It allows the people to exercise control over the government through elections and prevents "tyranny of the majority" and "democratic excess." The principle of federalism determined by the Constitutio

It allows the people to exercise control over the government through elections and prevents "tyranny of the majority" and "democratic excess." The principle of federalism determined by the Constitutional Convention is to implement federalism between the central government and local governments, that is, the federal government and state governments. Federalism is Vertical decentralization. Madison believed: "The power handed over by the people is first divided into two different governments, and then the part of the power allocated by each government is divided into several separate departments." "Two different departments." "Government" refers to the vertical decentralization of powers between the federal and state governments. The Constitution stipulates the separation of powers between the federal and state governments, and both enjoy the power to act freely within their respective jurisdictions. The framers of the Constitution adopted a federal system rather than a unitary system. The main reason was that the political reality at the time gave them no choice. The 13 states were all sovereign and independent political entities and were unwilling to surrender their sovereignty too much. In addition, there were conflicts between the northern bourgeoisie and the southern planters, and the conflicts between the big states. The contradictions between the small states, between the federalists and the state rightsists, can only be reconciled by the adoption of federalism, so that the constitution can be formulated and ratified by the states. The adoption of federalism is a compromise of various interests. This compromise This is manifested in two aspects: the Constitution stipulates the division of power between the federal and the states, and in order to overcome the weakness of the confederation, it also emphasizes that the status of the federation is higher than that of the states. The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution stipulates: "The Constitution neither grants the United States nor prohibits the states from exercising The powers shall be reserved to each of the States, or to the people." This amendment proposed the principle of separation of powers between the federal and state levels of government: the federal government has "delegated powers ("enumerated powers" or "express powers"), State governments have "reserved powers." According to the Constitution, the federal government can only exercise powers explicitly granted by the constitution. However, in actual political life, the federal government can reasonably derive powers from the granted powers based on the supreme legal interpretation, that is, "implied powers." .The powers granted are stipulated in Articles 1 to 4 of the Constitution. Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution stipulates that Congress has the power to make "all laws necessary and proper" to carry out the powers granted by the Constitution. This pole The flexible clause is the constitutional basis for the federal government's implicit power, and later became an important means to expand the federal government's power.官人839 2014-11-21