What is the urban integration of minority floating population?

The urban social integration of the floating population of ethnic minorities mainly includes economic, social and psychological aspects. Among them, economic integration is mainly urban employment and income, that is, career transformation; Social integration is mainly the expansion of social communication scope and the citizenization of lifestyle, values and behavior; Psychological integration is mainly self-identity and psychological belonging. In fact, its social integration is a process in which the dual economic structure, dual social structure and dual psychological structure are gradually dissolved, that is, economically, it changes from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries; In society, from farmers to citizens, outsiders to locals; Psychologically, including the change of identity and belonging.

The floating population of ethnic minorities has experienced a process of "inflow to survival, adaptation to integration" in cities. Some scholars have summarized it as a gradual and in-depth process from "foothold stage of economic life" to "adaptation stage of social behavior" and then to "modern psychological identity stage". Among them, the foothold of economic life is the key factor of its urban integration, followed by social communication and cultural life, including interpersonal communication, language, training and learning, community participation, leisure and entertainment, festivals and celebrations, and finally psychological feelings, including life satisfaction, tendency to stay in the city, psychological identity and sense of belonging. The social integration process of floating population has the characteristics of long-term, complexity and arduousness. Authoritative reports show that migrant workers are undergoing three major changes: from working in agriculture to full-time non-agriculture; From urban-rural mobility to integration into cities; From survival to equality [4]. The social integration of the floating population of ethnic minorities not only includes their urban adaptation, but also refers to their final "precipitation" in civil society and becoming new citizens. If migrant workers, mainly Han people, have been basically "integrated" or "involved" in urban society in economy and life, then the floating population of ethnic minorities (migrant workers) can only be said to be partially "integrated" or "involved" in urban society. Compared with the floating population of Han nationality, the floating population of ethnic minorities has a relatively low degree of social integration in occupation, social communication, language, customs and psychology.

Social inclusion, also known as social integration, is an important concept in the field of international migration research. According to the theory of international migration, due to the cultural differences between the place of immigration and the place of emigration, immigrants often appear "non-integration", that is, after immigration, they generally show three living States: mosaic group division, cultural diversity and being far from the mainstream society. Due to the serious social differences and social exclusion between immigrants and the host society, developed countries such as the United States and Canada, as well as international organizations such as the European Union and the United Nations, have formulated relevant policies and published many relevant research reports on the social integration of immigrants. As early as 1995, the United Nations Copenhagen Social Development Summit regarded social integration as one of the three major areas of social development, and called on all countries to take actions to effectively promote social integration. The meeting pointed out that the purpose of social integration is to create a "society for all", in which everyone has rights and responsibilities and everyone can play an active role.

As a comprehensive and challenging concept, social integration has more than one level or significance. Although the concept of social integration is difficult to define, some scholars think it can be defined, which should at least include the following aspects: social integration is both a process and a result; Social integration is an individual and group phenomenon, including changes in attitudes and behaviors; Integration includes overall integration and difference integration, the latter is a selective adaptation to the mainstream society. The integration of immigrants should be said to be a same-sex problem that all countries in the world will encounter. The difference is that many countries in the world are faced with the integration of transnational immigrants into the local society, while China is mainly the integration of migrant workers into cities. Social integration mainly refers to the floating population's continuous adjustment in employment, entrepreneurship, language and culture, social interaction and psychological identity after entering the inflow area, and gradually integrate into the surrounding society on the basis of adapting to their own living environment.