Crime Clauses of the Nuremberg Trials

The U.S. Military Tribunal conducted 12 subsequent trials in the city of Nuremberg against 177 defendants who held important positions in the political, economic and military institutions and organizations of Nazi Germany, namely:

1 Doctor Trials (for medical experiments on prisoners of war and concentration camp inmates).

2 Milch trial (against Marshal E. Milch).

3-judge trial (against senior judicial officials who used the law to persecute Jews and opponents of the Nazi Party).

4 Bohr trial (against H. von Boll, leader of the SS concentration camp administration).

5 Frick Trial (against President F. Frick and his Concern, which used a large number of foreign forced labor).

6 Farben trial (regarding the activities of Farben in the occupied territories).

7 Hostage killing trial (for generals who killed hostages during the anti-guerrilla war in Southeast Europe).

8 Race and Immigration Bureau Trial (against the SS racial plan).

9 SS Special Operations Force Trial (against Ohlendorf and other Special Operations Force commanders).

10 Krupp Trial (against the Krupp Concern and its leaders).

11 Wilhelmstrasse Trial (criminal offenses against the peace against senior officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and several government ministers).

12 Wehrmacht High Command Trial (for senior officers of the High Command). Subsequent trials sentenced 24 people to death (12 of them were executed), 35 people were released, and the rest were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment. But by 1956, all were released. The Nuremberg Trials prosecuted and convicted people based on the following four crimes:

①Planning, preparing, launching or committing war crimes.

②The crime of participating in the conspiracy to carry out war. The above two crimes together are called crimes against the peace.

③War crimes (referring to violations of war laws or war customs).

④Crimes against humanity (referring to the massacre, extermination and enslavement of civilians, etc.). The Nuremberg trials laid the foundation for future trials for crimes against peace and marked a major development in international law.