical jungle of South America. Many designers of modern cities bemoan the magnificent Tikal city when computer-generated maps appear in front of people. Palenque Palace, built in the 7th century, is 0/00 meter long and 80 meters wide. The Governor's Mansion in Uxmar consists of 22,500 stone carvings, which are carefully designed. Although the roof of Chyi Chin Itza's samurai temple has disappeared, the towering 1000 stone pillars still remind people of the spirit of that year. All this makes people feel that this is an extraordinary nation.

With the further investigation of Mayan culture, people are surprised to find that the Mayans thousands of years ago had unparalleled mathematical attainments and unique enigmatic characters. Moreover, the giant buildings in chichen itza, Tikal, palenque and other places did not come from the needs of Maya's real life, but were built in strict accordance with the magical Mayan calendar cycle.

How accurate is the Mayan calendar and astronomical knowledge? They divide the year into 18 months. They calculated the earth year as 365.2422 days, while modern people calculated it as 365.2425 days. Now, the most advanced measuring instruments calculate the earth year as 365.2423 days, which means that their calculation results are more accurate than ours. They calculated that the year of Venus is 584 days, which is only 7 seconds short of the 50 years of modern people. What an incredible number this is! How did the Mayans thousands of years ago have such an accurate calculation? They still maintain a special religious chronology, with a year divided into 13 months and 20 days each month, which is called "Zorkin Year". Where this calendar came from is really puzzling.

Because this chronology is not based on the movement of any celestial body observed on the earth. Some people think that the calendar of "Zorkin Year" was made by the ancestors of Maya on the basis of another planet that we don't know yet.

The Mayans mastered the number concept of "0" at least in the 4th century BC, 800 years before China and Europeans, to 1000. They also created a 20-digit counting method, and their numerical calculus can be used in 4 million years.

Such a huge astronomical figure can only be used for modern interstellar travel and measuring the distance between stars. Thousands of years ago, the Mayans slash and burn, covered their bodies with leaves and exchanged things with cocoa beans as the medium. Do they need such numerical calculations?

The Mayan calendar can last 400 million years, and the difference between the solar year and the Venus year he calculated can be accurate to four decimal places. They have their own characters, which are hieroglyphics composed of 800 symbols and figures, and their vocabulary is as high as 30 thousand. They have exquisite carving, painting and bronze art. However, before the peak of this high civilization was born, the Mayans lived in tree holes for parties. How did such a primitive tribe suddenly produce such a high degree of civilization? Even in the16th century, the Indians seen by the Spanish on the Yucatan Peninsula full of historical sites still lived in mud houses with leaves and made a living by gathering and hunting. Obviously, the precise astronomical calendar and mathematics, the civilization and art admired all over the world, far exceeded the actual needs of the almost primitive life of the local Indian indigenous people.

This makes anyone have to ask a profound question: how did the ancient Maya get that profound knowledge? How did the splendid Mayan culture come into being and then disappear?

1On June 5th, 952, a stone tablet engraved with numbers and patterns was excavated from the ruins of a temple in palenque, an ancient Mayan city on the Mexican plateau. At that time, people only regarded this as a sculpture of ancient Mayan mythology. But in the 1960s, after people went into space by spaceship, American scientists who participated in space research suddenly realized that what was carved on the slate of palenque was a picture of an astronaut driving a spaceship! Although it has undergone patterned deformation, the air inlet, exhaust pipe, joystick, pedal, rudder, antenna, hose and various instruments of the spacecraft are still clearly visible. When this photo was sent to the American Space Center, the space experts were amazed and agreed that it was an ancient spaceship. It seems unbelievable, but it is a certain fact.

Therefore, some scholars have put forward a bold view: they think that in distant ancient times, a group of intelligent aliens with high civilization may have appeared in the tropical jungle of America. They walked out of the spaceship, taught all kinds of advanced knowledge to the Maya in primitive times, and then drifted away. They were regarded as gods by the Mayans. The profound knowledge that is difficult to understand in Mayan culture was taught by aliens. The carving on the slate in palenque is also a copy of the alien astronauts by the Mayans. When the aliens left, they promised the Mayans to return to the earth, but they didn't come back in the days when the Mayans chased them and the priests predicted the return of the gods. Therefore, this led to the loss of the Maya's confidence in their religion and priestly rule, which led to the collapse of the entire national psychology, and finally made people leave their hometowns one after another and separate. Maya culture just disappeared.

Perhaps people will accuse this view of being too hypothetical. But even if we change this statement, we still can't fully explain the mysterious connotation of Mayan culture, many incredible miracles and the reasons for its sudden disappearance.

Mayan human sacrifice, also known as "human sacrifice", is an ancient religious activity to worship ghosts and gods. In the Mayan concept, everything from heaven to hell, including everything in the world, was under the supervision of God. They think that the only thing they should do is to offer the best things in the world to please the gods in exchange for God's tolerance and care for them.

