"Which dynasty did Jia Dao belong to?" Why is the first general of Qin Sima Cuo instead of Wang Jian?

If you vote for the first place of the King of Qin and Wang Jian is wily, your god of war will undoubtedly gain a lot. But there is such a famous soldier whose exploits are not dazzling. He is not good at battlefield operations, but he is a master of strategy to help Qin unify the whole country.

Who is Qin's name? I am afraid there are several candidates. It is estimated that Tian Lei and Wang Jian have more votes.

Needless to say, Wang Jianzi, one of the four famous ministers of the Warring States, was there when something happened in Zhao Ping. As for Tian Lei, he was the first person to kill God in ancient and modern times. From the eighth year of the Qin Dynasty to the fifty-first year, in more than one hundred years, * * * killed the enemy 1.3 million people, including 920,000 in one place alone.

But to vote for the first Qin, or to vote for the forgotten one: Sima Cuo! Compared with Wang Jian's wily, Tian Lei's god of war is not dazzling, and fighting on the battlefield is not his strong point. But he is a master of strategy, and "drifting the river to attack Chu" laid a unified world. This is his handwriting.

East or south?

Although the Seven Heroes of the Warring States were unified in the State of Qin, their comprehensive national strength still depended on the State of Chu.

Chu is famous for its three highs and one low. Three highs means a large population, a large area and a high GDP, and one low means a low IQ of the ruling group. When the territory of Chu was the widest, its territory was equivalent to today's 1 1 province, with developed economy and prosperous culture. It is easy to arrange the clock and compose music. Unfortunately, there are no military and political talents here. Only a few people such as Wu Qi are skilled immigrants.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu Jin fought for hegemony. In several wars, except the cleverest one, Chu was defeated. Later, he was bullied by Wu and even lost the capital.

After Qin became powerful, Chu became more fragile. The ruler of Chu had a low IQ, and then a master appeared. Chu Huaiwang may have been kicked in the head by a pig. Controlled by Zhang Yi of Qin State, he was tricked into disowning Qi State. When he found himself angry and attacked Qin, he was beaten out of the water. Finally, he was held hostage by Qin in the name of the League of Nations and sacrificed in vain.

Chu, even if he has money, he can't help doing so. Finally, he showed signs of decline. Later, although the king was different from Wang Huai, he made no progress and destroyed rivers and mountains step by step. Of course, Qin can't hurt rp too much. Therefore, there is a saying of "killing Qin violently", and there is also a poisonous oath of "Although there are three Chu schools, Qin will die". After the death of Qin Shihuang, Chen Sheng and Guangwu burned his boat and killed 200,000 Red Army soldiers under the banner of "Zhang Chu". Qin always pays back when he comes out to hang out.

Qin's destruction of Chu is a long process. In 3 18 BC, he led the first unification, which made Qin realize that it was necessary to deal with Chu. After the Battle of Lantian in 3 13 BC, the Battle of Chongqiu in 302 BC and the Battle of Xiangcheng in 300 BC, Chu basically recovered its original shape, and the time was almost ripe to destroy the country. However, there was a debate about where to start until an accidental event helped Qin make a decision.

Shu, which occupied the Sichuan Basin at that time, was a big country in the west of China. King Shu sealed Hanzhong to his younger brother Mihou, but Mihou became friends with his old enemy Pakistan. King Shu was furious and sent his troops to crusade. He fled Pakistan and asked Qin for help. King Huiwen of Qin wanted to take Shu, but he was hesitant because he was at war with South Korea.

Zhang yi

On the surface, attacking Korea and taking Shu is just a question of succession, which is actually related to the overall strategy of Qin State. At this time, Zhang Yi usually takes the lead in speaking.

Zhang Yi, the initiator of Lian Heng strategy, has been playing a game between Chu and Han. Later, I went to Wei, got a seal, and recently returned to Qin. He is a typical politician, who always emphasizes seven-point politics politically and three-point military militarily, so he advocates attacking South Korea first, and he also talks a lot.

His theory is still a scholar's routine, which is very attractive, but its feasibility is doubtful.

Now we can form an alliance with Wei and Chu, send troops to Sanchuan, cut off Tieyuan and Gouguan, cut off the road of stationing and staying, cut off the road between Wei and Nanyang, attack Xincheng and Yiyang, and arrive at the gates of Luoyang. At this time, Zhou Wang, who exists in name only, will be scared out of her wits, hand over the imperial edict and let Qin wait for him to dominate. "。

Zhang Yi is getting more and more excited, as if the world is under his control. Finally, he simply said, "Shu is a wild land, although it is small." If you want to attack in a corner, you may get nothing. "

From these words, we can see that Zhang Yi's thought still stays in the Spring and Autumn Period, and can't keep up with the pace of the times. The trend of Qin's unification has been formed. Then why do you still use the banner of Zhou? For no reason, the notoriety of robbing the emperor fell! It is the general trend for Qin Jun to go to Hangu Pass and win the Central Plains, but it is simply a foolish strategy to go deep into the mountains and fight to the death with Sanjin. This strategy also exposed the selfishness of Zhang Yi. He is mainly a conspiracy of political enemy Gongsun Yan. When Zhang Yi was alone, he refused to eat this YaBaKui, so he advocated going east.

