What is the process of transforming Mars into a livable planet?

In the eyes of scientists, although the transformation of Mars is a huge project that takes hundreds or even thousands of years, it can be achieved through hard work, not impossible.

Step 1 heating

Mars is very dry and cold. Therefore, the first step in transforming Mars is heating. According to Ouyang Ziyuan, chief scientist of China's lunar orbiting project and academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, there are many ways to improve the surface temperature of Mars, such as erecting a series of mirrors in space orbit to reflect sunlight to the surface of Mars; Sprinkle carbon black on the polar cap of Mars to increase the absorption of sunlight and promote the melting of the polar cap; Generating and releasing chlorofluorocarbon gas to enhance the greenhouse effect; Establish a geothermal collection system to increase the ground temperature; Output temperature of nuclear power plant, etc.

Step 2 ventilation

The second step in transforming Mars is to increase the atmospheric concentration and change the atmospheric composition. In synchronization with the rise of surface temperature, dry ice and water ice in polar cap will partially melt or sublimate into gas, and carbon dioxide in soil will also be released; In order to increase oxygen, low-grade green autotrophic plants with drought tolerance, cold tolerance and barren tolerance can be transplanted to polar snow-capped mountains on the earth. The sunlight intensity of Mars is less than half that of the Earth. It can be supplemented by artificial electric light sources to enhance the photosynthesis of plants to release oxygen, or it can be increased by industrial decomposition of rich iron oxide on Mars. If these methods are too troublesome, some scientists suggest simply introducing "perfluoropropane", which is a "super greenhouse gas" 65,438+00,000 times more effective than carbon dioxide. If this gas is continuously discharged into the atmosphere of Mars, it will produce an unimaginable chain-like "greenhouse effect", thus making Mars a warm and humid world with a spring-like climate and a once-in-a-century melting of hard ice.

plant trees

The third step is to establish an ecological environment on the surface of Mars, and transport a large number of inflatable transparent plastic houses from the earth as Mars greenhouses. The top layers of these greenhouses are coated with metal to resist the ultraviolet rays of the sun. At the same time, autotrophic green plants such as snow algae, cold water antlers, snow moss and so on. Cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, low vitality, was selected as the pioneer plant landing on Mars. Through the weathering of plants, dry and barren earth and stone will be turned into water-bearing soil, and then some cold-tolerant and drought-tolerant microorganisms, fungi, ferns, conifers, compositae, ammopiptanthus and so on will be transplanted. In the future, shrubs and flowers will be transplanted outdoors, and Mars oases, grasslands and gardens will be gradually established to form a good ecological environment.

Step 4: Agriculture

The fourth step is to establish Mars agriculture and animal husbandry and form self-sufficiency in agricultural and sideline foods. Early Mars was a greenhouse agriculture, and crops and livestock were cold-resistant and drought-resistant varieties after transgenic or genetic variation. Cereals, potatoes, vegetables, fruit trees, bees, poultry and livestock should be selected according to the environment. The rich carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars contributes to the high yield of crops, but the indoor sunlight is too weak, so it is necessary to increase the electric light source. The vitality of crops and livestock is fragile. Only when the temperature, moisture, soil and fertility of Mars are improved to a certain extent can outdoor farming and animal husbandry be carried out.

produce

The fifth step is to establish industrial facilities for energy and raw materials. Building nuclear power plants and liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen plants to solve the energy problems of vehicles, machinery and recoverable rockets; Building large-scale solar and wind energy facilities; Mining metal deposits and refining metal materials; Mining stones and clay to build factories. The energy and matter of Mars can only be obtained locally. If it is transported by the earth, the cost is too high, and the current space carrying capacity cannot be achieved.

Build a house

The sixth step is to build the infrastructure of human life. Building houses in residential areas to ensure heating, water supply and power supply; Building roads, parking lots and rocket launching sites to ensure smooth traffic; Establish warehouses, store food, drinking water and other living materials, and prepare to receive earth travelers and even settlers.

move

Under the condition that the Martian environment is transformed to be tolerable by human beings and the infrastructure construction and means of subsistence production on Mars reach a certain scale, Mars tourism or immigration can be considered.

About 300 years later, "Mars likes to watch microbes, and algae grow in wet places; See the vitality from this planet and see the prosperity of the next century "; About 600 years later, "moss grew, oxygen increased, and clear water filled the crater"; About 800 years later, "I have worked tirelessly for thousands of years, and I am very happy to see the green mountains and green waters, the red planet of the universe, and the second home of mankind."