How high was the ancient city wall?

Question 1: The ancient city walls were tens of meters high, so how did you attack the city? There is no city wall that high. . . The average height of the city wall is only about 10 meters, and some places are even worse. I don't know if it is 5 meters high. tens of meters. . . It would be more than ten stories high. Which dynasty could afford to build it?

In ancient times, the only way to destroy a city was to rely on heaps of dead people and to climb up on a web using a ladder. The trebuchet has little effect. A stone hitting the city wall can destroy a piece of the boss, but trebuchets create trouble. Ten of them in a battle is already a lot, but with such a small amount, it will take only a few weeks to smash the city wall. . . The main function of the trebuchet is to deter the enemy and drop fire oil.

Some cities will use wooden city gates, and they will use wooden piles to punch the city gates. But some ancient European city gates were made entirely of iron and were placed from top to bottom, so even this method didn't work.

Therefore, the dilapidated city that often stands can only rely on piles of human lives and erecting ladders.

Question 2: How high is the ancient city wall in Xi'an? How many meters? Xi'an City Wall is located in the central area of ??Xi'an. It is rectangular in shape, with a wall height of 12 meters, a bottom width of 18 meters, and a top width of 15 meters. The east wall is 2590 meters long, the west wall is 2631.2 meters long, the south wall is 3441.6 meters long, and the total wall length is 3241 meters. The circumference is 11.9 kilometers. There are four city gates: East Changle Gate, Xi'an Ding Gate, South Yongning Gate, and North Anyuan Gate. Each gate is composed of an arrow tower and a tower. The existing city wall was built between the seventh and eleventh years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1374-1378). It has a history of more than 600 years and is the most complete ancient city wall building in my country.

Some experts believe that the ancient city wall is the most glorious architectural relic on the ground of this ancient capital of thirteen dynasties; its value can be said to be unparalleled.

According to accurate measurements, the ancient city wall of Xi'an is 13.912 kilometers long, 12 meters high, 18 meters wide at the bottom, and 15 meters wide at the top. Among them, the south city wall is 4256 meters long and the west city wall is 2706 meters long. They covered the imperial city during the Sui and Tang Dynasties and extended about 1/4 to the east and north respectively. The east city wall is 2886 meters long and the north city wall is 4262 meters long. They were built during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Build. The entire city wall, including a series of facilities such as moat, suspension bridge, gate tower, watchtower, main tower, turret, watchtower, parapet, and crenels, constitutes a strict and complete ancient medieval castle.

It can be said that every brick on the ancient city wall is like an ancient letter, a classic that interprets this ancient capital of thirteen dynasties.

In the second year of the founding of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty (582 AD), the famous architect Yu Wenkai was the chief architect of the capital construction and began to build the palace city and the imperial city. It was completed the following year. Then he built Guocheng. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Daxing City was still used as the capital, and Daxing City was renamed Chang'an City. In the fifth year of Yonghui (AD 654), Emperor Gaozong appointed Yan Xuande, Minister of Industry, to take charge of building the outer walls of Tang City and nine city gates and towers on the east, west and south sides in the spring and autumn. The outer city wall has a circumference of 36.7 kilometers, a width of 9 to 12 meters and a height of more than 5 meters. At that time, the city covered an area of ??84 square kilometers, with a large scale and a strict layout. There were 11 north-south streets and 14 east-west streets. The city was divided into 109 squares and two cities in the east and west. As Bai Juyi described, "Thousands of houses are like a chess game, and twelve streets are like vegetable beds." Tangcheng has become the largest capital city in the world, and it has become the center of world civilization.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao rebelled and captured Chang'an in 881 AD. The Japanese army of the Later Tang Dynasty quickly regained Chang'an. It is recorded in history that "Huang Chao was unable to win the battle and burned his palace and fled". At almost the same time, "the officers and soldiers looted violently, which was no different from 'thieves'. "There were not many houses and people left in Chang'an." However, it was Zhu who destroyed the city of Chang'an. Wen forced Tang Zhaozong to move the capital. Not only did the emperor and officials move, but Zhu Wen also demolished the palaces and houses of the people in Chang'an. The demolished timber was transported down the Wei River and the Yellow River to Luoyang, and the city of Tang Dynasty was destroyed. It was in ruins. Han Jian, the military governor stationed in Chang'an, rebuilt the city of Chang'an, abandoned the original Guocheng and the palace city, and used the Imperial City Wall as the new Chang'an City Wall. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang appointed his second son, King Zhu Gui, to guard Chang'an and renamed it "Xi'an". In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Song Guogong Feng Sheng presided over the restoration of Xi'an City and repaired the imperial city. It lasted 8 years. As for the Ming Dynasty City Wall, the south city wall and the west city wall were heightened and thickened on the basis of the Sui and Tang Dynasty Imperial City Walls, and extended by a quarter to the east and north respectively; the east city wall and the north city wall were demolished. During the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty (1568), the Shaanxi capital commander Zhang Zhi built green bricks on the inside and outside of the original Ming city wall. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1781), Shaanxi governor Bi Yuan renovated the city tower and added bricks. And the drainage system was improved. So far, the city wall has been preserved.

