Who are the world-famous modern architects since the 20th century?

C. P.S department store in Chicago, USA (1899 ~ 1904)

Architect: L.H. Sullivan

C.P.S Chicago Department Store was built in 1899 ~ 1904, designed by L.H. Sullivan, a famous architect and the backbone of Chicago School, and went down in history as a masterpiece of Sha. At a time when social economy and technology are changing, he advocates adapting to new conditions and creating new buildings. Zhengda Department Store was built in two phases and completed on 1904. Its facade treatment directly reflects the characteristics of frame structure, and most of them use horizontal long windows. However, L.H. Sullivan did not completely abandon the previous architectural techniques. There are many decorations in the details of the building, a lot of iron flowers are used at the bottom, and there are small overhangs on the roof. L.H. Sullivan did not regard architecture as an independent practical project. Since the advent of C.P.S Department Store, the horizontal casement window with frame structure has become a new fashion form, and has been given the reputation of "Chicago window". The building is a cross-century building, which not only contains the past, but also inspires the future.

Helsinki Railway Station, Finland (1906 ~ 19 16)

Architect: Sha Lining

Helsinki Railway Station in Finland was built at 1906 ~ 19 16. It is a treasure in the station building at the beginning of this century and an important architectural example in the early Nordic modernism, but it is basically eclectic. It has clear outline, distinct characters and concise details, which not only shows the characteristics of masonry buildings, but also reflects the development trend of modern architecture. The designer of Helsinki Railway Station is the famous architect eliel saarinen (1873 ~ 1950). Helsinki Railway Station is a masterpiece of his romantic classical architecture. Although it has a heavy classical style, it is patchwork with Fiona Fang, so it is lively and unforgettable, not dull. It is considered as one of the outstanding architectural arts in the 20th century.

Mila apartment in Barcelona, Spain (1906 ~ 19 10)

Architect: A. Gaudi

Mira apartment was built in Barcelona 1906 to 19 10. A. Gaudi (1852- 1926), a famous Spanish architect who designed Mila apartment, is a man who dares to find another way in the exploration of architectural art. He tries his best to infiltrate plastic arts into three-dimensional buildings with romantic fantasies and pays attention to the artistic expression of plastic arts in Mila apartment design. He used his imagination, and his architectural image was strange and absurd. At the same time, he absorbed the style of Islamic architecture, combined with the structural characteristics of Gothic architecture, took a natural form, and carefully explored his original plastic architectural model.

Lincoln Memorial in Washington, USA (19 19 ~ 1922)

Architect: H. Bacon

Designed by American architect Henry Bacon, Lincoln Memorial Hall is located in an artificial highland at the end of Moore Avenue, with an area of 2,200 square meters, opposite the Washington Monument. Drawing lessons from the traditional crafts of ancient Greek temples, the memorial hall is surrounded by 36 marble Doric columns, symbolizing the 36 States of the United States in Lincoln's time. Although the plane looks like an ancient Greek temple, there are no mountain flowers in the usual Greek temples, but a group of roof layers placed at the top of classical columns. The inner plane of the memorial hall is divided into a main hall and two side halls. There are rows of columns in the two side halls, and murals depicting Lincoln's most outstanding achievements and important events are painted on the walls of the side halls. The climax of the whole memorial hall is the statue of Lincoln, which is located in the center of the main hall, just opposite the entrance. Guided by the vertical sequence from the entrance to the statue, people will feel the solemnity of the atmosphere. Later, people will gradually see the serious Lincoln statue scattered indoors under the sunlight, the layout and vertical and horizontal of Lincoln statue.

The ingenious instruction sequence forms a solemn atmosphere, which is an outstanding handwriting in the design of this memorial building.

Stockholm City Hall, Sweden (1909 ~ 1923)

Architect: R. Osterberg

In the 1920s, there was a call to create new architectural styles in western Europe, while the traditional architectural styles still maintained a strong momentum. 1923 The town hall is a reflection of respecting and inheriting the tradition. In the design of the city hall, Swedish architect R Osterberg respected the classical architecture, but was not bound by it. Instead, it combines various architectural styles and techniques in history to create this waterfront building with interlaced characters and harmonious reality and reality. Several halls of the city hall are luxuriantly decorated, exquisitely decorated and full of Nordic poetry and painting, which are considered as masterpieces of national romantic architecture.

Schroeder Building, Utrecht, Netherlands (1924)

Architect: G. Park Jung Su Vader

Designer G Ritvede is a furniture designer and architect, influenced by the Dutch "de stijl" at that time. De stijl's artists advocate that works of art should be composed of geometric shapes and solid color blocks. This Schroeder residence is a typical expression of De Steagall's artistic concept in the field of architecture. This composition, which consists of bare wallboard, simple bricks and large pieces of glass, is very similar to the works of the famous Dutch painter mondriaan at that time, just like a three-dimensional de stijl painting. Schroeder's residence has a great influence on the architectural art concept of many modern architects.

