Dai Fengxiang's Historical Events

After the Gengzi Incident, the Qing government issued two imperial edicts in September 190 1 year (the 27th year of Guangxu), announcing that "the military system should be reorganized and martial arts should be stopped", and military equipment schools should be set up in provincial capitals to "train generals and become a powerful force". Hunan Ordnance School began preparations in the winter of the same year, and officially opened in May 1903. In the same year, a military school was attached to train the backbone of the new army.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/905, the first-phase students of the armament school graduated and announced the closure, that is, Hunan Army Primary School was established in the original site of the armament school (five small buildings with two floors) outside Xiaowumen, Changsha, and was still the general manager of the former armament school association (Yu Zishoucheng, a native of Qingtian, Zhejiang, a student studying in Japan, Hunan Pilot Road, then the general manager of the armament road and training institute). The general manager manages the affairs of the whole office, which is equivalent to the later principal, and is filled by the alternate road as usual. He resigned in 1908 and was succeeded by Tang Luzhen (a good man,No. Zhi 'an). After Tang 19 10 abdicated, he was succeeded by Zhang Hongnian (Guangxi native). There is a supervisor and a transfer supervisor under the general office. The supervisor is equivalent to the nature of the director of education, and the transfer supervisor is equivalent to the director of general affairs. Chen Qicai, Xie Xiyuan and Li Yunlong successively served as supervisors; Three people were appointed as mediators: Shu Rilu, Wang Donglu and Xia Guozhen. In fact, he is in charge of supervision, and the general manager just stands by in name and rarely asks about school affairs. According to Liu Xing's memory, the students of the first phase have been in school for three and a half years, and they have only seen him twice between the opening ceremony and the storm, but they have never seen him on weekdays. In addition to supervision and promotion, there are three seniors in each issue (but there are six in the first issue, such as Yang, Zeng Jundian, Yigu, Fan Jiebiao, Xiang Zhizhuang, Li and so on. , all military school graduates). There are a large number of teachers in various disciplines, among which military science teachers are full-time and general subject teachers are mostly part-time teachers in the provincial capital literature museum. The first phase was taught by Japanese Sakuma (president of Changsha Tongren Hospital).

The purpose of opening an army primary school is to train military talents for a long time. At that time, imitating Japan's military system, army primary schools (equivalent to Japanese local juvenile schools) were set up in provincial capitals to recruit young students aged 15 to 18, and to give them basic military skills and general subjects. After studying for three years, he entered the army middle school (equivalent to the central junior school in Japan). At that time, there were four army middle schools in China (Qinghe Town in the suburbs of Beijing, Ma Biao in Nanjing, Nanhu in Wuchang and Xi in Shaanxi), and most of the graduates from Lu Xiao in Hunan were promoted to the Third Army Middle School in Wuchang. After graduating from army middle school, he was promoted to Baoding Army Military Academy (equivalent to Japanese NCO School). There are also those who go directly to the Japanese NCO School. For example, after graduating from armament school, Cheng Qian went to the sixth phase of Japanese NCO School. After graduating from Liu Xiao's first phase, He Yaozu was promoted to the first phase of the Army Middle School and sent to the eleventh phase of the Japanese NCO School.

Hunan Army Primary School was established in August 1905, and enrolled the first batch of students. At that time, all the rules and regulations were completely in accordance with the provisions of the war department of the Qing court. However, due to the early establishment, the incident was unprecedented, and some places changed slightly in light of the specific conditions of the province. If the Ministry stipulates the source of students, it should be sent by high school graduates from various counties. At that time, Changsha prefecture belonged to 12 county, although there were high schools and no graduates to choose from, so it was changed to the province to recruit by itself. Since the second phase, 63 counties in the province have issued it, and the applicants are very enthusiastic. According to Chen Pengnan's memory, there were more than 500 applicants in Wugang County during the fourth phase of enrollment in the summer of 1909, of which 89% were high school students. After physical examination and subject examination, 10 of them were admitted and sent to the province for re-examination. After arriving in the province, after physical examination and two exams, only Chen Pengnan was admitted. At that time, the content of the subject examination was mainly to test Chinese, and the topics were mostly from The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. For example, in the fourth provincial capital re-examination, the first test was "Let the people learn the Tao, although they work hard without complaining", and the second test was "Set up the world and settle the people in all corners of the country".

