Has Sanmenxia Reservoir been put into use?

More than 60 years ago, People's Republic of China (PRC), led by China Producers Party, built Sanmenxia Dam, the first dam of the Yellow River in Wan Li. Since then, the great achievements in engineering construction and application have made Sanmenxia Dam a "national heavyweight" to ensure the An Lan of the Yellow River. Today, Sanmenxia and Guxian water control projects are still the backbone projects of the Yellow River flood control and disaster reduction system and the water and sediment regulation system, and they are important "chess pieces" in the whole Yellow River flood control reservoir dispatching group.

Review of advantages and disadvantages of Sanmenxia water control project;

Impact of Typical Dams on Ecological Environment

Sanmenxia is the first dam built by New China on the Yellow River, and it is a famous dam. This is not because of its superb construction technology, nor because of its flood control and power generation benefits, but because it has been condemned by all walks of life for the dam. There is almost no mention of Sanmenxia in the propaganda that criticizes the dam now. All anti-dam people in the world will take Sanmenxia as a concrete example of the impact of the dam on the ecological environment.

Sanmenxia Dam is a failure in dam construction, not only in China, but also in the whole world. It's only been more than a year since the dam was built, and the siltation in the reservoir area and upstream has begun to threaten the safety of important cities in the upstream. Later, after many studies and reforms. Only from the initial design of "water storage and sediment retention" to "flood detention and sediment discharge" and finally to the present "water storage and sediment discharge".

Second, the fault of Sanmenxia is not the fault of the dam.

When people from all walks of life deeply reflect on Sanmenxia project, it often comes down to people's lack of understanding of the environmental problems that may be caused by dams in the early stage of hydropower construction in China. Actually, it's not. Dams are the product of the gradual evolution of human civilization. In the struggle between man and nature, people have built dams for thousands of years. Modern dam-building technology is a summary of thousands of years of engineering practice. In the long-term social practice, people have had enough understanding of various problems that may be caused by dams.

The famous Dujiangyan water conservancy project in China (which is also inseparable from the role of the dam) has been successfully applied for thousands of years. By the beginning of the 20th century, thousands of large, medium and small dams had been built in the world, and people's understanding of dam construction had reached a quite perfect level. However, Sanmenxia, which was built in the 1950s, encountered everything. The fundamental reason is not the problem of the dam itself, but the political lesson caused by the political environment at that time.

Third, we should evaluate Sanmenxia historically and objectively.

The social and ecological problems of dam construction are mainly manifested in three aspects: immigration, sediment and biodiversity. Because there is Hukou Waterfall on the Yellow River upstream of Sanmenxia Dam, the influence of Sanmenxia Dam on fish migration is not obvious. The immigration problem in Sanmenxia highlights the characteristics of the development and change of China's social form.

In the era of eliminating the private economy, there seems to be no special difficulty in resettlement. So the resettlement problem at that time did not attract enough attention. So that when China gradually entered the market economy, the immigration problem has been intertwined with the complex problem of rural collectivization to market economy. It can be said that there are still many historical issues to be dealt with. These problems are essentially a part of China's "three rural issues", and their ultimate and thorough solution needs the reform of the national political and economic system and the development of the national economy.

On the problem of sediment, the failure of Sanmenxia project is mainly manifested in the failure to achieve the main purpose of its original design. Its negative effects are mainly manifested in; After the dam raised the water level, it slowed down the flow velocity, accelerated the sedimentation in the upper reaches and aggravated the flood in the upper reaches of Weihe River.

The reconstructed Sanmenxia has been running safely for decades, bringing comprehensive social benefits such as flood control, ice prevention, power generation, water supply and irrigation to the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Objectively speaking, the Yellow River has never burst its banks since liberation, and the Sanmenxia Dam is absolutely indispensable. Without Sanmenxia, no one can guarantee An Lan in the lower reaches of the Yellow River for decades.

Four, the advantages and disadvantages of dam demolition

After the completion of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, it replaced the flood control function of Sanmenxia. At this time, the role of Sanmenxia dam in "flood relocation" has become history, which is followed by various speculations about the future fate of Sanmenxia dam. In order to alleviate the flood disaster in the upper reaches of Weihe River, Sanmenxia's stay has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life.

Sanmenxia, born at an untimely time, was originally a deformed child of political romanticism. After half a century of hardships, it once again encountered criticism from a group of romantics under the banner of ecology. I hope everyone will evaluate Sanmenxia's merits and demerits realistically, and don't make mistakes again and again, creating some social effects.

Yellow River Network-Strengthening Responsibility and Building a "Happy River"