What is included in the parent-child agreement? What does it do?

At present, what everyone knows more about is personal paternity testing, which mainly determines the identity and bloodline of children, so as to clarify the relationship between parents and children. There is also the judicial paternity test, which is mainly used as evidence or to confirm a certain blood relationship. Here we focus on judicial paternity testing. Regarding the issue of paternity testing, through the following, you will have a comprehensive understanding. What is paternity testing? What is needed for paternity testing? Technology and methods of paternity testing? What is the role of paternity testing? 1. What is paternity testing? Paternity testing uses modern biotechnology and related technical means to extract blood, hair, oral epithelial cells and other human tissue samples for analysis, and finally determines A method of identification of the parties’ identity, blood relationship (mother and son/father and son, etc.). Paternity testing can be divided into personal paternity testing and judicial paternity testing. The results of the latter are often used by public prosecutors, prosecutors, courts, and departments, such as household registration, property distribution, overseas visas, and lawsuits. 2. What is needed for paternity testing? What is needed for paternity testing? Personal paternity testing requires you to provide relevant human tissue samples, such as blood, hair, etc., and provide personal information according to the situation. Generally speaking, personal paternity testing is relatively simple. Choose the client for the paternity testing. I just want to know if the child is my own so that I can have an explanation and an arrangement. However, it is difficult for individuals to grasp the qualifications, service quality and accuracy of results of general paternity testing agencies, and they have to rely on their own identification. Compared with personal paternity testing, judicial paternity testing is open and has high fees. However, judicial paternity testing is still required in some special occasions, such as inheritance registration, household registration, immigration processing, etc. So what is required for a judicial paternity test? A judicial paternity test refers to an identification that must be issued by a relevant agency (a lawyer's letter or a power of attorney issued by the court) and completed through a series of judicial notarization procedures. It has legal effect and can be used as court evidence. use. What are the specific procedures required for judicial paternity testing? The requirements are as follows: (1) The person being identified should be composed of mother, son and suspected father; (2) Adult people being identified should voluntarily agree to the identification, and teenagers over 14 years old should seek their consent appropriately. Opinions of the appraisal; (3) The person being appraised presents his ID card (or work permit), child’s birth certificate (or household registration) and other documents proving his identity and their relationship; (4) Issued by the court, procuratorate, public security department or law firm A power of attorney for paternity testing, indicating the names, addresses, ID cards, and reasons for application of the parents and children; (5) According to the relevant regulations on judicial paternity testing, a family of three often has to draw a certain amount of blood. As far as forensic paternity testing and personal paternity testing are concerned, apart from differences in purpose, the testing techniques and accuracy requirements are the same. 3. What technologies and methods are used for paternity testing? (1) Traditional paternity testing is a blood type test. Generally, it can only be done on children over 6 months old, and requires a large amount of blood samples. This method is cumbersome, painful to sample, and has a high error rate. Traditional blood type judgment has its role to a certain extent, but paternity testing cannot identify based on blood type. (2)DNA paternity test. DNA paternity testing is done through sampling of any tissue in the human body (such as oral epithelial cell sampling), and can also be done before the child is born. This method is currently the most accurate type of parent-child test - the accuracy rate can reach 99.99999%. It is compact, simple, fast, economical and practical. Relative probability of father-child relationship (RCP), according to domestic and foreign paternity testing practices, when the RCP value is greater than 99.73%, it can be assumed that the father and the child have a biological relationship. (3)SNP detection. Current DNA paternity testing uses repetitive base sequences in the human genome (STR as a second-generation molecular marker) and PCR technology for individual identification, but STR has great limitations. SNP is a third-generation molecular marker technology and is the future development direction. 4. The role of paternity testing? Personal paternity testing. If your report is not of any use and you just want to know whether the child (or you) is your biological child, then do a personal paternity test. You can provide samples yourself or go to the testing center to take samples. Personal paternity tests will protect customer privacy. , you can remain anonymous. Please note that the personal paternity test report has no legal effect and the results are for your own reference only. Forensic paternity test. If you are applying for household registration, notarization, or filing a lawsuit, you need to do a judicial paternity test. The appraiser needs to be present, take samples, take photos, and verify the documents with the staff. You must bring the valid ID of the appraiser. The report of the judicial paternity test is legal. Effective.