Reform scheme of Henan college entrance examination system

Reform scheme of college entrance examination system in China

Author Zhu, Qi,

In 2007, it was the 30th year that China resumed the national unified college entrance examination system after the Cultural Revolution disaster. Restoring the college entrance examination system was an important measure to set things right at that time, thus restoring the standard of selecting talents based on academic ability and the social justice of "everyone is equal before grades", unifying the fairness and efficiency of the college entrance examination system, making it deeply rooted in people's hearts and recognized by history and society; At the same time, the limitations, disadvantages and negative values of the college entrance examination system are also exposed. The college entrance examination system is a link between the preceding and the following, which plays a decisive role in the reform of colleges and secondary education, has a strong baton role in primary and secondary education, and is an appropriate "breakthrough" to promote the reform of substantive education system. It can be said that the conditions are ripe for putting the college entrance examination reform on the important agenda and accelerating the reform.

First, the basic values and objectives of college entrance examination reform

1, the basic value of college entrance examination reform

Ensure fair education. Ensure that different regions and different groups of people enjoy roughly the same access to higher education and access to quality education.

Change the score as the only evaluation criterion. Evaluate students comprehensively, promote students' coordinated development and personality development, and avoid falling into the quagmire of examination.

Change "one test paper to test everyone" Promote the diversification, multi-track and flexibility of examination selection methods, improve the effectiveness of selecting and evaluating talents in colleges and universities, and make different types of talents suitable.

Expand the autonomy of college enrollment. Through the open and democratic system construction of college enrollment, this power finally returns to colleges and universities.

Attach importance to and expand students' right to choose. Under the background of popularization of higher education and students paying for schools, the "student-oriented" examination reform should give students more rights to choose colleges and universities.

Adhere to the localization reform of the college entrance examination proposition. The significance of the independent proposition of each province lies in providing institutional space for the diversified development of the college entrance examination model. The emergence of multiple examination institutions is also conducive to the promotion of examination evaluation technology itself in the competition.

2. The target model of China's college entrance examination system reform.

The goal model of the college entrance examination system reform is to take the national unified academic level examination as the main factor, supplemented by the multiple entrance evaluation of high school academic performance and after-school comprehensive performance; Colleges and universities determine the admission criteria, and enroll students independently after the test or interview. The basic pattern is:

After 5- 10 years' efforts, a national college entrance examination enrollment system with unity and diversity, summative evaluation and formative evaluation, university autonomy and student autonomy, national macro-control, independent enrollment of universities and social participation has been established.

Second, the basic plan of China's college entrance examination system reform

The real realization of the above-mentioned target mode depends on the corresponding social environment and institutional conditions, which is an ideal worth pursuing. As a transitional mode, the realistic college entrance examination reform mainly includes the following aspects.

1, multi-track examination subjects

At present, the focus of college entrance examination reform is the reform of examination subjects, which has formed different models based on 3+X. The basic problem of this model is to divide students into arts and sciences for identification and selection. The problem of this model is that it is too rough to test everyone's evaluation with a test paper, and it is difficult to identify and select different types of talents more effectively according to the needs of different types of universities and the characteristics of different disciplines.

It is suggested that according to the concept of classified management of colleges and universities, colleges and universities should be divided into three categories: research universities, local universities and higher vocational colleges, and then divided into liberal arts, science, engineering technology, biomedicine and art and sports. In the high school curriculum, it is necessary to determine the difficulty of different examination subjects and contents, and form a variety of "packages" that can meet the needs of different students. Schematic diagram is as follows.

Multi-track schematic diagram of college entrance examination subjects

Liberal arts 65438+ 0 English 1 history 1 maths 2 Chinese 1 English 2+ history 2 maths 3 Chinese 2 English 3 science 2 English 1 science 1 maths 2+0 maths 65438. 0 engineering Chinese 2 English 1 science 2 math 1 Chinese 2 English 2+ science 1 math 2 Chinese 2 English 3+ science 2 math 3 biology and medical Chinese 2 English 1 biology, chemistry math/Chinese 2 English 2+ science 1 math/kloc.

Note: The course number is the difficulty coefficient, 1 the highest.

