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Why is public administration a new type of social governance model?

Public *** management is produced in the context of complex and uncertain conditions in order to meet actual social governance requirements. In the development process of human society, two basic social governance models have emerged, namely the social governance model of agricultural society dominance and the management-type social governance model of industrial society. Public administration is a service-oriented social governance model and an inevitable trend of social development. The new social management model includes multiple social management subjects. The functions and interactions of multiple subjects constitute the basic connotation of the new social management model. First of all, the party committee must play the role of overseeing the overall situation and coordinating all parties in the social management structure, plan and think about social management from an overall perspective, coordinate the relationship between the party committee, the National People’s Congress, the government and the CPPCC, and make overall arrangements for discipline inspection, organization, publicity, united front, and Political and legal work, support and ensure that social organizations carry out activities in accordance with the law, and give full play to the core leadership role of party organizations at all levels and the vanguard and exemplary role of party members. Secondly, the government should strengthen social management responsibilities, perform social management and public service functions well, vigorously develop social undertakings, provide the people with more and better public products and public services, and effectively improve people's livelihood. , organize social organizations, the public, enterprises and other social forces to actively and orderly participate in social management to form a joint force in social management. Thirdly, social organizations, especially people’s groups, industry associations, and social intermediary organizations, must give full play to their roles in providing services, reflecting demands, and regulating behaviors, enhance social autonomy functions, promote social harmony and order, and contribute to improving the social management system and effectively allocating society. resources, optimize public services, and make positive contributions to meeting the needs of various parties in society. Finally, the public is the basic force for participation in social management. Public participation has contributed to the promulgation of relevant policies, and the government's positive response has promoted active public participation. Facts have proven that the degree of public participation often determines the ultimate effectiveness of social management. In short, the multiple social management subjects collectively constitute an organic unity with distinct roles, clear functions, and efficient operation.

Characteristics

The new social management model has the following obvious characteristics:

First, it emphasizes people’s livelihood. The source of all social problems can be traced back to people's livelihood. To do a good job in social management, we must accelerate social construction focusing on ensuring and improving people's livelihood, take ensuring and improving people's livelihood as the fundamental starting point and goal of accelerating the transformation of the economic development model, follow the path of common prosperity, and improve the protection and improvement of people's livelihood. Institutional arrangements for people's livelihood and the development of various social undertakings so that the results of development can better benefit all people. Guaranteeing and improving people's livelihood under the leadership of the party committee and the government is a distinctive feature of the new social management model.

The second is to focus on collaboration. New social management is a process of collaborative governance, a process of collective participation, consultation and dialogue. Social management has a wide range of contents, and social problems develop on the Internet. In addition, daily society and network society promote each other, which often causes social events to heat up rapidly and evolve into hidden social dangers. This requires that all social entities must solve dynamic problems in social affairs through timely communication, dialogue and consultation, and overall coordination, and use a win-win mentality to solve complex interest issues in the field of social life.

The third is to focus on innovation. With the development of social practice, new social life, social affairs, social organizations and new social functions will emerge in response to the situation. There are no ready-made social management methods in these areas that can be directly applied, and innovation is needed. During the transition period, social contradictions are particularly numerous and prominent, and they are highly destructive to society. If they are not handled well, new and bigger problems will arise, which calls for scientific responses and strengthened foresight and prevention. It should also be noted that social management started late in China and is far from professional. We need to work creatively and build a social management system with Chinese characteristics.

The fourth is to focus on the grassroots. In the final analysis, social management is the service and management of people, which is directly related to the vital interests of the people. We must closely rely on the people to create a new situation in social management under the new situation. Under the new situation, community management has become an important field of social management, and special attention should be paid to the management and services of floating populations, special groups, and social organizations.

Theoretical Trends

The new social management model clearly embodies the basic trend of good governance, and it embodies the political advantages of Chinese social management in a unique way.

According to the definition of governance in the "Our Partnership" research report by the Global Governance Commission in 1995, governance includes four main characteristics: first, the diversification of rights subjects; second, the boundaries of responsibilities among governance subjects The third is to emphasize the interaction between government and society; the fourth is to emphasize the diversity of social governance methods. The subjects of governance are diverse, and the purpose of governance is to maximize public interests through interaction, consultation, and cooperation among multiple subjects. Good governance is the rational derivation of the connotation of governance. The essential characteristic of good governance is that it is the cooperative management of public life between the government and citizens. It is a novel relationship between the political state and civil society, and it is the best state of both. Through consultation, interaction and cooperation between the government and civil society, we can promote social stability and harmony, maintain social fairness and justice, protect vulnerable groups, and maximize public benefits.

As an analytical framework, good governance emphasizes the cooperation between the government and society. Through the positive interaction between the two, they jointly promote the realization of public interests. It does not aim to emphasize that the government must completely delegate power to society, nor does it aim to emphasize that the government must completely delegate power to society. The power check and balance between the government and society is unrealistic and inconsistent with China's political tradition. As an analytical tool, it can be used as a reference for countries like China, where politics and society have not been separated for a long time and public participation awareness is weak.

The new social management model has the tendency of good governance, which is mainly reflected in: First, the social management subjects tend to be diversified. Social management subjects include not only the ruling party and government, but also social organizations and the public. Its implications include improving party leadership, transforming government functions, cultivating social organizations, and encouraging public participation. Second, social management methods tend to be cooperation and consultation. In social management, the party committee plays a leadership role, the government plays a management role, the society plays a collaborative role, and the public participates. Each entity performs its own duties, cooperates, negotiates, and cooperates closely to form a joint force in social management. Third, the concept of social governance is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, as the party’s understanding of the laws of socialist construction has deepened, the party and the government have actively explored a socialist social management system with Chinese characteristics in the spirit of reform and innovation, and the social management environment has been continuously optimized. It provides basic conditions for the implementation of a new social management model and has a clear trend of good governance.

The new social management model is fundamentally different from the all-powerful government regulatory model under the planned economy, and also different from the government-social management model advocated by the theory of good governance. It is a concrete manifestation of China’s political and institutional advantages. , is the foundation for strengthening and innovating social management and must be continuously improved. Although there is still a long way to go to improve this model, it embodies a positive management philosophy and policy orientation. With the deepening of practice, this model will continue to develop and improve.

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