Contents of Sun Yat-sen's handwritten newspaper

In the modern history of China, Chen Jiongming is an all-powerful figure and a controversial figure.

In the impression of ordinary people, Chen Jiongming is a reactionary warlord who betrayed Sun Yat-sen. One of his evidences is the shelling of the presidential palace on June 1922, which forced Sun Yat-sen to flee Shanghai in disguise.

However, today, if we don't respect historical facts, make an objective investigation of historical events under the corresponding historical conditions, or simply use feudal charges such as "disorderly officials and thieves", "crime", "killing the Lord" and "perverting morality" as the final conclusion, it will really not help to correct this old historical account again. ...

1In June, 894, Sun Yat-sen tasted Li Shang's Fragrant Book and put forward many reform suggestions, but Li Hongzhang refused.

Disappointed, he went to Maui, Honolulu on June 24th 165438, intending to raise funds to create the first revolutionary organization in his life-Xingzhonghui, and put forward the slogan of "expelling the Tatars, restoring China, and establishing a United front", aiming at "rejuvenating China" and paving the way for his revolutionary cause with full thoughts.

1895, Sun Yat-sen went to Hong Kong to meet his old friends Lu, Zheng Shiliang and others.

On February 12 of the same year, Sun Yat-sen formally established the "Hong Zhong Hometown Association" at Stanton Street 13 in Central.

At that time, Yang, Xie Zutai and others had already established "Fu Ren Wen She" with the aim of "enlightening the people and transforming China".

Because of similar occupations, Sun Yat-sen approached Fu Jen Literature Society, and others readily agreed to merge the whole society into the society.

Later, we rented a place in the general meeting under the name of "Gan Hengxing".

On February 20th of the same year, Sun Yat-sen mentioned in a public speech at the University of Hong Kong that his revolutionary thoughts originated in Hong Kong.

[1] 1895 February 2 1 day (the 27th day of the first month), the Zhong Xing Association was formally established in Hong Kong. All the participants swore to "expel the Tatars, restore China, establish the Republic of China, and have equal land rights" and elected Yang as president.

/kloc-in March of 0/6 (February 20th of the lunar calendar), the first meeting of cadres decided to take Guangzhou as the base area, adopt the * * * flag designed by Lu as the flag of the rebel army, and then carry out various activities according to the division of labor.

At that time, Qu Yun presided over the rear support work, and Sun Yat-sen presided over the task of attacking the front.

So he entered Guangzhou, founded the peasant association as an organ, and widely recruited comrades, and designated 65438+1October 26 (Double Ninth Festival) as the uprising day.

However, the uprising ended in failure because of leaks in advance.

Lu and other important members were arrested and sentenced, while Sun Yat-sen was wanted by the Qing court, deported by the Hong Kong authorities and exiled overseas.

In June of the same year165438+1October, Sun Yat-sen avoided the sun, cut off his braid and put on a suit.

1896 At the beginning of this year, he arrived in Hawaii with his wife and children, and then turned to the United States, hoping to develop the Xinghua Club and raise money among overseas Chinese living in the United States.

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/896, Sun Yixian was cut off and relocated. 1In the autumn of 896, Sun Yat-sen was transferred to London, England, where he was arrested by Qing court agents and entered the China Embassy, which became an international event.

This incident was later called "kidnapped in London", and Sun Yat-sen was invited to write a book in English to describe his experience, which made him famous.

1897, Sun Yat-sen went to Japan via Canada.

I first met Miyazaki Yinzang and Hirayama Zhou, and later became a long-term supporter of Sun Yat-sen; Through Peace Mountain in Miyazaki Hayao, Sun Yat-sen got to know Japanese military, political and gang members, including Inukai Tsuyoshi, Sakamoto Shigeyoshi, Yamada Masayoshi and others. And once contacted Liang Qichao and other royalists.

1900, the Boxer Rebellion attracted Eight-Nation Alliance. Sun Yat-sen took the opportunity to contact Li Hongzhang, then governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, hoping to plan the independence of the southern provinces and establish a United States similar to the United States. Li Hongzhang also promised to meet him.

But with the help of Japanese friends, I found that everything was just a trap of the Qing court.

Then Li Hongzhang went to Beijing to coordinate the treaty, and the meeting ended without results.