2. The test content is mainly based on the ability level test.

At present, the content of college entrance examination is basically a knowledge level test, which is characterized by closely following the "outline" and focusing on memorizing knowledge and problem-solving skills, and can improve the performance through intensive training. It guides and strengthens the exam-oriented training such as rote memorization and naval battle in middle school education, which is not only difficult to "reduce the burden" for students, but also difficult to promote quality education and cultivate students' creativity and independent thinking ability.

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The national college entrance examination in the world, taking SAT and GRE in the United States as examples, is mainly a level test, which tests students' more basic analysis, judgment and logical thinking ability, and is a more scientific and basic evaluation. China's civil service examination has also completed the transformation from knowledge level examination to ability level examination. It is necessary to determine the direction of the reform of college entrance examination content and gradually increase the proportion of ability questions (for example, increase 10% every year). At present, a certain proportion of ability test questions can be added to the college entrance examination, and the basic knowledge and ability level can be combined with the comprehensive problem-solving ability in the content design to change the examination-oriented education tendency of the whole basic education.

3, change the "one test for life"

It is obvious that the one-time college entrance examination results are used as the evaluation of students' changing fate. The spring college entrance examination implemented in recent years is an effective attempt to change this drawback; However, because there are too few colleges and universities participating in the spring college entrance examination, the results are not the same as those in the summer college entrance examination, which has become the college entrance examination in higher vocational colleges, losing its appeal and gradually shrinking.

Reform to increase the number of college entrance examination students. The first is to strengthen the spring college entrance examination, increase the number of colleges and universities, improve the enrollment level, and make it an exam with the same specifications and weight as the summer college entrance examination, so that students can get two college entrance examination opportunities and choose the best colleges and universities. Another idea of multiple examinations is to implement socialized examinations in certain subjects. English can be tested socially at the beginning, and several tests are set up by specialized institutions every year. Candidates provide their highest personal English scores as college entrance examination results.

4. Explore the comprehensive quality evaluation.

Because the one-time written test can't fully reflect the actual state of students, it is necessary to change the evaluation method based on the results of college entrance examination, and take the students' high school scores and comprehensive quality as an important reference.

Comprehensive evaluation can include students' three-year average grades in high school, students' growth records, teachers' comments records, practical activities records, social welfare activities records, sports literature and art activities records and other materials. In addition, candidates' interviews can also be evaluated through colleges and universities.

Because the social credit environment is not satisfactory, the school's self-discipline and social supervision mechanism are immature. Although this reform is very important, it is difficult to operate in reality. You can try it out in the reform of the senior high school entrance examination and accumulate experience. Can be carried out in some relatively qualified universities and high schools, the premise is to establish an accountability system, democratic and open social participation and public opinion supervision mechanism, once there is fraud, hell to pay.

Third, reform the college entrance examination enrollment system.

Comparatively speaking, the reform of college entrance examination in China in recent years mainly focuses on examination subjects, while ignoring the reform of enrollment system, which is the main link that affects the fairness of college entrance examination in a large area.

1, balance the differences of enrollment places in different places.

China's long-standing allocation of admission places lacks the consideration of regional fairness. Because the admission places in different places are not set according to the number of candidates, the admission rates vary greatly from place to place. The scores of Shandong, Hubei and other populous provinces are more than 100 points higher than those of big cities, resulting in unreasonable phenomena such as "the scores of college entrance examination are tilted" and "college entrance examination immigrants".

The fundamental reason for this phenomenon is the huge difference in local higher education resources formed by history. The fundamental solution is to accelerate the development of local higher education in populous provinces. Under the condition that the difference of local higher education resources has not been fundamentally changed, the central government has made the new enrollment opportunities mainly tilt to those provinces with large population through macro-control, and has made narrowing the admission rate gap between different places as an important policy goal.

2. Change the localization of enrollment in key universities.

In the new round of adjustment and merger of colleges and universities since the end of 1990s, some well-known research universities have expanded their resources through co-construction with local governments, resulting in serious localization of school enrollment. In 2005, the proportion of local students in some research universities was: Peking University/KOOC-0/7%, Tsinghua University/KOOC-0/6%, Beihang/KOOC-0/3%, Beijing Institute of Technology/KOOC-0/%; Fudan University 44%, Shanghai Jiaotong University 47%, Wuhan University 50%, Nanjing University 55%, Zhejiang University 6 1%.

