How many people are there in Zheng?

According to historical records, as early as 500 thousand years ago, our ancestors worked and lived in today's western and southern Henan, and began to create the civilization of the Chinese nation. /kloc-0 In August, 978, an ape-man molar tooth fossil was found in Yunyang Town, nanzhao county, Henan Province, which is equivalent to the age of Peking ape-man fossil. Early, middle and late Paleolithic sites have been found in Shuimogou, Sanmenxia, Zhangjiawan, Lingbaomeng, Rencun, Mianchi and Xiaonanhai in the suburbs of Anyang. In the Neolithic Age, Henan has become the main activity area of the Chinese nation. Neolithic sites have been found in Yangshao Village in Mianchi County, Miaodigou Village in Shaanxi County, Lingbaowan Village in Anyang Taigang, Shui Gu River in Yuxian County, Dahe Village in Zhengzhou, Erligang and other places, which is one of the birthplaces of ancient civilization in China.

In addition, Pei Ligang in Xinzheng County also excavated Pei Ligang site, and the Yin ruins excavated in Zhengzhou and Anyang City were the capitals of Shang Dynasty. All these prove that before Shang Dynasty, the population of Huanshui (Anyang) basin, basin, Yi, Luohe plain and Nanyang basin in Henan Province was relatively concentrated. After the Shang, Zhou and Qin Dynasties, it spread to the eastern Henan plain, including today's Henan area, and became a densely populated area in ancient China. During the 600 years from the second year of the Western Han Dynasty (AD 2) to Yang Di (AD 609), the population of Henan accounted for about one fifth of the national population. After the sixth year of Song Chongning (A.D. 1 102), due to the influence of war and various natural disasters, a large number of people moved southward, and the population decreased year by year. It only accounted for about 6% of the national population at that time. The population problem is closely related to the economic, cultural and social development of a region. Due to the concentration of population and the fact that Henan is located in the Central Plains, it is a strategic place in ancient times, and the wars are endless, thus forming the law of population migration from the Central Plains to the south in history.

Second, the ancestral roots of Fujian and Taiwan are mainly in the Central Plains.

The origin of ancestral roots in Fujian and Taiwan has attracted the attention of scholars in Fujian, Taiwan and Henan. In recent years, relevant departments and some comrades have conducted investigations and studies. And published some articles in newspapers and magazines. For example, Professor Huang Diancheng of Xiamen University pointed out in an article in Henan Daily: "The ancestral roots of Taiwan Province compatriots were in Fujian 500 years ago and in Gushi 1300 years ago. There were four population exchanges between Fujian and the Central Plains, and many Gushi people migrated to Fujian to reproduce. So far, the genealogies of Taiwan Province Province and Minnan, Chen, Lin, Huang and Zheng are also clearly recorded, and their ancestral home is Gushi people in Gwangju, Henan. Mr. Zhou Bingteng of Guangdong also intends to prove that his native place is Gushi, Gwangju, Henan. Its genealogy reads: "Ren Degong was originally from Gushi County, Runing Prefecture, Henan Province. His ancestors moved to Shibi Township, Ninghua County, Tingzhou, Fujian with the Song Dynasty. Ancestors are still longer than ninghua. Song society will be in danger, so my son should take care of Changle County (now Wuhua County, Guangdong Province) as soon as possible. It shows that their ancestors moved from Gushi County, Henan Province to Ninghua County, Fujian Province at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. On the eve of the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, he moved to Wuhua County, Guangdong Province. Finally moved to Huian county.