The Xi'an City Wall was born in the Ming Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty. Under the guidance of the Tang Dynasty, it was built entirely around the "defense" strategic system. The thickness of the city wall is greater than the height, and it is as stable as a mountain. The top of the wall includes a moat, a suspension bridge, a gate tower, an archery tower, and a main tower. A series of military facilities such as turrets, watchtowers, parapets, and crenellations have been completed. The city wall has undergone three major renovations since its completion.

In the second year of Longqing's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1568), Zhang Zhi, the governor of Shaanxi, presided over the restoration, turning the Tucheng into a brick city for the first time; in the forty-sixth year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1781), Bi Yuan, the governor of Shaanxi, presided over the renovation of the city walls and towers; since 1983 Since the year, the People's Government of Shaanxi Province and Xi'an City have carried out large-scale repairs to this ancient city wall, rebuilt the demolished east gate, north gate archery tower, south gate gate tower and suspension bridge, and built a city-ring park. This ancient building has regained its former style and become a major tourist attraction in Xi'an.

Recalling history...>>

Question 3: How high were the ancient towers? After expansion in the Ming Dynasty, the Xi'an City Wall was 12 meters high, 12-14 meters wide at the top, 15-18 meters wide at the bottom, and about 13.7 kilometers in circumference. An enemy tower was built every 120 meters on the city wall, protruding outside the city wall, with the top level with the city wall. This is specially set up for shooting enemies climbing the city. Half of the distance between the enemy towers is just within the effective range of the bow and arrow, which is often used to shoot the attacking enemy from the side. There are 98 enemy towers on the city wall, and enemy towers are built on them.

Question 4: How high is the height of ancient city walls? The height of city walls varies in different regions at different times.

With the advancement of city-building technology, city walls are getting taller and taller. For example, the city wall of Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was only 6 meters high, while the city wall of Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty was 12 meters high. Generally, the capital city is the highest, while other cities are shorter than the capital city.

However, there are exceptions, which are border fortresses such as Yanmen Pass, which is 10 meters high, and the average height of the Great Wall wall is 7.8 meters. Border fortresses are generally very strong to defend against enemies.

Due to different geographical environments, the height of the city is also different in different regions. For example, the city wall of Xia Guotong in the Sixteen Kingdoms was 10 meters high, which was about 8 meters, which was higher than some city walls in the Central Plains at that time.

Question 5: How many meters high were the walls of a relatively majestic city in ancient times? How many feet? Jinling City Wall (Nanjing)

It was built in the 26th year of Zhizheng in the Yuan Dynasty (1366 AD) and completed in the 19th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1386 AD). The inner circumference of the city wall is 33 kilometers, of which 1 kilometers exists. It is 14 to 18 meters high and 8 to 12 meters wide at the top. It is a masonry structure. There are 13 city gates, 4 of which are existing. There are water gates, sluices or culverts where the city wall connects with the waterway. There are 13,616 crenellations built on the city wall. The scale of the Nanjing City Wall is the largest in the world

Question 6: How high is the tallest known city wall in China? The Nanjing City Wall is the tallest city wall

It was built in the Yuan Dynasty Twenty-six years ago (1366 AD), it was built in the 19th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1386 AD). The inner circumference of the city wall is 33 kilometers, of which 21 kilometers exist. It is 14 to 18 meters high and 8 to 12 meters wide at the top. It is a masonry structure. There are 13 city gates, 4 of which are existing. There are water gates, sluices or culverts where the city wall connects with the waterway. There are 13,616 crenellations built on the city wall. The scale of the Nanjing City Wall is the largest in the world.

The city wall of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province was expanded from the Tang Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty city walls from the third year to the eleventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1370-1378 AD). The plane is rectangular, with a circumference of 11.9 kilometers, a height of 12 meters, and a top width of 12-14 meters. There is a moat 20 meters wide and 10 meters deep outside the city wall. The walls are covered with green bricks, which are thick and solid, and there are gates on the east, west, north and south sides. There are towers, arrow towers, and gate towers built on the city gate, which are majestic and majestic. There is an urn between the city tower and the arrow tower. There is a turret at each of the four corners of the city. This is the only complete ancient large-scale city wall in my country. The city wall has now been turned into a city-ring park.

Jingzhou City Wall

This is the city wall of Jiangling County, Hubei Province. It is said that it was built by Guan Yu when he was guarding Jingzhou during the Three Kingdoms period. It was originally an earthen wall but was rebuilt into a brick wall in the Southern Song Dynasty. The current city wall was rebuilt in the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1646 AD). The city wall is 9 meters high, 10 meters wide and 9 kilometers in circumference. The city walls, gates, battlements, etc. are now well preserved and look antique, like a wandering dragon.

Xiangyang City Wall

Located in Xiao Xiangyang County, Hubei Province. The original city wall was destroyed in the late Yuan Dynasty, and the current city wall was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty. The city is 8 meters high, 6 kilometers in circumference, with six gates on four sides and turrets on all four corners. Climbing the small north gate tower, you can overlook the Han River in the north, Xian Mountain in the south, and pay homage to the ancient battlefield.