The localization of enrollment in research universities not only reduces the opportunities for outstanding international students to obtain high-quality higher education, but also infringes on educational equity; It also reduces the quality of students to a certain extent, which runs counter to the goal of creating a first-class university. According to the principle of classified management of universities and the purpose of research universities, national research universities must mainly recruit national students, and the proportion of local students should be controlled at a reasonable level. This level can be determined through research, such as not higher than the proportion of local financial support in school funds; Not higher than the proportion of local students before enrollment expansion, and so on.

3. Reduce and cancel some special policies.

Author: 100 hearts, 0 fans 2007- 12-25 09:4 1 Reply to this speech 3 China's college entrance examination system reform program

In the college entrance examination admission system, there are many special policies besides equality before scores. Some of these policies have important values such as taking care of vulnerable groups (such as minority students) and special groups (such as students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), some guarantee the supply of talents in special industries (such as systems), and some break the single score evaluation and open up channels for special talents, such as policies such as walking students, special students, three good students and outstanding student cadres. However, under the influence of social corruption in exam-oriented education, many of these policies go against the original intention, and even become hotbeds of corruption for some powerful classes and vested interests, directly challenging the fairness of education and causing strong social dissatisfaction.

On the basis of investigation and study, we should distinguish different situations, reduce and cancel special policies such as targeted students, students walking, special enrollment, outstanding students and outstanding student cadres, block the institutional channels that lead to corruption in the college entrance examination, and purify the examination environment of fair competition.

4. Expand the autonomy of college enrollment.

Enrollment right is the autonomy of colleges and universities stipulated by the higher education law. In the process of college entrance examination system reform, it is the value and direction that must be adhered to to to implement and expand the autonomy of colleges and universities. There are many ways to realize the autonomy of college enrollment, such as college independent proposition and examination enrollment; Similar universities or disciplines implement joint examinations; Add examination subjects and interviews on the basis of national unified examination; On the basis of the national unified examination system, the examination subjects and admission standards of our school are determined, and so on.

The main focus of expanding the autonomy of college enrollment is educational equity. The process of empowerment of colleges and universities must be synchronized with the system construction of colleges and universities, so that colleges and universities can establish an open and fair system guarantee and gain social supervision and trust. This is based on the two basic systems of information disclosure and public participation, and the real sunshine enrollment is implemented. Fully disclose all kinds of enrollment information through the network platform; At the same time, a "delegation" composed of government officials, parents, teachers, alumni representatives and the media participated in the enrollment process.

5. Give students the right to choose a university.

The design of the current college entrance examination system strictly limits students' right to apply. Different colleges and universities in the same batch cannot enroll students at the same time, and most colleges and universities do not consider students' second choice, thus making volunteering a science. Some candidates with excellent grades have failed to fill in their volunteers and lost opportunities. In the era of popularization of higher education, the student-oriented system design requires giving students more autonomy to apply for exams and the right to choose colleges and universities. Only when students have the right to choose colleges and universities will colleges and universities really have competition to improve their services and attract outstanding students.

It is suggested that in the process of enrollment, the same batch of colleges and universities should enroll students simultaneously regardless of their wishes. This means that a student may receive admission notices from several universities. In order to avoid the waste of places in colleges and universities, it is necessary to extend the admission cycle and change the current one-time admission into multiple admissions. In this regard, it needs to be carefully designed and piloted. There is no reason why this universal enrollment model cannot be implemented in China.

6. Socialization of college entrance examination.

In order to change the practice of taking the enrollment rate of college entrance examination as the evaluation of high school, we must strengthen the system of senior high school entrance examination and implement the socialization of college entrance examination. After passing the exam and obtaining the high school diploma, students will leave the high school stage. Candidates apply to the local police station or neighborhood Committee, and the college admission notice is also sent directly to candidates, separating the college entrance examination results from high school. The value of this measure lies in that although high schools can still know the graduates, it is difficult for local governments to accurately rank schools according to the enrollment rate of college entrance examination, thus weakening the tough "command" of college entrance examination to high schools and liberating most high schools. Beijing has tried this method and achieved positive results.