The Ming Dynasty is an important milestone in the historical development of Guizhou.

Guizhou Province was founded in the 11th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 13), which was earlier in China. The establishment of "province" began in the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, the highest administrative organ in China was Zhongshu Province. Because of its vast territory, provincial governments have been established in various places, so they are referred to as "provincial governments" or "provinces". The Yuan Dynasty was divided into eleven provinces, with Sichuan, Yunnan and Huguang provinces in the southwest. Today, Guizhou belongs to the above three provinces and is under the jurisdiction of each province. The Ming Dynasty added two provinces on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty. In addition to Beijing and Nanjing, thirteen ministries and commissions have been established in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Huguang, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi and Shandong. The Ming dynasty implemented a decentralized system. Within a province, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is set up to manage government affairs, the capital is set up to direct the military affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the sentencing investigation department is set up to supervise criminal trials, which is directly under the central government. Therefore, these thirteen ministries are thirteen provinces.

At the beginning of the establishment of Guizhou Province, there were only eight prefectures, four states and a propaganda department. These eight states are Sizhou, Liping, Xinhua (later merged into Liping), Shiqian, Sinan, Tongren, Wuluo (later merged into Tongren) and Zhenyuan. The four states are Zhenyuan (later merged into Zhenyuan), Anshun, Zhenning and Yongning (now Guanling); One propaganda department is Guizhou propaganda department. The area is roughly equivalent to 1/3 in Guizhou today. Later, Guiyang, Anshun, Pingyue (now Fuquan) and Duyun were added. By the end of Ming Dynasty, Guizhou had developed into ten states, Kyushu and fourteen counties. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, "returning the soil to the stream" was implemented. At first, Zunyi Prefecture, Pingxi (now Yuping), Qinglang (now Zhenyuan Qingxi), Zhenyuan, Pianqiao (now Shibing), Tonggu (now Jinping), Wu Kai (now near Liping) and Tianzhu County, which belong to Huguang, were placed in Guizhou, while Libo County and the north of Hongshui River in Guangxi were originally placed in Guizhou. Despite frequent administrative changes in China, there were 13 ministers in the Ming Dynasty, 18 provinces in the Qing Dynasty and 29 provinces in the Republic of China. Today, there are still 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions. Guizhou province has remained unchanged for 600 years.

The establishment of Guizhou province is closely related to its strategic position in the southwest. It is located between Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, and has always been called the "Southwest Olympic Zone", which is the transportation and military hub in the southwest. Since the opening of Guizhou Post Road in Yuan Dynasty, the trunk lines from Huguang to Yunnan have all passed through Guiyang, and the Sichuan-Guizhou and Guizhou-Guangxi Post Roads have also met in Guiyang, becoming a "Southwest Passage", which not only runs through Guizhou from west to east, but also runs through Guizhou from south to north, and is also a traffic artery leading to Myanmar, India, Laos, Cambodia and other countries. The reason why Guizhou was listed as one of the thirteen ambassadors in the Ming Dynasty was to "open up the front line of Yunnan" and strengthen the ties with Sichuan and Guangxi while consolidating Yunnan's border defense. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, had a clear understanding of the importance of Guizhou's geographical location. In the early Ming Dynasty, the king of the Yuan Dynasty was conquered in Yunnan. The Ming army entered Yunnan from Huguang via Zhenyuan, Pianqiao, Guiyang, Puding (now Anshun) and Puan (now Panxian) in Guizhou, separated from Xuyong in Sichuan via Bijie and Wusa (now Weining), blocked the export of Yunnan, forced Wang to fight a decisive battle in Qujing, and settled Yunnan more than a month later. What Zhu Yuanzhang is most worried about is that if Guizhou cannot stabilize, "although there is Yunnan, it is difficult to keep it." So a guard station was set up along the trunk line of the post road, which was heavily guarded. Ming Chengzu established Guizhou Political Department and Ambassador Department with military as the guide.

After the establishment of the province, "the military government is in charge and the land flows simultaneously." ? During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the role of Guizhou's "Grand Passage" became increasingly prominent, which not only occupied an important position in politics and military affairs, but also became the artery of economic and cultural exchanges between the mainland and the southwest frontier and the southern international communication line with a large number of immigrants entering Yunnan and Guizhou. Today, on the Zhu Sheng Bridge in Zhenyuan, Guizhou, you can still see the poem inscribed by the ancients-"Split the heavy postal road, Burmese ride elephants across the bridge". After the highway was opened, Guizhou's position in southwest China became more important, especially in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Hunan and Guangxi had to pass through Guizhou when they entered the southwest rear area, and Guiyang when they reached Kunming, Chongqing and Chengdu. International aid, whether from Hanoi, Vietnam or from Yunnan-Myanmar Highway to Chongqing, must pass through Guiyang. After liberation, Guizhou's traffic developed rapidly and became an important land transportation hub and sea passage in southwest China.