Xingcheng City Wall

The city wall of Ningyuan Acropolis is located in Xingcheng, Liaoning. The city wall is well preserved and belongs to the Ming Dynasty. It is more than 800 meters long from north to south and east to west, 10 meters high and 4.5 meters wide at the top. There are two gate towers in the west and south. There are still many pavements and streets from the Ming and Qing Dynasties within the city walls. The entire city is like a Ming Dynasty architectural museum.

Pingyao City Wall

Built in the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1370), it is located in Pingyao County, Shanxi Province. The circumference is 6 kilometers, the height is 8-10 meters, the bottom width is 8-12 meters, and the top width is 3-6 meters. The wall is made of plain earth, and the outer wall is made of bricks and white ash. There are 6 gates around the city, and an urn city is built outside the gate. Pingyao City Wall has many horse faces, beautiful appearance and complete defensive facilities. It is the only city wall in China's history and is famous for its ancient city building techniques. The three city walls in the north, east and south and the Kuixing Tower in the east and west corners are now more complete after repairs.

Question 7: How high is the wall of the Great Wall? How thick is it? This is not necessarily true. The height, thickness and construction quality of the Great Wall vary depending on the location and the importance of the checkpoints, such as brick walls, rubble walls and rammed earth walls. The height of the brick wall ranges from 3 to 5 meters, and the widest width can be used for trolleys. The height of the rubble wall is generally about two meters, the maximum width is three to four meters, and the narrowest point is only about 40 centimeters. Rammed earth walls should be distributed in the northwest, so I don’t have much material, I hope you will adopt it

Question 8: How high is the ancient city? The early city walls were very simple, such as the wide walls at the Houtun site in Anyang, Henan A low rammed earth wall of only 2 to 4 meters, and a stone wall with a height of only 1.7 meters at the top of the remaining wall at the Ashan site in the eastern suburbs of Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Because they were so short, these walls didn't even need foundations. But don't underestimate them. It was enough to deal with the battles that were better called wars than wars at that time.

In the middle and late period of Longshan Culture, that is, the era of the Five Emperors, with the prosperity of tribes, real cities began to appear. As one of the representative Danping Liangtai ancient cities, the shape has been square, indicating that the city layout has a unified plan. The city wall is 740 meters long, about 6 meters high, 13 meters thick at the root, and 8-10 meters wide at the top, which can accommodate large buildings. Mobilization and fighting of troops. The construction of this wall adopts the advanced slab construction method, that is, the steep inner wall is first rammed, and then reinforced with protective slopes on both sides. This method can increase the height while inhibiting the simultaneous growth of the slope, making the city wall steeper. Difficult to attack. With the emergence of such taller city walls, foundations have become an indispensable part of the project in order to avoid collapse due to soil quality problems.

At the end of the 21st century BC, the first empire in Chinese history, Xia, was established. However, the establishment of the empire did not promote the development of city defense facilities in the Xia Dynasty, and the defense level of the ancient city of Pingliangtai has not been surpassed throughout its history. It was not until the early Shang Dynasty that city walls with a root thickness of about 20 meters and a height of about 10 meters were erected around the city whose area had expanded rapidly since the Xia Dynasty. The city walls at this time were not only taller, but also more meticulously crafted. After the slope is leveled, it will be paved with gravel to prevent rainwater erosion. There are ramming nests between the rammed layers of the inner wall, so that the rammed layers are embedded and the city wall is stronger.

It was an outstanding civil servant named Chen Gui in the early Southern Song Dynasty who proposed the idea of ??systematic city defense. This man was extremely strategic, invented the bamboo pole musket, and commanded a large number of defensive battles. He also experienced firsthand the huge impact of cluster bombardment of trebuchets on both offense and defense. In particular, the Jin Army launched 9 attacks on De'an, each using trebuchets. The last one was bombarded continuously for 14 days and nights. You can imagine what a tragic scene it was. However, with his extraordinary strategy, he repeatedly defeated numerous Jin armies in various cities, establishing his historical status as the first person in city defense in that era. The "City Guarding Record" written by him is still one of the most famous military books in ancient China.

The traditional thinking of city defense involves both fortification design and defense tactics.

The ideal city should have the following improvements.

After the moat, 6-9 meters away from the city wall, there is a sheep and horse wall 4 meters high and 3 meters thick. There are three "pin" shaped shooting holes on the wall. There is a trench behind the sheep and horse wall. Then there was another wall. A barrier zone of two trenches and three walls was formed.

The wide top of the city wall was narrowed to 5-6 meters to reduce the chance of being hit by stone bullets. The female wall with butts was replaced by a flat-headed wall that could withstand stone bombardment. Two rows of holes were staggered in the wall for shooting and assassination purposes. Flat walls were built on horseback to replace war huts that could not withstand stone bomb attacks. The city corners were changed from the former right-angled corners that were more likely to be destroyed by stone bombs to semi-circular ones, and the turrets that were easy targets for bombardment were abolished.