The number of primary school students in Hunan province, the original provisions: 90 students, sent by counties; 30 extra students, all children of provincial officials, elite soldiers, and a new army (how to make a glorious group go from 25 to 25), can go, pay for themselves, and pay 320 silver for miscellaneous meals each period. But in fact, the good soldier, a new army, didn't recruit many students, but the children of dignitaries got the opportunity to accommodate them. Therefore, the actual enrollment places often exceed the prescribed number. According to Liu Xing's memory, there were more than 200 students in the first phase. After entering the school, they are strictly selected by the monthly examination and divided into five categories: excellent, excellent, medium, inferior and inferior. According to the regulations of the Ministry, the average treatment of primary school students in Lu is 425 yuan per person per month. In order to encourage students to have a plan, in addition to eating, the school gives the top students a subsidy of 224 yuan, the top students a subsidy of 222 yuan, and the middle students 126 yuan. The bottom students are not given a subsidy, and the bottom students are immediately vacant. In this way, only 72 people were eliminated month by month, and finally took the entrance examination of army middle school. For another example, in the third period, there were five students in Shaoyang County, namely Liu Zhongwei, Xie Tao, Wei Biao, Wei Jun and Wei Yun, and three of them were sons and nephews of Wei Guangtao, the governor of Liangjiang at that time (Wei Biao was nearsighted, so he was not suitable for studying in the army, and the result was accepted).

Although the Ministry stipulates that the age of students is 15 to 18, there are actually many over-age students, some of whom are nearly 30 years old.

Lu Xiao's curriculum is divided into two parts: discipline and technology. Technical subjects are mainly class and platoon coaches, supplemented by stabbing and weapon practice, and mainly field work. Most of the weapons are Japanese Murata Ayumi guns, and there are also miscellaneous guns such as Hanyang 79 rifles. In terms of disciplines, there are two kinds of military disciplines and general disciplines. General subjects include Chinese and foreign languages (English, French, German and Japanese), and students can choose one of them. Among them, more students choose Japanese, less students choose German), self-cultivation, history, geography, physics and chemistry, natural history, physical health, triangle, geometry, algebra. Military discipline includes infantry code of conduct, shooting guidance, service order in combat, field service, surveying and mapping, etc. The school is very strict with its students. By the end of the month, the exam results were inferior, and all the people who failed in conduct were absent. When regular students have vacancies, they are sometimes filled by excellent supplementary students.

Hunan army primary school has run five phases. The first phase entered the school in the autumn of 1905 and should have graduated in the autumn of 1908. Because the school building of the Army Middle School was not completed, it was postponed to graduation in the spring of 1909 (Xuantongyuan year), and it was promoted to middle school in the autumn of 1909. The second phase 1907 entered the school and graduated in 19 10. The third period 1908 enrolled,191year graduated. 19 1 1 On the eve of Changsha's recovery, there were more than 200 students in the fourth and fifth phases. Students who graduate from each period are generally promoted to No.3 Middle School of Hubei Army; After graduating from primary school, if you fail in the army middle school, you can transfer to quartermaster, military doctor and veterinary school. Among the graduates of Hunan Army Primary School: Tang Shengzhi, He Yaozu and Liu Xing are the first-stage students of Lu Xiao, and Dai Yue (formerly known as Dai Zheren) and Chen Yuxin are the second-stage students; Tao Zhiyue, Cao Bowen (formerly known as Cao Zhengdian), Candy Luo (formerly known as Luo Yi) and Zhou Lan are the third students; Hu Da and Luo are the fourth students; Mao Bingwen is a fifth-grade student. Herry Liu is also a third-stage student in Lu Xiao, Hunan Province, named "Huang Yiben" (changed his surname with his mother), and later went to Baoding by land in the second stage.

