Implementation plan of Mars immigration plan

The first step to complete the concrete plan of self-sufficient settlement and immigration to Mars is to make Mars reach the critical point of "environmental globalization"-warming this cold planet. The temperature near the equator of Mars can sometimes reach above 0℃. In order to completely melt the frozen material of Mars, it is necessary to make the outer atmosphere of Mars reach at least 40℃. Unlike the earth's efforts to curb the greenhouse effect, Zuberlin said that humans will create a "huge greenhouse effect" on Mars. In Zuberlin's plan, the time to complete this step is about 2 150 years. Zuberlin put forward three plans to make Mars warm, and the third plan was approved by many scientists.

The first plan: space mirror

Zuberlin's first plan to heat Mars is a large mirror, whose diameter will exceed 120km and its orbit on the surface of Mars will exceed 2 1km. This kind of mirror will reflect sunlight to the designated area of Mars to release the atmosphere and water below the frozen surface. But this space mirror is too big, and the scientific level when humans put forward this concept could not make such a space mirror.

Option 2: Asteroid Impact

Many asteroids in space are made of frozen ammonia, which is an important greenhouse gas. Zuberlin's plan is to let an asteroid with a diameter of about 2.5 kilometers hit Mars. The huge energy generated by the impact will melt 1 trillion tons of ice on Mars into water, and the ammonia gas released after the asteroid impact can also greatly heat Mars. He estimated that 40 such impacts would make Mars habitable. However, it is also very difficult to realize this plan scientifically.

The third scheme: making greenhouse gases.

Zuberlin's third plan is to artificially produce greenhouse gases on Mars, which is considered to be the most feasible plan. Like many scientists, Zuberlin thinks that carbon tetrafluoride is the most effective greenhouse gas, and he plans to build several chemical plants on Mars to continuously produce carbon tetrafluoride. According to calculation, if 1000 tons of this gas is discharged every hour, the average temperature of Mars will rise by 27.8℃ within 30 years. This process is expected to consume 5,000 MW, and five nuclear power plants can meet these energy needs. With the continuous release of carbon dioxide in the soil, by 2250, the atmospheric content on Mars will reach 0.2 1 atm, equivalent to one-fifth of the earth, and most of it will be carbon dioxide. At this time, Martian residents can go outdoors without wearing spacesuits, and of course they need oxygen bags; Ordinary planes can take off and land on Mars; People will also build a closed city with a dome.

Once the temperature near the equator of Mars remains above 0℃ for many years, there will be a stable supply of liquid water on Mars. By 2250, plants can grow on Mars, but Zuberlin said, "The first thing to consider is fungi and mosses that can promote photosynthesis." The growth of plants means the production of oxygen, and photosynthesis gradually turns carbon dioxide into oxygen.

In order to speed up the production of oxygen, Martian residents will plant various plants on a large scale and treat all kinds of garbage carefully, because garbage corruption will produce a lot of carbon dioxide. In addition, genetic engineering will also be of great help. Zuberlin predicts that scientists will cultivate "super plants" that can release more oxygen.

The previous plan seemed to go well. In another 50 years, the atmosphere can be created, and in another 50 years, you can walk on Mars. But then it is a long process, because it will take about 65,438+0,000 years for Martian plants to release enough oxygen for human beings to breathe freely. In 1000 years, Martian residents will keep sowing and harvesting, and strive to "produce" more oxygen.