Who are the famous figures in the Han Dynasty?

Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty (156 BC - 87 BC) was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the tenth son of Han Jing Emperor Liu Qi, the grandson of Han Wen Emperor Liu Heng, and the great-grandson of Liu Bang. His mother was Wang Quan, and his queen was Wei Zifu. He was established as a prince when he was seven years old, ascended the throne at the age of 16, and died at the age of seventy. (He ascended the throne in the first month of the third year after Emperor Jing (141 BC), died in February of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (87 BC), and reigned for fifty-four years and one month.) A 54-year reign. An unprecedented achievement. His talents and strategies, as well as his civil and military skills, made the Han Dynasty the most powerful country in the world at that time. The Western Han Empire under his rule was more powerful than the Roman Empire. It has become the undisputed center of world civilization, and the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has also become one of the most proud and great eras in the history of the Chinese nation.

Life

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor in the history of China to use a reign title. After he ascended the throne, he continued his father's policy, weakened the power of the princes, and issued an order of favor proposed by the minister Zhufu Yan, allowing the princes to make their sons princes, thus dividing the princes' fiefdoms. At the same time, he introduced the official rank of governor to strengthen local control. He also strengthened the centralization of power in the military and economy, organizing iron smelting, salt boiling, brewing and other matters into central management. At the same time, he prohibited the vassal states from minting money, so that finances were concentrated in his hands. He adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion to "depose hundreds of schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone", paving the way for Confucianism's special status in ancient China. However, it is generally believed that he used Confucianism to unify his thoughts, and at the same time used magic and criminal names to strengthen his rule, which is the so-called "external Confucianism and legalism". Ji An and his use of castration against Sima Qian, which was actively promoted at that time, are famous examples.

When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to the throne, on the one hand, the political situation was relatively stable and the country's economic situation was relatively good. On the other hand, the factors that divided the princes and kingdoms still existed. Therefore, while continuing to implement the policies of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, he also adopted a series of measures to strengthen the centralization of authoritarianism. In terms of politics, first of all, the "Tianfa Order" was issued to enable the princes and kings to enfeoff their children as marquises and divide the kingdom's fiefdoms to further weaken the power of the princes and kingdoms; secondly, the establishment of China and North Korea weakened the power of the prime minister and consolidated the sacred status of imperial power; Thirteen more governors were set up to strengthen local control. In the military aspect, it mainly concentrated military power and enriched the central military power; in the economic aspect, it rectified the finances, issued "calculation" and "reporting" orders, levied asset taxes on merchants, and cracked down on wealthy businessmen; it also adopted Sang Hongyang It was suggested that iron smelting and salt boiling should be brought back to the government, and counties and counties should be prohibited from casting money; leveling officials and uniform officials should be set up, and transportation and trade should be operated by the government, which greatly enhanced the country's economic strength. At the same time, water conservancy projects were built, people immigrated to the northwest to farm, and the "farming method" was implemented, which was conducive to the development of agricultural production. In terms of thinking, adopt Dong Zhongshu's suggestions. Deposing hundreds of schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone, Confucianism became the ruling ideology of Chinese society and had a profound impact on later generations of Chinese politics, society, and culture.

Externally, he adopted both soft and hard tactics. On the one hand, he sent Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to conquer the Xiongnu, eliminating the threat from the Xiongnu and ensuring the economic and cultural development of the north. He eliminated the Yelang and Nanyue regimes, established seven counties in the southwest, and restored today's Guangdong and Guangxi regions to Chinese territory after the Qin Dynasty. At the same time, he sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions, opened up the Silk Road, strengthened his rule over the Western Regions, and developed economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West. In the east, he sent troops to destroy Wei's North Korea (North Korea) and established it as the four counties of Lelang, Xuantu, Lintun and Zhenfan.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attached great importance to the development of talents. He established the examination and promotion system, which was the origin of China's systematic talent selection system and had a great influence on later generations.

In the late period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, due to the continuous use of troops against the Xiongnu and the Western Regions, as well as the conduct of Buddhist rituals, worship of gods and immortals, extravagant spending, increased corvee work, and increased taxes, a large number of farmers went bankrupt and went into exile. In the second year of Tianhan (99 BC), peasant uprisings broke out in Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Nanyang and other places. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once issued the "Luntai Sinful Edict" in Luntai: "Since I came to the throne, I have acted wildly and rebelliously, causing the world to suffer, and I cannot regret it. From now on, anyone who hurts the people and wastes the world will be punished!" to express this. Admit your mistakes.

In 88 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked Hua Gong to draw a picture of "Zhou Gong carrying the princes of the dynasty" and give it to Huo Guang, which meant that Huo Guang would assist his youngest son Liu Fuling in becoming emperor. The son was young and the mother was strong. In order to prevent the crown prince's young mother, Mrs. Gou Yi, from repeating the situation of Empress Lu's dominance, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made the most of her excuses and executed her. In 87 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died and was buried in Maoling. The temple name was Shizong.