Near Itza, Chen Chi, Yucatan Peninsula, there is a mysterious sacred well with a diameter of about 60 meters and a depth of more than 20 meters. Well water is yellow and full of water plants. It is said that Maya often threw living people into wells to please the gods living in wells. Randa once wrote in disgust: "The Mayans had the custom of throwing the living into this well. They believe that these people are not dead, even though they will never see them again.

Some people throw their children in as sacrifices to show their piety. They also throw gems and other things they think are precious into the well. Indians are extremely religious about this. If this country is rich in gold, most of it will be thrown into this well. At the beginning of the 20th century, American amateur archaeologist edward Thompson salvaged treasures such as gold and jade, weapons such as stone knives and spears, and dozens of human remains. It shows that the "human sacrifice" described by Randa does exist.

The characteristics of Mayan civilization Maya civilization is ancient and mysterious, but there are always some well-documented characteristics. The following are some characteristics of Mayan civilization:

1, Mayan civilization belongs to the stone civilization, and the Mayans did not invent and use bronzes, let alone ironware.

2. Mastered a high degree of architectural technology, the Mayans did not use copper and iron, nor did they use unicycle. Although the concept of wheel appears in artifacts such as pottery and a small toy, it is not practical in real life. But it has created a high degree of urban civilization.

Agriculture takes corn as its staple food, so it is also called "corn civilization". There are no cows, horses, pigs or sheep, and there are no traces of animal husbandry. Farmers adopt the very primitive Milpa farming method.

4. Mathematics adopts decimal system, and the concept of "zero" is discovered and used (the other one is taught by Olmec), and he has a high understanding of mathematics and astronomical calendar.

5. Use unique hieroglyphics: Mayan characters.

Important Mayan ruins

Ruins of Tikalmaya

The Tikalmaya site is located in the jungle in the northeast of Peté n province in northern Guatemala, about 35 kilometers northeast of Flores. It was discovered in 1696, excavated in 1848 and opened to the outside world in 1955. One of the largest cities in ancient Maya, built on a hill surrounded by swamps, consists of nine groups of buildings and a big square, connected by bridges and causeways. It covers an area of about 2.6 square kilometers. The city was abandoned between 800 and 900 AD. 1963 started large-scale excavation. Archaeological and tourist attractions. It can be reached by plane, and there is a road leading to Guatemala City.

Tikal was the largest city-state in the Mayan classical period, when the center of Mayan civilization had moved from the south to the middle. In 292 A.D., King Jaguars Claw started a dynasty and made great achievements. This powerful Mayan king laid a solid foundation for Tikal's hegemony in the next 60 or 70 years. After him, The King of Nose Rolling and The King of Storm pushed Tikal to the peak of prosperity and ushered in the first prosperous period. However, in the mid-6th century, due to the impact of the great migration wave in northern Mexico, great political turmoil occurred in Tikal, the dynasty was in turmoil, and urban construction was once stopped. 100 years later, Tikal came back to life. From the end of the century to the whole eighth century, Tikal stood out again, and three powerful kings appeared one after another: King Akagao, King Jacqueline and King Chitan. The beautiful Tikal city seen in today's archaeological excavation was built in the era of peace and prosperity of these three kings. During the second boom, Tikal City covered an area of over 65 square kilometers, with 50,000 residents and more than 3,000 pyramids, altars and stone tablets. The affected area is 500 square kilometers in Fiona Fang, which controls nearly 2 million people. In its central area alone, there are more than a dozen great pyramids and more than 50 small temples; They are distributed around with the ancient central square as the core, as well as palaces decorated with embossed colored paintings and markets surrounded by corridors. Several stone roads on the ground connect the religious center.

Mayan ruins of Copan (Copan)

Copan Maya site is located in Ke Fan province, northwest of Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras, about 225 kilometers northwest of Tegucigalpa. Near the Guatemalan border. Copan Maya site is located in a canyon with a length of 13 km and a width of 2.5 km, with an area of 0. 15 km2 and an altitude of 600m. Copan Maya site is the site of ancient Mayan city in Honduras in 1 century BC. It is one of the religious and political centers of ancient Maya, and it is also the oldest and largest ancient city site in Mayan civilization. There are pyramids, squares, temples, sculptures, stone tablets and hieroglyphic stone steps in the site. This is a very important archaeological field.

It is surrounded by mountains and waters, with fertile land and dense forests. Copan is the oldest and largest ancient city site in Mayan civilization. It attracts many foreign scholars to do archaeological research here, and it is also one of the important tourist attractions in Honduras.

For more than 200 years BC, Copan was the capital of the Mayan kingdom and the center of scientific, cultural and religious activities at that time. 1576, the Spanish Diego garcia discovered the ruins of this ancient city submerged in the grass. The core of the site is religious architecture, including pyramid altars, squares, 6 temples, stone steps, 36 stone tablets and sculptures. The periphery is the ruins of 16 residential complex. The houses of Mayan priests are the closest to religious buildings, followed by the houses of tribal leaders, nobles and businessmen, and the houses of ordinary civilians are the farthest. This reflects the religious characteristics of the hierarchical system and the lofty position of religious sacrifice in the class society, and has distinct hierarchical characteristics.

