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Chongqing dialect

Chongqing dialect generally refers to Chongqing dialect.

Chongqing dialect in a broad sense (southwest mandarin pinyin: from Qin dialect; ; International phonetic symbol: [ts? o？ Tinxua] refers to the mother tongue used by people living in Chongqing, including surrounding counties (such as Hechuan District, Fuling District, Dianjiang County, Guang 'an City, Dazhou City, Nanchong City and surrounding areas). ), which belongs to Southwest Mandarin-Sichuan-Guizhou-Chengdu-Chongqing, is the representative of East Sichuan, which is quite different from Chengdu dialect in West Sichuan, and is also one of the most influential representative dialects in Southwest Mandarin.

Although in a broad sense, Chongqing dialect can also refer to the language used by all people in various districts and counties in Chongqing and urban counties in eastern Sichuan, there are still a large number of users of Minjiang dialect, Tukan dialect and Laohuguang dialect because of the great language differences between some districts and counties in Chongqing and some areas in eastern Sichuan.

Therefore, the Chongqing dialect referred to academically is only the language of the main city of Chongqing, and the population used accounts for about one-fifth of the population of Chongqing.

During the Anti-Japanese War, Chongqing became the capital of the Republic of China, and a large number of immigrants flooded into Chongqing. Chongqing dialect, which combines the advantages of various dialects, has won the love of the broad masses of people in China with its humor. Since the restoration of direct jurisdiction, Chongqing's position in China and even Asia has become increasingly prominent. Chongqing dialect is increasingly becoming a favorite dialect spoken in China, Asian countries and even the whole world.

In a narrow sense, Chongqing dialect refers to the dialects that are used in nine districts of Chongqing (Yuzhong District, Jiangbei District, Shapingba District, Jiulongpo District, Nan 'an District, dadukou district District, Beibei District, etc.). ) is different from other districts and counties in Chongqing in administrative division. [1] In addition, there are various district and county dialects in Chongqing, such as Wanzhou dialect, Fengdu dialect and Jiangjin dialect. Chongqing dialect here refers to the accents and vocabulary prevailing in the main city.

Chongqing dialect in a broad sense includes all southwest mandarin dialects within the jurisdiction of Chongqing.

Chongqing dialect belongs to the southwest mandarin-Sichuan dialect, and its internal consistency is the highest among modern Chinese dialects. Although Chongqing dialect has many similarities with other branches of Southwest Mandarin, some white pronunciations and tones inherit the characteristics of Ming Mandarin. In a narrow sense, Chongqing dialect refers to the "chuanhua" of Chongqing people, that is, two-part allegorical sayings or sleepy words. Seeing wisdom in humor is a special phenomenon in Chongqing dialect.

Chongqing dialect, based on the ancient Bashu dialect, is influenced by the national lingua franca, immigrants in past dynasties and dialects in surrounding areas. Some middle ancient Chinese characters are not jawed (that is, they still retain the initials kh of Tang and Song Dynasties), and the entering tone characters are weakened into throat sounds, which are more ancient symbols than Mandarin. For example, some suburbs in Chongqing say "go" as khek/qih (Qi), which is the same as Guiliu dialect (southwest mandarin Guiliu piece); Jiangjin district said that "six" is [luh] as glottic sound, with the same sound as Lu and Xiang dialect; However, in most parts of the main city, the word "six" is [luh].

Because there are a large number of Hakka dialect areas and old Xiang dialect areas in western Chongqing, Chongqing dialect is obviously influenced by Guangzhou dialect and Xiang dialect, which is harder, straighter and flatter than other dialects in Southwest Mandarin. However, there is a Min dialect area in northeast Chongqing, so the pronunciation in northeast Chongqing is different from that in urban areas in some usages. During the Anti-Japanese War, residents of Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang entered Chongqing, bringing with them Wu dialect words that are not found in Southwest Mandarin, such as "format" (Peugeot, trendy, from Shanghai dialect), "Zhuanlai" (back to Suzhou dialect) and "capable, from Suzhou dialect), which became part of Chongqing dialect. In addition, a large number of heavy industrial enterprises in Shanghai and southern Jiangsu moved to Chongqing during the Cultural Revolution, and the third-line construction in 1950- 1960 [2] brought millions of residents to Wuyu District. In the ninth district of Chongqing's main city, there are still small islands of Wu dialect in parts of the south and north banks of the Yangtze River.

Qu Shuer (earthworm), Ding Ding Cat (dragonfly), Claw Mother (grasshopper), Graves (flea), Jin Zi (cicada), blind block (frog), nest worm (roundworm), oil thief (cockroach), sparrow (bird) and Zhao Ji (bird).

Body parts series: old shell (head), blind hole (armpit) (laughing me to death! ! ), hand inverted tube (elbow), Luo Dou/Zuo Denger (both refer to buttocks, the former is mostly used for people and the latter is mostly used for pigs), and the west head (knee);

Adjective series: towering, plump (tall and fat), annoying (dirty), short and ubiquitous (short), wandering (bare), whining (soft), quacking (rare), flying fork (wild), scratching (fussing) and picking up the west.

Verb series: * * * * Come here (squeeze in), don't twist old (don't move), fight hard (feed in), click (pinch in), be old enough (bump into), blow down (chat), climb up (wrestle), take an exam (knock on the head), bump into the king (lose concentration), and get caught. Hi (eating too much), stooping/weighing/killing pigeons (finished), turning board (cheating), tracking (tickling), old foot (spraining foot), chrysanthemum (nursing), talking about Hal (trying), old tongue (losing), coming/coming (reaching out).

Others: Fake bus means (pretending), washing white (finished or gone), scratching at Wang (describing doing nothing for a day), nesting (urinating), digging claws (dirty), happy day (here), hey (very), Kakage (corner), low quack (a little) and heating up. (How much), except for taking off (hanging), gel (rubbing your feet back and forth a few times when you step on them), killing your feet (stopping while driving), creaking (rubbing), grabbing (jacking, rubbing), fairy board (this is difficult to explain, and it means a little helpless when you say little ancestor), melon (silly) and swaying (nothing to wander around) (OK? Go to school (big), sweep the skin (lose face), pull the dice (lie), fight (yes), face to face (right), be overbearing and miserable (old) Hehe (silly), take a flying white (chat up), don't do this (don't do this), be full of oil (very oily), rest (cry), and fight (send) Suosuotan (slide), debt/lift (seam), oh pee (pee), drink (drink water), tell you to sleep (sleep), eat without restraint (eat), bend the basket (coax the child to sleep).