In September of the same year, Sun Yat-sen, his Japanese friends and the backbone of the former Zhong Xing Association went to Hong Kong. After being banned from entering China, he was transferred to Taiwan Province Province, where Japanese officials promised to support the Guangdong Uprising (known as Huizhou Sanzhoutian Uprising in history).

Later, due to the temporary change of Japanese official attitude, the uprising failed and Sun Sui returned to Japan.

1in the summer of 903, since Sun Yat-sen opened the revolutionary military academy in Castle Peak, Japan, he once again made "expelling Tatars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and averaging land rights" as a revolutionary oath.

In September of the same year, Sun Yat-sen went to Honolulu again, hoping to develop the revolution among overseas Chinese.

1904 At the beginning, Sun Yat-sen joined Hong Men in Honolulu and became a public servant.

In the same year, he went to the United States and was detained by the US Immigration Service in San Francisco.

After that, he was released on bail in San Francisco and hired a lawyer before being sent back to China.

Then, he went to the east coast of the United States to seek overseas Chinese to support the revolution, and made his first foreign declaration in new york, hoping to win the support and goodwill of foreigners for the revolution, but it did not achieve great results.

At the end of the year, she was sponsored by China students studying in Europe, moved to Europe, carried out revolutionary propaganda among China students in London, Paris and Brussels, and raised money from them.

1905, Sun Yat-sen went to the Far East again and arrived in Yokohama, Japan in July.

Under the introduction of Miyazaki Inzo, he met Huang Xing and began to plan to unite various revolutionary organizations.

1In August, 905, Japanese Uchida Ryohei joined Sun Yat-sen's "Zhong Xing Club", Huang Xing's "Hua Xing Club", Cai Yuanpei's "Patriotic Club" of Wu Jingheng and Zhang Ji's "Youth Club" to form the "China Alliance Club" in Tokyo, Japan.

Sun Yat-sen was promoted to the position of Prime Minister of the League, and once again defined "expelling the Tatars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China and sharing land rights" as the revolutionary program, and reorganized the organ newspaper of the Huaxing Association, Twentieth Century Ji Zhina, into People's Daily.

He first put forward the theory of "Three People's Principles" in Preface, that is, "national character, civil rights character and people's livelihood character", and had a fierce debate with reformists such as Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei.

Then, the General Program of the League Revolution was compiled, and the national revolution was officially declared. Citing four vows, the Republic of China was established, and three procedures were set up: military law rule, contract law rule and constitutional rule.

1906, Sun Yat-sen went from France to Japan, stopped in Singapore, and returned to Singapore after his arrival.

In June of the same year, Sun Yat-sen presided over the establishment of the Singapore branch of the League in Zhongshan Garden, and Singapore became the activity center of the Nanyang revolutionaries.

1907 Sun Yat-sen was asked by the Qing court to leave Japan for 15000 yuan.

Sun Yat-sen left Japan in March after collecting money.

Because this matter has not been discussed within the alliance, it has caused division within the alliance.

After Sun Yat-sen went to Nanyang, with the support of Hu and Wang Jingwei, he set up the headquarters of the League in Nanyang.

From July 1907 to July191,Sun Yat-sen repeatedly instructed other revolutionary comrades to launch uprisings all over the country (see Chronology of Uprising), and even personally went to Guangxi to preside over the Zhennanguan Uprising, which was finally refused entry by the French authorities. It was not until the success of the Revolution of 1911 that he set foot on the land of China again.

During the period from 1909 to 19 1 1, Sun Yat-sen spent most of his time on the road, planning revolutionary funds and foreign support for overseas Chinese and students many times, but his income was extremely limited.

At the same time, the League and its surrounding organizations expanded rapidly, and on June 5438+09 10, 1000, the American General Association of the League was established, hoping to attract more overseas Chinese to participate in the revolution.

It was not until the Wuchang Uprising of 19 1 1, 10 (the 19th day of the eighth lunar month) that the revolution achieved its first success. On the same day, Wuhan was recovered, and comrades from all provinces responded in succession.

According to statistics, there were 29 revolutionary uprisings from 1894 to191. In fact, the Wuchang Uprising of 19 1 1 was planned by * * and Hubei New Army Revolutionary Group Literature Society * *.

According to Phoenix Weekly, Sun Yat-sen was still working in Huadian Town (now translated as Denver) in Colorado, so he didn't know, so in Sun Yat-sen's words: "Wuchang's contribution is in.