Zhang Yi's nonsense annoyed Sima Cuo, and he immediately stood up and refuted it. Among the generals of the State of Qin, Sima Cuo has always kept a low profile and his fame is not as good as that of Tian Lei, but some people think that he is the best strategist of the State of Qin. Sima Cuo's proposition is very clear, putting Shu first.

It is believed that Sima Cuo and Qin are indispensable for unifying the whole country, expanding territory, increasing wealth and implementing benevolent policies. Of course, we should start with the simplest extension. Although Shu is rich and has a vast territory, it is a barbarian country and is located in the frontier. Qin took it, and other countries did not interfere. On the contrary, eastward advancement will inevitably lead to resistance from the six countries. Taking Shu will not only expand the territory, but also gain wealth, killing two birds with one stone.

This analysis was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and ministers nodded frequently. However, this is only the first step of Sima Cuo's grand strategy. After the victory of Shu, it occupied the upstream land, accepted Bashu soldiers, built a big ship to float the river, attacked Chu and won. After Chu's death, the world can be stable. Sima Cuo's strategy is clear and feasible. Qin Huiwen immediately adopted this strategy, and appointed Zhang Yi and Sima Cuo to jointly command the war.

We can say responsibly that without Sima Cuo's plan, it would take at least 50 years for Qin to unify the whole country. On the eastern front, Qin fought for twenty or thirty years, and today it will cut 100 thousand and tomorrow it will cut 200 thousand. You can't hurt Sanjin now, but sometimes a second-rate general can't beat Zhao.

Sima Cuo's insistence on taking Shu has another meaning, which Zhang Yi and many later generations don't want to understand. Qin is invincible because his exploits are insanely high:

1. An ordinary soldier chopped an officer, gave him a knighthood and got a hectare of land, nine acres of house and a slave;

2. Officers can also be promoted to 50 stone officers;

3. Baishi Town can promote two officers;

4. Anyone who kills more than 5 people can get 5 slaves as slaves.

In the past 100 years, Qin Jun only destroyed10.3 million enemies, with an average of/kloc-0 1.3265 million enemies per year, equivalent to 37 people a day. If these rewards are fulfilled, Qin will increase the number of landlords and slaves, which is simply unbearable for the country, not to mention the agricultural potential of Guanzhong Plain has been squeezed to the limit. If new resources are not injected, Qin's war machine will stop running sooner or later.

Take it away.

However, Shu is notoriously difficult. If Qin wants to enter Shu smoothly, it is inevitable to play some tricks.

Ancient Shu is one of the most mysterious countries in history. Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu" is about this country, until the two rulers in this area struggled in the hazy era. Du Yu, the founding monarch of Shu, is known as the "half-man, half-god, wise and open-minded" emperor and is deeply loved by the people. Later, according to Yao Shunyu, Du Yu gave the throne to Gui Ling, the king of Shu.

After Master Roshi's death, all the kings of Shu lived up to their names. Qin Huiwen seized the opportunity, chiseled five Shi Niu, and put a pile of gold behind each ass, saying it was Shi Niu. As soon as King Shu heard the news, he sent someone to inquire. Qin Huiwen readily promised, so the King of Shu called the famous five strong men and took the mountain to see Shi Niu. This is the story of "Five Dingshan". This road starts from today's Shaanxi.

Unfortunately, the road was clear, but Shi Niu didn't transport it out. Let Qin think of some way without brains. The "kind" state of Qin promised to send five more beautiful women, and the king of Shu sent five strong men to meet them. As a result, he suffered a landslide on the way, and both the strong man and the beautiful woman died.

This legend can only be read as a story, but as soon as the stone was smashed, Qin Jun came. In 3 16 BC, Sima Cuo, Zhang Yi and Dewey marched into Shu with the sword of the stone ox. The Shu army was defeated in World War I, and the King of Shu fled Wu Yin. Speaking of it, the Shu army is really incompetent. Miao Meng is a natural barrier. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei's third-rate general Huo Jun kept it for more than a year.

Shu Wu and Sima Cuo simply put Ba Heju together. King Huiwen of Qin reduced Shu to Hou, made the prince of imperial clan as Hou, and appointed Chen Zhuang as the general of Shu. Unexpectedly, in 3 10 BC, Chen Zhuang suddenly betrayed the state of Qin. Fortunately, Sima Cuo killed him in time to quell the rebellion. In 30 1 year BC, the successor of Hou Yi of Shu turned against him, and Sima Cuo killed him again, so Shu was completely pacified.

