The names, species, living habits, appearance and characteristics of the three species of birds, where they grow

1. Magpies

Species: Corvidae Magpie

Life habits:

Except for moving in pairs during the breeding period, magpies often They move in small groups of 3-5 individuals, and often form large groups of dozens in autumn and winter. During the day, they often go to farmland and other open areas to forage. In the evening, they fly to nearby tall trees to rest. Sometimes they are also seen in mixed groups with crows and jackdaws. They are alert by nature, and one bird is always responsible for guarding them when foraging. Even when they are foraging in pairs, they usually take turns to wait and forage.

While the male bird is looking for food on the ground, the female bird will stand on high ground and keep watch. When the female bird is feeding, the male bird will keep watch. If danger is discovered, the watching bird will scream and fly away together with the foraging bird. . The flying ability is strong and long-lasting. When flying, the entire body and tail are in a straight line, the tail is slightly open, and the wings are beating slowly. The male and female birds often keep a certain distance, and when moving on the ground, they advance in leaps and bounds. The chirping sound is monotonous and loud, like the sound of "zha-zha-zha", and it often chirps while flying. When in a group, the call is very noisy.

The food habits are complex, and the food composition changes with the seasons and the environment. In summer, they mainly feed on insects and other animal foods, and in other seasons, they mainly feed on plant fruits and seeds. Common food types include locusts, grasshoppers, scarabs, weevils, beetles, katydids, cutworms, pine caterpillars, stink bugs, ants, flies, snakes and other insects of the order Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera and so on. The larvae also eat nestlings and bird eggs. Plant foods are mainly the fruits and seeds of trees and shrubs, and they also eat crops such as corn, sorghum, soybeans, peas, and wheat.

Appearance characteristics:

Male adult bird: The head, neck, back and upper tail coverts are bright black, the back of the head and nape are slightly purple, and the back is slightly blue-green; the shoulder feathers are pure White; waist gray and white mixed. The wings are black, with large white spots on the inner part of the primary flight feathers, and black outer parts and feather tips with a blue-green luster; the secondary flight feathers are black with a dark blue luster. The tail feathers are black with dark green luster and purple-red and dark blue-green broad bands at the end. The chin, throat and chest are black, and the throat feathers sometimes have white axis stripes; the upper abdomen and flanks are pure white; the lower abdomen and leg coverts are black; the axillary feathers and underwing coverts are pale white.

Female adult bird: The body color is basically similar to that of the male bird, but the luster is not as obvious as that of the male bird. The lower body is black or dark brown, and the white part is sometimes stained with gray. Young bird: similar in shape to the female bird, but the black part of the body is brown or dark brown; the white part is dirty white.

The iris is dark brown; the mouth, tarsometatarsus and toes are all black.

Size:

Weight? Male: 190-266g, female: 180-250g;

Body length? Male: 365-485mm, female: 380 -460mm;

Male: 31-38mm, female: 28-37mm;

Wings: Male: 190-230mm, female: 178-210mm;

Tail? Male: 210-275mm, female: 200-262mm;

Tasometatarsal? Male: 48-58mm, female: 42-54mm.

Growing place:

Magpies have a wide distribution range, covering almost all continents in the world except Antarctica, Africa, South America and Oceania.

Origin: Armenia, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic* **The Republic of China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, the Islamic Republic of China, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, South Korea, North Korea, People's Republic of China** *The Republic of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Yugoslavia, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation , Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, and Western Sahara.

Traveler: Faroe Islands, Lebanon, Oman, Thailand.

2. Woodpeckers

Species: Woodpeckeridae

Life habits:

Woodpeckers have extremely superb insect-catching skills, and their beaks are strong The tip can not only peck open bark, but also hard wood parts, much like a carpenter's chisel. Its tongue is slender and soft, and can extend out of the mouth. It also has a pair of very long tongues. The hyoid bone surrounds the outside of the skull and acts as a special spring. The varicose angle of the hyoid bone allows the tongue to expand and contract freely. The tip of the tongue is horny and has rows of barbed hooks and mucus, making it very suitable for hooking onto tree trunks. of insects and larvae. They tap the trunk with their mouths and make a sound of "Tap, Tuk..." in the quiet forest. If they find an insect somewhere on the trunk, they cling tightly to the tree, with their head and mouth almost perpendicular to the trunk. It pecks open the bark of the tree, uses its tongue to hook out the pests one by one and eats them, and sticks out the eggs with mucus.

