Why are there more black descendants in America than in Europe?

The largest minority in America. According to the statistics of June 1990, there are about 30 million people, accounting for 12. 1% of the total population of the United States. Eighty percent of them live in cities. More than 70% of the blacks in Washington, DC; In Newark, Gary, Atlanta and other cities, blacks account for more than half; In new york, Chicago and other big cities, there are more than one million black people.

Their ancestors were originally hunted from Africa and sold as slaves to the North American continent, so they are also called African-Americans. After the European colonists, especially the British colonists invaded the North American continent, in order to open up the North American continent and meet their demand for labor, they not only tamed the indigenous Indians into slaves, but also sold a large number of black prisoners to the North American continent as slaves through the traffickers of European colonists. Since 1526, the first batch of African blacks were trafficked to South Carolina, and the scale of trafficking has been increasing. Slavers in Europe set up armed businesses to arrest and buy blacks all over Africa. They organized their own "hunting teams" to catch blacks directly, and colluded with local tribal chiefs to ask them to sell their members as commodities. These slave traders handcuffed the black people they hunted and bought, tied them together with ropes, rushed to some estuaries in Africa in droves, and stuffed them into slave ship like livestock. The captain branded the black people with their initials with an iron as a mark. On the ship, each black man is only 6 feet long and 1.4 feet wide. At that time, the coastal ports in North America, especially New Orleans and Wall Street in new york, had a huge market for auctioning blacks.

On the eve of the American War of Independence, among the 3.5 million people in North America, there were 500,000 blacks, 90% of whom were slaves, and 10% were semi-slave "free blacks". Because these blacks landed in the southern port first, most of them lived in the southern region. In the eyes of plantation owners, they are just talking production tools. They lost all their personal freedom, were driven away like cattle and horses, flogged, traded and even executed by plantation owners. /kloc-it is rare that black slaves can survive in plantations and mines in 0/0 years.

This situation still exists after 1776 American independence. According to the statistics of Dr. du bois, a famous black scholar, every 1 African black was transported to the United States, and at least five of them died tragically in the cruel slave-hunting war and suffering voyage. 1860, Abraham who opposed black slavery? Lincoln was elected as the 6th president of the United States/kloc-0, and released The Emancipation Proclamation in 1862. 1865 defeated the southern allies who insisted on serfdom. More than 200,000 blacks participated in the war against slavery in the South, and 40,000 blacks died in the war.

Since then, although slavery was abolished in law, blacks have gained freedom, but because the means of production and political power such as land are still in the hands of white planters, blacks only become tenants who rent land and distribute grain in cash and continue to be exploited and oppressed by planters. With the development of American capitalism and the extensive use of machines in agriculture, the vast number of blacks have left their homes and flowed into cities; After 1940, it gradually moved to the north and west of the United States.

In the more than four centuries since the first black people arrived in the United States in 161920s, the black people in the United States have developed the vast land of the United States with their own labor, sweat and wisdom, and created great wealth. According to statistics, only after World War I and during World War II, there were nearly 5,000 black patent inventions. However, they are still regarded as "inferior races", and they are still subjected to racial discrimination and segregation in election, residence, education, employment, transportation, public places, marriage, military affairs and justice. Especially in the southern States, the discrimination and persecution suffered by blacks are more serious. White racists also set up the Ku Klux Klan organization, persecuting blacks by brutal means such as terror, lynching, kidnapping and assassination. In this case, from the late 1950s to the 1960s, African-Americans launched a massive "civil rights movement" against racial discrimination and for freedom and equal rights. Their struggle was supported by other ethnic minorities and whites in the United States, especially in April 1968, when Martin, the black leader? Lu Se? After the assassination of Reverend King, the struggle against racial discrimination and persecution swept through more than 65,438+060 cities in the United States. Under the just struggle of the majority of blacks, after the mid-1960s, the federal government of the United States promulgated the Civil Rights Act to eliminate racial discrimination, which improved the situation of blacks, and more and more blacks were elected to all levels of government in the United States.

Major events involving blacks in American history:

The first African slaves arrived in Virginia, USA.

1863, President Lincoln released The Emancipation Proclamation. The civil war began.

The civil war ended in 1865. President Lincoln was killed. The amendment to Article 13 of the American Constitution outlaws slavery.

1868 the amendment to article 14 of the U.S. constitution grants citizenship to all African-American blacks.

1870, blacks won the right to vote.

1896, the supreme court ruled that apartheid was not unconstitutional, which gave the green light to the apartheid policies of southern States.

1955 On a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks, a black woman, refused to give up her seat to a white man and was arrested as a result. The incident triggered a year-long boycott led by Martin Luther King, a black civil rights leader, and successfully demanded that all buses be desegregated.

1963 Martin Luther king was arrested and imprisoned in a demonstration in Alabama. He gave a speech entitled "I have a dream" in Washington.

1964, President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act, abolishing the apartheid policy in public places. Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Malcolm X, the black civil rights leader, was murdered at the age of 39. The Senate passed the Voting Rights Act, breaking the shackles that bound blacks to vote.

Brooke of Massachusetts became the first black senator in 1966.

1967 Marshall was appointed as the first black judge to die in the Supreme Court.

1968 Martin Luther king was assassinated in Tennessee at the age of 39.

1990 wilder was elected as the first black governor to lead the Virginia government.

In 2008, Illinois Senator Obama became the first black man to lead an important American political party into the White House.