What are the working and living conditions in Hulunbeier?

Hulunbeier city is located at east longitude11531'~12604' and north latitude 47 05'~ 53 20'. It is 630 kilometers from east to west and 700 kilometers from north to south, with a total area of 253,000 square kilometers, accounting for 2 1.4% of the area of the autonomous region, equivalent to the sum of the areas of Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. It borders Xing 'an League in the south, Nenjiang River in the east and Heilongjiang, Ergon in the north and northwest and Mongolia in the west and southwest. The total length of the border line is 1723.82 km, of which the Sino-Russian border is 1048 km (excluding the undefined part) and the Sino-Mongolian border is 675.82km..

2. Natural conditions

Hulunbeier is a part of Mongolian Plateau in Central Asia. Daxinganling runs through the central part of Hulunbeier from northeast to southwest, forming three topographic units and economic types: Daxinganling is a forest area with an altitude of 700 ~ 1 700 meters; Lingxi is the economic zone of Hulunbeier grassland and grassland animal husbandry, with an altitude of 550 ~ 1 1,000 m; The transition zone between grassland and woodland is mostly chernozem, which is suitable for developing planting industry and forming an economic zone combining agriculture and animal husbandry with agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises as the main component; Lingdong area is a plain of low mountains, hills and valleys, forming an agricultural economic zone with planting as the main part, with an altitude of 200 ~ 500 meters.

Fertile soil

Hulunbeier has a total land area of 380 million mu, rich in resources and diverse in types. There are 8 types of land in the city, and 42 types are classified as secondary categories. Farming soil is mainly black soil, dark brown soil, chernozem and meadow soil, with fertile soil and high natural fertility.

Vast grassland

Hulunbeier grassland, located in the west of Daxing 'anling, is the general name of grassland in the four major animal husbandry flags-Xinyouqi, Zuoxinqi, Chenqiqi, Ewenki, sea area, Manzhouli, south of Ergun City and west of Yakeshi City. It is regularly distributed from east to west, spanning forest grassland, meadow grassland and arid grassland. Except that the eastern area accounts for about 10.5% of this area, it is a transitional zone of forest and grass, and the rest are mostly natural grasslands. Perennial herbs are the basic ecological characteristics of Hulunbeier grassland plant community. There are about 1000 species of grassland plant resources, belonging to 100 family and 450 genera.

Hulunbeier grassland can be divided into eight categories. There are mainly six categories, namely mountain meadow, mountain meadow grassland, hilly meadow grassland, plain hilly arid grassland, sandy vegetation grassland and lowland meadow grassland.

Vast forest

Daxinganling is located between Mongolian Plateau and Songliao Plain, stretching for thousands of miles from northeast to southwest, which constitutes the main body of forestry resources in Hulunbeier City.

The forest area of Hulunbeier City is 65.438+0.90 billion mu (including Songjia area), accounting for 50% of the total land area of the city and 83.7% of the total forest area of the autonomous region. The forest coverage rate of Hulunbeier is 49%. The total stock of forest standing trees is 950 million cubic meters, accounting for 93.6% of the autonomous region and 9.5% of the whole country. The main tree species in Hulunbeier forest region are Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Mongolian oak, white birch, black birch, Populus davidiana and Mongolian oak.

Rich in minerals

The city has developed more than 40 kinds of minerals with more than 370 occurrences. Among them, there are 57 proven occurrences, mainly including coal, petroleum, iron, copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, gold, silver, rhenium, beryllium, indium, cadmium, pyrite, mirabilite, fluorite, barite, bromine and marl. The proven coal reserves are 1.8 times that of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces combined.

Abundant water resources

The total water resources in Hulunbeier City is 28.66 billion cubic meters. The surface water resources are 27.2 billion cubic meters, accounting for 1% of the national surface water resources and 73% of the regional surface water resources. The total amount of groundwater resources is 65.438+0.46 billion cubic meters. The city's per capita water resources are 1. 1 10,000 cubic meters, which is higher than the world's per capita water resources and 4.66 times that of the whole country.

Wild plant resources

Hulunbeier city is rich in wild plant resources, with more than 400 species of wild plants/kloc-0 and more than 500 species of wild plants with economic value, mainly including wild medicinal plants, wild economic plants, wild oil plants, wild fiber plants, wild starch plants plants, wild edible plants and wild fruit plants.

Wild animal resources

There are many kinds and quantities of wild animals in Hulunbeier. According to incomplete statistics, the wild animals 12.3% in the whole city, accounting for more than 70% of the autonomous region, ranking first. Among these animals, more than 30 species are wild animals protected by the state and autonomous regions, some of which are rare animals and poultry. Among them, Cervidae is the most famous. Among the 3 13 species of birds in the city, there are more than 60 species under state protection. Such as red-crowned crane, white-headed crane, white crane, gray crane, big swan, little swan and so on.

Answer supplement

3. Administrative divisions:

Hulunbeier now governs 13 flag cities.

Yes 1 District: Hailar District;

5 cities: Manzhouli City, Zhalantun City, Yakeshi City, genhe city City and Ergun City;

Seven Flags: Arong Banner, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Xinbaerhu Zuo Qi, Xinbaerhu Right Banner and Chenbaerhu Banner.

Answer supplement

4. Population and nationality:

Population: The total population of Hulunbeier is 2,696,998. Male 1, 378,224, female 1, 365,438+08,774, accounting for 5 1. 10% and 48.90% of the total population respectively. In the population composition, the agricultural population is 1 008,527, and the non-agricultural population is 1 688,4765,438+0, accounting for 37.40% and 62.60% of the total population respectively, with the ratio of1:/kloc-0. Urban population 1.493 million, rural population1.224,38+0.000.

There are 240,645 employees in state-owned units,15,892 employees in collective units and 275,654 employees in rural and pastoral areas.

There are 64,988 professional technicians in Hulunbeier, accounting for 23.3% of all employees, an increase of 0.8 percentage points over last year. In economic sectors, professional and technical personnel account for more than 50% of employees in health, sports and social welfare, education, culture and art, radio, film and television, scientific research and comprehensive technical services, finance and insurance, accounting for 79.7%, 76.9%, 59.0% and 55.2% respectively.

Answer supplement

Ethnic group: Hulunbeier is a multi-ethnic area with Mongolian as the main body and Han as the majority.

From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the early Qing Dynasty, Hulunbeier Grassland gave birth to many ethnic minorities in northern China. Donghu, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Shiwei, Turkic, Uighur, Qidan, Jurchen, Mongolia and other ethnic groups have all thrived, nomadic and migrated here.

In the 1940s of 17 and 1930s of 18, Mongolian, Daur and Oroqen moved to the east and west of Hulunbeier League. At first, there were relatively stable settled nationalities in this area. Later, in the long historical process, they went hand in hand and made important contributions to the development, construction and defense of the northern frontier of the motherland.