Tianjin junior high school geography exam review outline

Lesson 5 let setbacks enrich our lives

Life is bound to have setbacks.

Setbacks are the so-called "nails", that is, failures, failures and obstacles that people encounter.

Frustration is accompanied by life; Setbacks are everywhere and inevitable.

There are many factors that cause frustration: (1) natural and man-made disasters that cannot be predicted and prevented in time, (2) various human factors, and (3) personal moral quality, intelligence, physical strength, appearance and some physical defects.

In the face of setbacks and difficulties, there are roughly three kinds of people: (1) people who are timid, (2) people who are not determined or easily satisfied, and (3) people who are strong-willed and have firm beliefs. The third kind of people are good at turning stumbling blocks on the way forward into stepping stones, thus achieving sharp success, realizing the value of life and enjoying real life.

Be calm in the face of setbacks

The function of frustration: (1) Negative effects make people have negative psychology such as sadness, anxiety, anxiety and fear. ⑵ Positive effects temper will and increase talents and wisdom. (The product "Suffering makes a success" and "Mussels become pearls from illness")

The most precious gift that people win after overcoming setbacks again and again: wisdom.

An effective method of frustration? (1) Establish a correct life goal. ⑵ Correctly understand setbacks and adopt appropriate solutions. ⑶ Stimulate the enthusiasm for exploration and innovation. (4) self-guidance.

The effective way to overcome setbacks and negative psychology is to explore and innovate wholeheartedly.

Methods of self-guidance: ① Reasonable venting, ② Empathy and ③ Sublimation of goals.

Lesson 6 Cheer for being strong

Let's choose to be strong

What are the manifestations of strong-willed people? Strong-willed people (1) have a clear and profound understanding of the motives and purposes of their actions. (2) Be able to judge what happened calmly and quickly in complex situations and take decisive measures and actions without hesitation. (3) When encountering setbacks and failures, you can adjust your negative emotions, control your words and deeds, and not be discouraged, discouraged or anxious. (4) Be able to overcome setbacks and difficulties with indomitable spirit and perseverance and achieve your goals. (that is, self-conscious, decisive, self-controlled and tenacious. )

The meaning (function) of strong will? (1) A firm and correct direction in life requires a strong will. It takes a strong will to get out of the shadow of failure. (3) It takes a strong will to form good study habits. It takes a strong will to achieve something.

The key to turning failure into success lies in whether you have a strong will.

Steel is made in this way.

How is a strong will tempered? (1) We must set clear goals. (2) We should start from the details and start from a small age. ⑶ Be good at managing yourself. (4) Exercise yourself actively in a tough environment. What small things need to be started: think about it.

Taste: the blade comes from sharpening, and the plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold.

Unit 4 Law-abiding people

Lesson 7 Feeling the Dignity of Law

Close to the law

Rules are the standards for people to speak and do things, that is, the rules of conduct that all members of society should follow.

It is very important to have rules, understand rules and obey them.

There are many rules around us. It can be divided into morality, discipline and law.

The distinctive feature of the law is that (1) is formulated or recognized by the state. (2) National coercive force is mandatory to ensure its implementation. (3) It is universally binding on all members of society.

Our life is inseparable from the law.

China's laws: as the embodiment of the people's will and interests, regulate the behavior of all members of society by stipulating their rights and obligations.

Role of law: (1) normative role. Outstanding performance is to stipulate what people can do, what they must do, what they should do and what they should not do. (2) protection.

The law is inviolable.

An important condition for us to maintain self-esteem, cultivate self-confidence and achieve self-reliance and self-improvement is to abide by the rules, especially not to violate the law.

An illegal act, any failure to perform the obligations stipulated by law, or any act prohibited by law is illegal.

Illegal acts can be divided into administrative violations, civil violations and criminal violations. (unconstitutional act)

Administrative violations and civil violations are also called general violations; Criminal violations are serious violations and criminal acts.

Criminal law is a law that defines what a crime is and what punishment to give to criminals in the name of the state.

Crime refers to an act that has serious social harm and violates the criminal law and should be punished according to law.

Crime has three basic characteristics: first, it has serious social harm. Serious harmfulness is the most essential feature of crime. Second, it violates the criminal law. Criminal illegality is the legal symbol of crime. Third, the behavior that should be punished by punishment. Those who should be punished must be punished, which is the serious harm of crime and the inevitable consequence of criminal violation.

Penalty, also known as criminal punishment and criminal punishment, refers to a compulsory method for the people's court to punish criminals.

The types of punishment in China are divided into: principal punishment, including public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment and death penalty; Supplementary punishments include fines, deprivation of political rights and confiscation of property.

10 crime has always been the focus of national laws, and criminals will eventually be punished by bloodline.

Be nipped in the bud

Obeying the law is a manifestation of practicing morality.

The criminal's psychology is to get some satisfaction.

We should hate crime in our hearts and stay away from it in our actions.

The law regulating the behavior of minors is the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency.

Think about it, what are the bad behaviors around us? And can take corresponding preventive and corrective measures.

Taste: "near Zhu Zhechi, near ink is black"; "If a small hole is not mended, a big hole will suffer". "Suddenly take evil for it, and suddenly take good for it."

The law protects my growth

Special protection, special care

All citizens under 18 are minors.

The laws that specifically protect our legitimate rights and interests are the Law on the Protection of Minors in People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in People's Republic of China (PRC).

In the law on the protection of minors, we have set up four lines of defense: family protection, school protection, social protection and judicial protection.

The meaning of family protection: parents or other guardians are required to perform their duties of raising and guarding minors according to law and respect their right to education.

The meaning of school protection: schools and other educational institutions are required to educate minors according to law to protect their physical and mental health and legitimate rights and interests.

School protection involves the education and development of minors, the maintenance of personal rights and the protection of life safety.

The meaning of social protection: the whole society is required to create a social environment conducive to the healthy growth of minors.

Social protection includes social and cultural protection, physical health protection, labor protection, freedom and spiritual protection of minors.

The meaning of judicial protection: Public security organs, people's procuratorates, people's courts and judicial administrative departments are required to perform their duties according to law and implement special protection measures for minors.

Make good use of the law to protect yourself

Our most powerful weapon for safeguarding rights and interests is the law.

Institutions that can provide us with legal help: legal service offices, law firms, notary offices, legal aid centers, etc.

Ways to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests: 1) non-litigation means; 2) means of litigation.

Non-litigation means is an effective means to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests. Including: (1) reflecting problems to relevant government departments, judicial organs, people's organizations and relevant social organizations. , and seek help to solve the problem; (2) Resolving disputes through mediation and arbitration and protecting citizens' rights and interests.

The meaning of litigation: refers to the procedure that the people's court handles disputes with the participation of interested parties.

Litigation is the most formal, authoritative and effective means to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests, and it is the last barrier to protect our rights and interests.

Litigation is usually divided into three types: criminal litigation, civil litigation and administrative litigation.

Criminal proceedings: refers to the activities of state organs to expose and prove crimes and criminals in accordance with the law with the participation of the parties and other participants in the proceedings.

Civil litigation: it is an activity that people's courts try cases and resolve disputes according to law with the participation of the parties and other participants in litigation.

Administrative litigation: commonly known as "litigation", it is an activity of the people's court to solve administrative disputes in accordance with judicial procedures with the participation of both parties.

10 dares to go to court.

1 1 It is the unshirkable responsibility of all citizens, including our teenagers, to fight against illegal and criminal acts.

12 criminals are often fierce and cunning. When we fight it, we should be brave and resourceful. An effective and good method: try to keep the gangsters steady, remember their looks and whereabouts, and call "1 10" in time.