When it encounters insects hiding in the passages deep in the trunk, it will also use the ingenious trick of "drumming to repel insects". It will beat the passages with its mouth to make a specific drumming sound that scares the pests. Under the stimulation of sound waves, they turn around and move around, often trying to escape from the hole, but they happen to be caught and eaten by the woodpeckers waiting here. They usually have to completely eliminate the cysticercids in the entire tree before moving to another tree. When they encounter a tree with severe insect infestation, they will work on this tree for several days until all the pests are eliminated.

The pests that woodpeckers eat include Coleoptera weevils, false walking beetles, beetle larvae, beetles, Lepidoptera debt moths, borer moths, and stink bugs, stink bugs, Locusts, ants, grubs, cysticercids, beetle larvae, grubs, termites, etc.

Appearance characteristics:

This family of birds also has a large head, but a long neck and a strong mouth It is straight and chisel-shaped, with exposed nostrils; the hyoid bone extends into a ring shape, with both sides passing from the throat around the occiput to the upper base of the mouth. The tongue is long and retractable, with short hooks at the tip; the legs are slightly shorter, with 3 or 4 toes; there are 9 primary flight feathers. The skull is lizard-palatate, with the hoe bone replaced by some paired bone fragments. The jaw and palatine bones are small and far away from both sides. There are 2 notches on each side of the rear end of the sternum, and the sternal manubrium is bifurcated. The leg muscles lack perineal muscles and accessory femorocaudal muscles; the tail is flat or wedge-shaped, with mostly 12 tail feathers. The feather shafts are hard and elastic to support the body when pecking wood. The most common woodpeckers are the green woodpecker and the spotted woodpecker. The green woodpecker's body feathers are mainly green, and its underparts are gray with green stains. The top of the male bird's head is red, very bright. The Spotted Woodpecker is slightly smaller, with white spots on a black upper body, mostly on the wings, brownish-white underparts, red under the tail, and the back of the male's head is also red. There is also a smaller woodpecker called the ant hawk, which is also relatively common. Its feather color is quite special. Its upper body is a light silvery gray background, densely covered with dark brown markings, like snake skin patterns, and its lower body is almost white. It cannot climb trees, nor does it peck wood to catch insects, but it forages for ants on the ground, so it is also called the ground woodpecker.

Growing place:

Distributed in Eurasia and northern Africa, including all of Europe, Africa north of the Tropic of Cancer, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Himalayas-Hengduan Mountains-Minshan Mountain- Qinling Mountains - Asia region north of the Huaihe River. Indian Ocean, including Madagascar and its nearby islands. South-central Africa includes the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula and the entire African continent south of the Sahara Desert (Tropic of Cancer).

Indochina Peninsula and China’s southeastern coastal areas, including Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and China’s southeastern coastal areas, Hong Kong, and Hainan Island. The Pacific Islands include China's Taiwan Province, Dongsha Islands, Paracel Islands, Zhongsha Islands, Nansha Islands, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia's Sumatra, Java Island and Papua New Guinea.

Wallace District refers to the area east of the traditional Wallace Line (from the eastern sea of ??Mindanao through the Makassar Strait to between Bali and Lombok) and west of Papua New Guinea , including Indonesia’s Sulawesi Island, Nusa Tenggara Islands, Southwest Islands, Moluccas (Maluku Islands), East Timor and other islands. The Indian subcontinent and the southwest region of China include India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and the southeastern region of Tibet, China.

North America, including the transition zone between North America and Central America in the United States, Canada, Greenland, Bermuda, St. Pierre and Miquelon, and Mexico. Central America, located between North and South America, includes Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Dominica, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Dines, Saint Lucia, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago and other countries and regions. South America, including Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and the Malvinas Islands (also known as the Falkland Islands).

3. Crested Ibis

Species: Storks, Crested Ibis

Life habits:

Habits:

It is relatively solitary and quiet in nature. Except for chirping when taking off, it does not chirp during normal activities. Often alone or in pairs or small groups, rarely gregarious with other birds. The gait is slow when moving, and the wings beat slowly when flying. The head and neck are straight forward, and the legs are stretched back, but do not protrude beyond the tail. It is active during the day in search of food and roosts in tall trees at night. [5]?