Bauhaus School Building in Germany (1926)

Architect: W. Gropius

This complex was designed by the famous architect W Gropius and built in Dessau. It consists of three parts: teaching building, practice factory and student dormitory. The spatial layout is characterized by grouping and combining according to the use function, which is independent and easy to contact. The teaching building and the practice factory are all four floors, occupying the largest area. The dormitory is at the other end, six stories high, and the canteen on the second floor is connected with the auditorium. The center of this group is the administrative department, the teachers' office and the library, which link the ministries together. This building covers an area of 2630 square meters. This combination of different heights not only creates the sense of time and space brought by the moving decorative buildings, but also expresses the organic connection between buildings. At the same time, it also embodies the design characteristics of Bauhaus: paying attention to space design, emphasizing function and structural efficiency, and directly connecting architectural aesthetics with the use, material performance, economy and exquisiteness of construction. The teaching principles and methods of this school building and Bauhaus school have had a great influence on the development of modern architecture.

Srisawat Villa in Poitiers (1928 ~ 1930).

Architect: le corbusier

Villa Savoi, located in the suburb of Paris, is a rich man's villa. /kloc-designed in le corbusier in 0/928, completed in 0/930. The plot is 12 mu, with a building area of only 20.50m× 20m, square and three stories high. The value of this villa far exceeds its own value as a detached house. Because of its important position in the history of western "modern architecture", it is known as one of the classic works of "modern architecture", which is related to all the architecture and urban planning in le corbusier. Many of le corbusier's architectural ideas were reflected in the early design of small houses. In 1926, he compared the "new building" with the old building, and put forward five characteristics of the new building: (1) column building, and the main room is located on the second floor; (2) Roof garden; (3) free plane; (4) transverse long window; (5) Free elevation

Become a transparent or opaque thin wall that can be handled freely. Savoi Villa is a masterpiece that comprehensively embodies the above characteristics, which is completely different from traditional residential buildings. From the appearance, the shape is simple, but the internal space is very complicated. It is quite different from the traditional European residence, showing the innovative spirit and architectural concept of the fierce architectural movement in the 1920s.

Germany Pavilion of the World Expo in Barcelona, Spain (1929)

Architect: Ludwig Mies Van Derro

1929 There was a German pavilion at the Barcelona World Expo, which caused a sensation in the whole architectural world. After the World Expo, the museum was demolished. It existed for less than half a year, but its great influence continues. German architect Ludwig mies van der rohe fully embodies the principle that "less is more" put forward in 1928 in this building. In his view, the contemporary exposition should no longer have magnificent and competitive design ideas, but should step into the philosophical garden in the cultural field. The building itself is the main body of the exhibition. Building space, horizontal and vertical layout, the use of transparent and opaque materials and structural modeling make architecture enter a poetic level.

The German Pavilion is built on a pedestal. The main hall has eight metal pillars and a thin roof. The wallboard composed of marble and glass is also a simple and smooth plate, criss-crossing and flexibly arranged, forming a simple and complex spatial sequence that is divided and connected; Indoor and outdoor are also interspersed with each other, without clear boundaries, forming a wonderful circulation space. There is no additional carving decoration in the whole building. However, the choice of color, texture and texture of building materials is very fine, and the collocation is very elegant and the proportion is fine, which makes the whole building show noble, elegant, vivid and lively quality and shows people unprecedented architectural art quality in history. The exhibition hall has exerted a wide influence on the architectural art style in the 20th century.

Half a century later, 1983, the Spanish government decided to rebuild this exhibition hall in the original site-Monhuchi Park in Barcelona, Spain. Hosted by the famous Spanish architect C. Silisie.

Empire State Building, New York, USA (193 1 year)

Architect: S.L.H Architecture Office

On the bustling Manhattan Island in new york, the Empire State Building, the tallest building in the world at that time, was built in just over a year in the early 1930s, with a height of 38 1 meter. It has maintained a high title for 42 years. Until today, its height is still ahead of the world.

The design of Empire State Building began in March 1930, and the designers were Siref, Lamb and Harmon. The first steel column was erected on April 7th, and the steel structure was installed on September 22nd. It was completed and put into use on May 193 1, and it only took one year and one month before and after. On average, one layer of steel skeleton is completed in one and a half days. Until the 1970s, it kept the best record of construction speed. The rapid construction of this building is inseparable from its precise steel members and rigorous construction organization.

American flowing water villa (1935)

Architect: F.L. Wright

Flowing water villa is a classic work of American architect F.L. Wright. This is a suburban villa designed for Kaufman, a German immigrant. This house is not big, with a building area of only 400 square meters. However, since its birth, it has attracted people's attention. Now, half a century later, new buildings have sprung up, but the flowing water villa is still praised by people and listed as a national key cultural relic to be protected. The flowing water villa is located in a beautiful mountain forest. F.L. Wright built the villa on a small waterfall formed by complex terrain and falling streams. The whole villa uses the cantilever force of reinforced concrete to protrude above streams and waterfalls. As the seasons change, the house responds with a "silent voice" and renews itself. The relationship between the nature of the dynamic situation of buildings and the speed dynamic situation of waterfalls is an example. When the ice and snow melt and the spring water rises, the building looks more like a group of rocks exposed from the ground, but when the summer water trickles, it looks like it.