Political stability and economic prosperity are the primary conditions for Shu to become the logistics base for Qin to unify the whole country. From 3 16 BC, Zhang Ruo, the ruler of Qin State, was in charge of this project for 40 years. Sichuan is vast and sparsely populated, so more than 10,000 families in Zhang Ruo moved to Sichuan to settle down. According to Xianyang's specifications, Chengdu is divided into big cities and small cities, which are supervised by Zhang Ruo, Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi respectively.

In addition, Yuncheng and Yuncheng each built a new city, and Yuncheng was located in Qilihe River. These three cities were combined into one to safeguard the safety of Shu. Silk weaving, ironmaking and salt making are the economic lifeblood of Sichuan. Zhang Ruo has established an organization specializing in silk weaving, hence the names Jinguan and Jinli. Now it has become a famous snack street in Chengdu, and everyone can go shopping.

In Zhang Ruo, salt is the biggest headache. At first, Shu was rich in salt wells. Lun Heng said "give up salt wells and deep springs", but before Qin entered Shu, Chu had invaded Qingjiang River and Funiu Mountain salt springs. After the demise of Bashu, the Chu army occupied the salt spring east of Linjiang. Although the Qin Dynasty was in Sichuan, the salt was scarce and the political situation was unstable. In order to achieve long-term stability, Chu had to recapture the salt spring.

Du Ying Wang Qi suddenly received

Sima Cuo's grand strategy has finally come to an end. This time, Qin attacked Chu from three strategic directions. The Northern Route Army left Wuguan from the famous Tian Lei and attacked Wancheng, Yexian and Xiangfan near Du Ying. The other two routes are under the unified command of Sima Cuo. The Ming army crossed Daba Mountain, and Wuxia occupied Xiling, cutting off the connection between Chu and the Yangtze River. The South Route Army attacked the vast areas in central Guizhou and Yuanjiang from Baxian via Wuling Mountain, and made a detour to the rear of Chu.

In 280 BC, Sima Cuo led an army of 100,000 troops from Longxi and Bashu, took more than 10,000 ships by boat, loaded with 6 million grains, and unexpectedly wedged into the central part of Chu, occupying the central county of Guizhou. In 279 BC, Qin and Zhao met in Mianchi, and Lin Xiangru won enough face for Zhao, while Qin stabilized this powerful enemy and only tried to deal with Chu. The Northern Route Army was on a roll, defeating dozens of Wan Chu troops and occupying Yan, Deng, Xiling and other places, winning Chu without fighting.

Qin attacked Shu for only 30 years, but it was able to accumulate grain and adjust hundreds of thousands of soldiers, which shows the significance of attacking Shu. Therefore, Zhang Yi, who advocated eastward advancement, later boasted to the King of Chu: "There are Bashu in the west of Qin, and there are huge boats accumulating millet. Since Wenshan, the floating water has reached more than 3,000 miles in Chu. The ship is carrying a soldier. In March, the ship carried 50 people and food. It floats in the water and travels more than 300 miles every day. Although there are many miles, it doesn't need any effort. Keep the customs closed for less than 10 days. Close the well first, and then defend the eastern boundary of the city. Neither Guizhou nor Wu is a king. Although the Qin family went out of Wuguan, they had a southern expedition, but they never made a northern expedition. In March, it was dangerous to attack Chu late, and Chu saved the princes. It was half a year later and it was genocide.

In 277 BC, well-prepared Zhang Ruo launched a deadly attack on Chu. His goal is to recapture the occupied salt spring. At that time, Yanyuan and Yanbian in Sichuan, Huaping, Yongsheng and Ninglang in Yunnan were called "rice", and Lijiang, Dayao and Yaoan on the other side of Jinsha River were called "Jiangnan". Zhang Ruo went down the river and occupied these two places. Incorporated into the previously occupied Suizhong County. Qin was transferred to Suizhong county magistrate, and water conservancy expert Li Bing took over as Shu Shou.

Chucheng couldn't keep it, and it was defeated and fought repeatedly, so it had to cede the land north of Hanshui River to Qin State and move the capital away from Chen.

At this point, the grand chess game designed by Sima Cuo to conquer Bashu and attack Chu came to a successful conclusion. Chu lost teachers and land, while Qin's territory expanded several times, and it was very rich, occupying the land in the upper reaches. The trend of merger is irreversible.

People often forget that the great victory in the battle of Changping fell in a pool of blood. In fact, strategic decisive battle is very dangerous. If Zhao is led by Li Mu or Lian Po, who will die is unknown. It's true. Zhao Changping lost hundreds of thousands of people, but after Li Mu recovered the garrison troops, he was defeated by powerful people twice. This shows that it is not easy for Qin to simply overwhelm Zhao from the battlefield. Sima Yi chose the weak direction and made a small defeat.