19 1 1 August 19 (19 10/year1October 10) Wuchang Uprising. The new army and Lu Xiaofang are familiar with each other on weekdays, and there is some connection on the eve of the uprising. Such as senior, Xiang, Chen Tunan, Bao Kai, Li, Wang Dazhen, etc. All of them have secret contacts with Jiao Dafeng and Chen You, because He Xiangduo is a native of Xiangxi and has connections with all the participants. After Chen left the 49th Bid, he lived in the county (namely Li Peixin Hall) and often visited secretly. At that time, the host of Lu Xiao was very stubborn. He adopted the method of imprisoning students' thoughts and was not allowed to read newspapers and books about propaganda and revolution. However, some progressive students try their best to find such books and periodicals from the outside, and secretly read them, which has been greatly influenced in their thoughts. I remember 1906. In six years, Yu Zhimo and Ning Diaoyuan mobilized young male and female students from various schools in Changsha to hold a memorial service in Yuelu Mountain and bury two martyrs, Chen Tianhua and Yao Hongye, regardless of the obstruction of the official authorities. Most students in the first stage of Lu Xiao took part in this mass political action. On the eve of Changsha Uprising-on the evening of August 30th, activists who had long been associated with revolutionaries in primary schools in Lu secretly told students not to take off their shoes while sleeping and put their guns on pillows for emergencies. Most of the students made preparations according to this, but a few timid people asked for leave overnight.

On the first day of September, it was Sunday, and Lu's pupils had a holiday. Most of them entered the city. Later, when I saw the uprising of the new army, I went to the city by road, so I went back to school one after another with guns and cooperated with the new army to inspect the city. The next afternoon, there were rumors in the market that Huang Zhonghao's old subordinate Huang would send troops to crusade against Huang. Lu primary school students heard the news and gathered in the playground near the school in an emergency, all armed and lined up to enter the city. Everyone ran to the area outside Xiao Wu's door and scattered on the spot, ready to fight the rebels. At this time, the new army of Xiaowumen guarding city asked us to lead the team into the city, so as not to interfere with the shooting target, and temporarily stationed in Ceng Wenzheng Temple (now Changsha No.14 Middle School) for standby. After reconnaissance, I realized that the siege was a rumor, so I went back to school the next morning. Lu primary school students have long been in contact with revolutionaries or have radical ideas, but they took part in the actual revolutionary work during the recovery period and served as junior officers or other positions in the new army. If Xiang used West Road to recruit soldiers in Changde, he was killed in Changde and Yang on September 13. Before the recovery of Changsha, Lu Xiao supervised Li Yunlong's transfer to Guangxi and left Hunan. Xia Guozhen (a native of Hubei) was in charge of school affairs. A few days after the uprising, someone signed a report to the governor, saying that Xia opposed the revolution, so he was arrested and put in the governor's office. The governor's office changed the army primary school to the army primary school and appointed Liu Hongkui as the principal. Later, Dai Fengxiang was appointed to be in charge and went to school to see things 19 12 1 month.

At the beginning of April, Huang Xing, who stayed in Nanjing, ordered the closure of all southern provinces and military primary schools, and all the students were sent to Nanjing to join the Vu Thang team for training. At that time, Lu Xiao primary school had 160 or 70 students, who were in the fourth and fifth periods. After the inspector of Hunan Province forwarded the order to stop Lu Xiao to the school, Dai Fengxiang, the principal, finished it in a hurry and immediately led 167 students to set off from Changsha by the ship "Suli". In Xiaguan, Nanjing, a suitable cadre in Yu Ying mutinied in the city, unable to enter the city, and temporarily stayed in Haining Temple in Xiaguan. On the third day, I led a team into the city and lived on the first floor of Nanyang, Beiting Lane, Nanjing. The next day, Dai Fengxiang went to stay at the mansion to see Huang Xing. Huang Mian asked Dai to contact Shen Jing, the captain of the applied student team, about joining the team. At that time, many students got sores on the road. When they joined the army for physical examination, all the people with severe sores were eliminated by the military doctors and refused admission. Later, Zhang Xiaozhun, the military affairs director of the left-behind government, decided to put all the 20 or 30 students who failed to pass the exam into the first phase of Fuchengqiao Quartermaster School for training. Students who signed up for the Army Corps were later promoted to the third phase of Baoding Military Academy. Hunan Army Primary School, which lasted for seven years, has come to an end.

Editor's Note: After this passage was written, it was reviewed by Mr. Cao Bowen and Mr. Liu Xing, and some places were supplemented and revised.

Selected from Selected Works of Hunan Literature and History, No.2..