Is to let the villa do an animal body curl before hibernation. In winter, the waterfall hangs like an ice curtain between the flower terrace that separates the northern rock and the ice surface that adorns it. The building itself is dense, real and virtual, and closely integrated with rocks, trees and water. Man-made buildings and the natural environment are in harmony, forming a contrast. Flowing water villa is not only a particularly outstanding one in F. L. Wright's own works, but also a wonderful flower in the world architectural garden in the 20th century.

United Nations Headquarters Building in new york, USA (1946 ~ 1952)

Architect: W.K. Harrison

American architect Wallis harrison is the design director of the United Nations Headquarters. At the same time, an international advisory committee composed of Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, Sweden, Uruguay, Britain, the former Soviet Union, China and other countries was established. Mr. Liang Sicheng represented China in the Design Advisory Committee. The Design Advisory Committee has discussed 53 schemes. 1947 in may, the final scheme based on the scheme of French architect le corbusier was adopted. The implementation of the architectural scheme is the responsibility of American architect Harrison. The building was completed in 1952.

United Nations Headquarters consists of four buildings: Secretariat Building, General Assembly Building, Conference Building and Library. The secretariat building is a slab building with 39 floors above ground and a height of 165.8 meters ... Its east and west sides are blue-green glass curtain walls, and its two ends are narrow solid walls. The hall is prone on one side of the building, with a concave curve at the top and side. The Security Council Conference Building is located between the Secretariat Building and the General Assembly Hall, near the river. Compared with the government and parliament buildings built in history, the United Nations Headquarters complex is special. The complexity of its function, the innovation of modeling and composition are not comparable to those of previous buildings. The appearance of the United Nations Headquarters building indicates that the modern architectural style was widely recognized in the mid-20th century.

Apartment in Marseille, France (1946 ~ 1952)

Architect: le corbusier

This building named "Marseille Apartment" is one of le corbusier's famous masterpieces. This big apartment is his first attempt at the concept of "residential unit" in an ideal modern city. Le corbusier believes that under modern conditions, cities can not only maintain a high population density, but also form a quiet and hygienic environment. His ideal modern city is a huge skyscraper in the central area, a high-rise building with a large area of green space between buildings. Modern and tidy road networks are arranged on planes with different elevations, and people live in "residential units". A "residential unit" can almost contain the contents of a residential area, and a building becomes the basic unit of a city with various living welfare facilities. He designed and built this 17-storey apartment building in Marseille, which can accommodate about 337 households 1600 people. Marseille apartment is the first large-scale building covered with precast concrete external wall panels, and its main body is cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure. After the cast-in-place concrete formwork was removed, the surface was not treated, leaving the concrete with rough traces of manual operation exposed, showing a rough, primitive and simple artistic effect, which was later regarded as the "laurel" of the ancestor of barbarism.

France Langxiang Church (1950 ~ 1953)

Architect: le corbusier

The church designed by le corbusier was built in 1953. One has been talking about the formal beauty of geometric composition, advocating the use of new technology to meet new functions and create new forms of "modern architecture". In the practice of architectural creation, he followed the direction of rationalism, but designed a strange building that shook. This is a small Catholic church in the mountains. It has broken through all the forms of the Catholic Church for thousands of years, its shape is distorted and chaotic, its deformation is extraordinary, it is grotesque and mysterious, and it stands like a rock on a hill surrounded by mountains and is regarded as a holy place. Langxiang Church is the most striking work designed by le corbusier after World War II. It represents the change of le corbusier's creative style and has a great influence on the development of western "modern architecture".

West Graham Mansion, new york, USA (1954 ~ 1958)

Architect: Ludwig Mies Van Derro

New york Seagram Mansion is built on the 40th floor of 1954 ~ 1958, with a height of158m. The designers are famous architects Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and philip johnson.

In the 1950s after World War II, the tendency to pay attention to exquisite technology occupied a dominant position in the western architectural circles. Smith's pursuit of pure, transparent and accurate steel and glass boxes is regarded as the representative of this tendency. The West Graham Tower is a typical example of this trend.

The main body of the building is an upright cuboid. Except for the ground floor and the top floor, the curtain wall of the building is straight up and down and unified. The window frame is made of steel, and a copper bar with I-section protrudes from the wall, which increases the concave-convex feeling and vertical upward momentum of the wall. The details of the whole building have been carefully scrutinized, concise and meticulous, highlighting the aesthetic quality of materials and techniques. In the early 1920s, the Gramm Tower realized Smith's skyscraper idea, which is considered as one of the classic works of modern architecture.