Food habits:

Mainly feed on small fish, loaches, frogs, crabs, shrimps, snails, crickets, earthworms, beetles, hemipterans, crustaceans and others Feeds on invertebrates and small vertebrates such as insects and insect larvae. Foraging activity occurs during the day. They usually forage in shallow water near water or in rice fields. They can also forage in mud and on the ground. When foraging on the ground, they often walk slowly and lightly, searching the ground in front of them with their eyes. When they find food, they immediately peck it with their mouths. When foraging in shallow water or mud, it mainly relies on inserting its long and curved mouth into the mud and water to find food.

Migration:

The populations that originally bred in eastern Russia, North Korea, northern Japan and northern China mostly migrate to southern Japan and south of the Yellow River in China to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Fujian, and They spend the winter in Taiwan and Hainan Island, and some stay in North Korea for the winter. The populations that breed in southern China and Japan usually do not migrate and are resident birds. The population distributed in Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province, China also does not migrate and wanders around after the breeding season. In July, young birds that had left the nest were found 20 kilometers away from the nest area.

Appearance characteristics:

The crested ibis is completely white during the non-breeding period, with pink trimmings on its head, crest, back, wings and tail. The underside of the wings and tail are also decorated with pink, which is very visible when flying. The outermost flight feathers are almost entirely dark brown, with only the inner and outer edges of the base and feather shafts white. The second inner feather is dark brown along the central part of the feather shaft and the feather tips. The third one is only stained with some dark brown at the tip, and the rest of the flight feathers are all white. The feathers on the back of the head extend into a spear shape, forming a loose crest. During the breeding season, the head, upper back and neck are decorated with gray, the wings are lighter pink, and the first to fifth primary flight feathers have gray-brown end spots.

The adult bird's body feathers are basically white, but the feather shafts of the upper and lower body as well as the flight feathers are slightly pink, especially the primary flight feathers are thicker in pink, and the feathers on the head and neck are distinctive. The entire face, including the forehead, around the eyes, eyelids and the base of the lower beak, is bare and featherless, and is bright red. The tip of the beak and the base of the lower beak are red, the other parts are black, and the iris is golden yellow. , the feet are also bright red. During the breeding season, adult birds will secrete small black particles on the entire head, neck and even shoulders, staining the head, neck and shoulders gray-black. However, it must be pointed out that this color change is caused by the secretions and not the color of the feathers themselves. changes.

The iris is orange-red, the mouth is black, the base of the mouth and the exposed parts of the head are vermilion, and the exposed parts of the tarsometatarsus, claws and lower shins are also vermilion. The young bird's cheeks are covered with downy feathers, and the rest of the face is bare and featherless, orange-yellow. The body feathers are smoky gray and have a rose-colored luster. The primary flight feathers are dark brown, the legs are light brown, and the iris is light yellowish brown.

Size:

Weight? Male: 1700-1885g, female: 1465g;

Body length? Male: 783-790mm, female: 679mm;< /p>

Buzz? Male: 182-183mm, female: 137-150mm;

Wings? Male: 380-450mm, female: 375-380mm;

Tail ? Male: 180-188mm, female: 16-165mm;

Tasometatarsus? Male: 85-90mm, female: 75-77mm.

Growing place:

According to the World Conservation Union (IUCN):

Distribution: China;

Potential extinction areas: Russia;

Regional extermination sites: North Korea, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan Province of China.

Distribution in China

The Crested Ibis was once widely distributed in the Wusuli River Basin and Xingkai Lake in Northeast Heilongjiang Province, the eastern, central and western Jilin Province, Dalian, Liaodong Peninsula, Liaoning Province and Jinan. County and Yingkou, Hebei, Xiong'er Mountain in western Henan, Shandong, southeastern Shanxi, Taibai Mountain and Yangxian in Shaanxi, Lanzhou in Gansu, Huixian in the southeast, Anhui, Quxian in Zhejiang, as well as Fuzhou, Taiwan and Hainan Island.

Since Chinese scientists discovered 7 wild crested ibis populations in Yang County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province in 1981, by 2014, the number of crested ibis populations in China had increased to more than 2,000, of which the wild population exceeded 1,500. The distribution area has expanded from Shaanxi to Henan, Zhejiang and other places.