Which countries are tax havens?

International tax havens include Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Nauru, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Channel Islands, China, Hongkong, Panama, Cyprus, Luxemburg, Netherlands Antilles, Netherlands, etc.

Tax havens are also called tax havens. More refers to countries and regions with no taxes and low taxes. In the mid-20th century, due to the increase of tax rates in many countries and the aggravation of international tax differences, capital began to gather in countries and regions with no and low taxes.

There are three main categories of these countries and regions: Andorra, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bermuda, Canberra, Monaco, New hebrides, Tonga and Turks and Caicos Islands.

There are many ways for enterprises to avoid tax. Generally speaking, the commonly used methods mainly include the following aspects:

1, using the tax difference to avoid tax. Take advantage of tax differences between countries and regions to avoid taxes, such as special economic zones, economic and technological development zones, etc. Take advantage of industry tax differences to avoid taxes, such as productive enterprises, commercial enterprises and foreign trade export enterprises; Take advantage of the tax differences of different taxpayers such as domestic and foreign-funded enterprises and private welfare enterprises.

Use different investment directions to avoid taxes, such as high-tech enterprises; Take advantage of changes in organizational forms, such as division, merger and new offices; Change their existing conditions and enjoy low tax policies, such as changing the nature of enterprises, changing the product composition and changing the identity composition of employees. Use special tax policies, such as three subsidies and export tax rebates.

2. Take advantage of loopholes in the tax law itself. Using the selective provisions in the tax law, such as VAT purchase tax deduction, the tax calculation method of property tax (ad valorem) is different; Using the tax law to stipulate the threshold and exemption amount is inconsistent and imprecise.

There are also some preferential policies that have no clear time limit, such as tax rebates for investment in energy and transportation and reinvestment in poor areas.

3. Transfer pricing of tax avoidance. Affiliate AG's meager profit, or its meager profit turns into profit, involves enterprise income tax, business tax or value-added tax, etc. Change the payment of interest and head office management fees, affecting profits; Change of capital contribution, withdrawal of capital contribution, etc. , and tax evasion.

4. Asset lease tax avoidance. For example, in affiliated enterprises, the equipment with good efficiency is leased to the high price with poor efficiency, and the taxable income is adjusted to minimize the tax burden of the enterprise group with good efficiency; For asset leasing between affiliated enterprises, high tax burden can be avoided with low tax burden, such as paying business tax to avoid paying income tax.

5. Tax avoidance in tax havens. Taxpayers use the preferential tax policies of special zones, development zones and bonded areas between countries and regions to set up permanent institutions, transit sales companies or trust and investment companies in these low-tax areas to transfer profits and reduce tax payment.

6. Profit-making sales and tax avoidance. Profit-making sales reduce the output tax, greatly reduce the sales price, in exchange for price advantage, and enhance the market competitiveness of products, but national taxes (such as value-added tax and enterprise income tax) are affected, which is beneficial to enterprises and unfavorable to taxes.

7. Using e-commerce to avoid tax: E-commerce refers to the transaction of goods and services by both parties using the Internet and local area network. E-commerce activities have the characteristics of no nationality and no region in transactions, concealment of traders, virtualization of trading places, digitalization of trading information carriers and fuzziness of trading commodity sources. E-commerce provides a safer and more hidden environment for tax avoidance.

Enterprises take advantage of the concealment of e-commerce to avoid becoming permanent institutions and resident legal persons and evade income tax; Take advantage of the rapid liquidity of e-commerce to operate in a virtual tax haven and avoid income tax, value-added tax and consumption tax; Use e-commerce to erode the tax base, conceal the import and export of goods and services, and avoid tariffs.

Therefore, the rapid development of e-commerce not only promotes the development of world economy and trade, but also puts forward a new topic of international anti-tax avoidance for tax systems of various countries, including China.