Mr. Ou Tansheng also consulted a lot of materials and studied the ancestral roots of Fujian and Taiwan. He confirmed that his ancestral home was in Henan by statistical analysis of the records and ethnic articles of Tongzhi people in Taiwan Province Province. For example, in the Jin Dynasty, due to years of war in the Central Plains, the population moved southward. Those who entered Fujian from the Central Plains were: Lin, Huang, Zhang, Liu, Zheng, Qiu, He, Zhan, Liang, Zhong, Wen and Wu, with the surname of * * *13; In the early Tang Dynasty, they entered Fujian with Chen, Zhang, Li, Wang, Wu, Cai, Yang, Xu, Zheng, Guo, Zhou, Liao, Xu, Zhuang, Jiang, He, Xiao, Luo, Gao, Shen, Ke, Shi, Lu, Yu, Pan, Wei, Yan, Zhao and Fang. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, forced by the Huang Chao Rebellion, Wang Xu, a captain of the Han nationality in Gushi, Gwangju, Henan Province, tried with Wang Chao, the county chief, and his younger brother. Headed by Shen Zhi, they moved to the home of a local family in the south. From southeast Henan to Jiangxi via Anhui and into Fujian. At that time, Wang joined Fujian with Chen, Zhang, Li, Wang, Wu, Cai, Yang, Zheng, Xie, Guo, Cao, Zhou, Liao, Zhuang, Su, He, Gao, Shen, Lu, Sun, Fu, Huang, Bi and Han. Through the investigation of some genealogies in Taiwan Province Province, it is found that there are 18 surnames in Gushi County. Such as, Hu Qiulin, Banqiao Wang, Huang Shenkeng, Taipei Zhang, Tainan Li, and Foer Shanzhan. Comrade Lu also pointed out: "Chen's ancestral home was in Qingyang, Kaifeng. Lin's ancestral home is in Jixian County on the north bank of the Yellow River. Huang was born in Huangchuan County, Xinyang District, Henan Province. At that time, Gushi people from Gwangju entered Fujian, and most of them had no families. Of course, they must find local people as spouses. Because Fujian is mountainous and barren, life is difficult, and the only way out is to develop outward. Many Fujian people have been to Taiwan Province Province in history. 1957 Taiwanese census data showed that when there were more than 500 compatriots in Taiwan Province Province, there were 100 surnames, among which 63 surnames recorded that their ancestors moved to Fujian from the Central Plains in the late Jin Dynasty, early Tang Dynasty or late Tang Dynasty, and there were 670,500 surnames. Account for 80.9% of that total households in Taiwan Province province. In the existing county annals of Taiwan Province Province, the discussion about the ancestral home of Taiwanese and Fujian in Henan Province also appears constantly. For example, the "Huqiulin Genealogy" in Taipei County: "The ancestors were Gushi people, and the ancestors were Tang Ichiro. In the seventh year, Tang Guang moved to Yongchun, Fujian ... It was not until the Ming Dynasty that he was separated from Tiger Hill in Anxi. Li Family Tree in Tainan County: "The ancestor of Gushi people in Gwangju. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, he entered Fujian with Wang Chao. "xinzhuang town Hongru Cai's Genealogy" says: "Ancestors lived in Gushi, Gwangju. After Tang Wu, he hung his arch for two years and entered Fujian from Chen Yuanguang. The ancestral home of the national hero Zheng Chenggong is also Gushi County, Henan Province. "Zheng Chenggong's Epitaph": "Yi Cheng, the word is clear and strict, the name is Dalin, and the surname is Zheng. The ancestors entered Fujian from Zhougushi County. " Mr. Zhan Xifu, Chairman of Taiwan Province Xinglong Trading Co., Ltd. said: "At present, there are more than 654.38 million members of Zhan's cult in Taiwan Province Province. After the 96th century. " In addition, "Heluo people" also moved out from Yihe and Luohe basins, tributaries of the Yellow River in Henan Province.

There are roughly three routes for mainland Han people to move into Fujian: one is to go eastward along the present Longhai Railway to today's beijing-shanghai railway. From Zhejiang coast (Wenzhou, etc. ) to the northeast of Fujian (such as Fuding County); The second is from Gwangju, Gushi, Henan to Anhui to Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Re-enter western Fujian; Third, from the Beijing-Guangzhou railway south to the coastal hills of eastern Guangdong, it enters Longyan and Zhangzhou areas in southwestern Fujian. These three routes are mainly the second and third routes. Then, why did the ancient Zhongyuan people move south and how many times did they migrate?

Third, the brief history of the ancient Central Plains Han people moving to Fujian and its reasons.

1. According to the published articles, most people think that there have been four great migrations in Fujian and Henan. For example, Mr. Huang Diancheng thinks: "There were four major population exchanges between Fujian and the Central Plains". Lu also believes that "the population of Fujian and Henan migrated four times (once in the Western Han Dynasty, once in the Western Jin Dynasty and twice in the Tang Dynasty)". Comrade Ou Tansheng thinks: "There were four major population exchanges between Fujian, Taiwan and Henan: the first time, after Liang Wudi put down the rebellion of the rulers of Fujian and Vietnam, he" tried his best to emigrate between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River to empty his space "(see Historical Records and Fujian Tongzhi); The second time was the Jin Dynasty, Yongjia Rebellion, in which "people dressed like eight Fujian families" (see "Three Mountains Record"); The third time was in the third year of the Tang Dynasty. Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang, from Gushi, Henan Province, led fifty-eight military academies to open Zhangzhou County (see: Zhangzhou Annals of Fujian and Gwangju Annals of Henan Province). The fourth time was the King of the Tang Dynasty. Wang Chao and Wang Brothers from Gushi, Henan Province led tens of thousands of peasant rebels to occupy Fujian.