On the hill of the square, there is an altar pyramid, 30 meters high and 63 steps. It consists of 2500 square stones engraved with patterns and hieroglyphs, and a stone ladder with a width of about 10 m and a length of about 60 m goes straight to the top of the tower. There are two upside-down spotted pythons carved on both sides of the stone steps. Maya hieroglyphics are engraved on each stone step. Stone tablets are carved from a whole rock, which is covered with hieroglyphics. These patterns and words recorded important events of the Mayans. So it is also called "pictographic stone steps". This stone step is the passage for priests and tribal leaders to climb to the top of the tower for sacrifice in Mayan sacrificial activities.

Near the square, on the steps of a temple stands a huge stone statue representing the sun god, on which Venus is carved. On the steps of another temple, there are two statues of lion heads. One hand of the statue holds a torch symbolizing the rain god, and the other hand holds several snakes with a snake in its mouth. On the hillside and the steps of the temple, there are some huge stone statues with different expressions. It is said that Itsana, the first priest of Maya and the inventor of hieroglyphs and calendars, was carved into the God of the gods after his death and enshrined here. Another altar 1.22 meters long and 0.68 meters high is carved with four priests sitting cross-legged. They are engraved with hieroglyphics, and everyone has a book in his hand. Among the sculptures in this altar, there are Shi Hu and stone turtles inlaid with black rock fragments.

In the center of the square, there are two temples with tunnels, each 30 meters long and 10 meters wide, dedicated to the sun god and the moon god respectively. There are colorful portraits on the walls and doorframes. In the open space between the two temples, there are 14 stone tablets, which were built between 6 13 and 783 All stone tablets are carved from a whole stone, with different heights, full of symbolic carvings and thousands of hieroglyphics. Of all the characters, only one looks like a woman.

Other important Mayan sites (pronounced in English only):

Altinha

Bonanpak

Caracol

Dos Pulhas

El cioro

El Peru

Ethan

Ikkun

Ixtutz

Lakanha

Lakangtun

Naranjo

Palenque

Kirigua

Saczyi

Sebal

Tonina

Uaxactun

Ucanar

Yak Kilian

Jaksa

Maya and Mayan calendar

Mayan writing is very wonderful. It has pictographic, understandable and tangible sounds, and it is a kind of writing with both intentionality and semantic functions. It is a combination of hieroglyphics and sounds. Maya carved characters not only represent a whole concept, but also have their own unique pronunciation. This is similar to the relationship between Chinese characters and pseudonyms in Japanese. For example, the word "Bakaru" in Mayan language can be written as an ideographic character, and it can also be divided into three kinds of phonography: "ba", "ka" and "la". The development level of Mayan hieroglyphics is comparable to that of China, but the symbol combination is far more complicated than that of Chinese characters, and the block is approximately round or oval. Character lines change with the ups and downs of graphics, and they are round and smooth. The main part of a character in Mayan script is called the main character and the secondary part is called the connecting character. There are two kinds of fonts, namely "geometry" and "head body", and there is also a "whole body" composed of patterns of people, animals and gods, which is mainly used for calendars. Mayan characters are read in groups of two lines from top to bottom, and the order is "left → right → (next paragraph) left → right". Mayan characters are difficult to understand and obscure, and less than one-third of them can be deciphered so far. According to statistics, a word has four syllables. Text is a square figure, similar to China's seal. Part of the picture is signifier and part is annotation, which belongs to "words".

Its system is very bold: the whole grammatical rule presents a Brownian motion in the linguistic sense, with distinct random characteristics in vowels, tense changes, subject-predicate sentence structure and so on. The basic elements of language jump wildly in the whole sentence until the whole structure is fragmented and the grammatical rules change according to the solar calendar, which has 18 months. In other words, the confusion of the above grammar should be multiplied by 18.

The calendars and Mayan number systems left by the Mayans are as mysterious as the nation itself, and no one knows where these calendars and number systems came from so far. The Mayan calendar is different from any calendar in the world. The most difficult thing to understand is that the number units they use are surprisingly large, as if they were a highly refined number system needed for astronomical calculations. The Mayans also had rich astronomical knowledge and calculated the earth's orbit around the sun very accurately. Their calendars record the cycles of the earth's movements and eclipses, as well as the coincidence and synchronization of orbits between other planets. In fact, the Maya knew more about celestial bodies than the solar system. In the calendar called "Zhuoerjin" by the Mayans, the galactic season was recorded impressively! No wonder scientists called the Mayans "galactic navigators". Since the Mayans can detect the changes of the four seasons in the Milky Way, if we can decipher the relevant records in the Mayan calendar, it will have a lot of enlightenment for us to understand the mysteries of human beings, life and the universe.

Based on our existing science, all this is really incredible. Because the Mayans may be talking about the principle of the Milky Way, and our scientific and technological development has not yet broken through the solar system, it is really a bit "summer insects can't talk about ice." We human beings are very small in the vast universe, and the astronomical phenomena revealed by the Mayan calendar really deserve our serious consideration today.