Later, Fujian was established (see History of Tongzhi between Wang and Fujian). In these four times, the third and fourth southward migration had the largest population and the greatest influence, and they were all headed by Gushi people in Henan. Wang Qi said: "Most ancestors of Fujian and Guangdong people migrated from the Central Plains in history. Among them, the two largest, best organized and most far-reaching immigrants were in the Tang Dynasty. Its leaders are father and son and brother Wang, both of whom are Gushi people, and most of their subordinates belong to Gushi County. " . In fact, after the immigration in the Tang Dynasty, there were also small-scale immigrants to Fujian in the Song Dynasty. The ancestors of Chen Jiageng, a famous patriotic overseas Chinese and founder of Xiamen University, moved to Fujian from Gushi at the end of the Song Dynasty. Yan Siqi, a native of Haideng, Zhangzhou, Fujian, and Zheng Zhilong, the father of Zheng Chenggong, a native of Nan 'an, Quanzhou, contributed the most to the development of Taiwan Province Province in this period. Among the Han people in Tainan, Quanzhou is the majority. Later, Zhangzhou people also moved in in large numbers. Generally speaking, during the reign of Zheng Chenggong in the Ming Dynasty, three generations lived for 23 years. About 250,000 people came to Taiwan for farming. Most of them are from southern Fujian.

2. The main reasons why Central Plains people moved to Fujian and Guangdong were war and natural disasters. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and the end of Northern Song Dynasty were two periods of great population migration in the history of China, and it was also the main period of great population migration in Henan.

The first great population migration was in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (AD 220-589). The great migration in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, with its long time, large number of people and wide geographical scope, is rare in the history of China. This period lasted for 400 years. After the "Three Kingdoms Controversy", "Eight Kings Rebellion" and "Yongjia Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty, the invasion of northern minorities in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and other natural disasters, the population in the north decreased sharply. During this period, the Central Plains region with Henan as the center was in war for a long time, and ethnic minorities living in the northwest took the opportunity to migrate to Shanxi and Henan. In order to avoid chaos in ancient Henan, people migrated spontaneously, or the ruling class forced people to migrate for the benefit of minority groups. The migration direction is mainly southward, mostly settled in Jianghuai area, and a considerable part is south of the Yangtze River. Its number is about 700,000-800,000. Therefore, most of the Han people who moved south from Henan and other central plains areas to Fujian and Guangdong also moved south from this period. Judging from the composition of the foreign population, some of them are the upper ruling class. Most of these people have knowledge, wealth and experience in governing the country; Some of them are working people with rich production experience, and a considerable number are young and middle-aged workers. The migration of these people to the south plays an important role in the economic development of the south.

The second great migration period was the last year of the Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127). After the great turmoil in the middle Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the Yellow River basin was invaded by ethnic minorities such as Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Henan and other places in the Yellow River basin have become battlegrounds for Shanxi and Mongolia, and frequent wars have left a large area of fertile land in Henan desolate. "Since the destruction of gold in Mongolia in the Southern Song Dynasty, some people crossed the sea to avoid chaos in order not to live under the rule of Mongols; Some people drifted because of the typhoon, but when they went to Taiwan Province Province, they chose their own place to live and settle down ... but they still kept their language unchanged. " . Taiwan Province Provincial High School's "The Root of People in Taiwan Province Province-Full Mirror of Eight Min" records that the humanistic customs in Taiwan Province Province originated from the attack on Eight Min, attracting several gods to worship Buddha and heaven. Weddings, funerals and celebrations, costumes, rituals and music, Four Seasons Day, customs and human feelings have all been handed down from generation to generation. ""8 jin j aggressively forced the song dynasty, bian city fall ". Bureaucrats, landlords, businessmen and the general public in Kaifeng, the capital, fled south one after another, and then people from Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and other places moved south one after another, forming the second population migration in China history after the Yongjia Rebellion.

In addition, natural disasters have a great impact on population distribution and migration. According to statistics, during the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Yellow River burst once every 20 years on average, and once every 10 years from the Three Kingdoms to the Five Dynasties. During the Northern Song Dynasty, it flooded once a year on average. Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties increased to once every 4-7 months. During the rule of Beiyang warlords and Kuomintang, it happened once every three months on average. In the more than 2,000 years before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the lower Yellow River overflowed and diverted 1500 times, and Henan burst more than 900 times. The flood and diversion of the Yellow River forced people to move out. At the same time, floods and droughts are frequent. According to historical records, during the more than 2,000 years from the Spring and Autumn Period to the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were 982 major floods and droughts in the province. Once every two years on average. These frequent wars, the invasion of northern minorities and the influence of natural disasters are the main reasons for the migration of ancient Henan population to the south.