Who is good at China history?

Speaking of this strongman with a "three-inch golden tongue", later generations often talk about the heroic spirit in troubled times, and even talk and laugh about the chic charm of turning the tide. But this time, we want to talk about two very special people: two "eloquent powerhouses" who supported the humiliating moment of modern China in the late Qing Dynasty. Speaking of such figures, many lovers of modern history often think of the westernization movement strongman who claimed to be a "paperhanger" in the late Qing Dynasty. However, the two people mentioned below are only facing the "hell difficulty" which is much more difficult than the "paperhanger". The first is Wu, who has served as ambassador to the United States for a long time. 2/kloc-at the beginning of the 20th century, in a Chinese-Japanese film and television drama by CCTV, Wu, a negotiator from China, knelt on the negotiating table of treaty of shimonoseki and wept bitterly. I don't know how many viewers cried. But in the real history of the late Qing Dynasty, Wu did experience many humiliating moments, but she was a person who never believed in tears. High flyers, a graduate of Lincoln Law School, became famous in Hong Kong when he was young. He is a barrister with the reputation of "Uncle Wu" and has always been famous for his eloquence. After accepting Li Hongzhang's invitation and becoming a representative of diplomacy in the late Qing Dynasty, his famous eloquence found a new battlefield: at the negotiating table where a weak country has no diplomacy, it is hard to win national interests for modern China, which is being beaten. After treaty of shimonoseki was humiliated, he immediately accepted a more difficult test: becoming the ambassador to the United States. At that time, the United States was a year when the atmosphere of "exclusion from China" was unprecedented. Coupled with the repeated defeats and wars in the Qing Dynasty, there were many scenes of losing power and humiliating the country. Of course, its international image has plummeted and it is easy to be regarded as a soft persimmon by Americans. 1897, Zhang Mengheng, an official from China, was attacked by American militants on the streets of new york while passing through the United States. Arrogant American women and children smashed their faces with stones and mud in the street. What about the American police on the roadside? I can't look at them one by one. This experience is not limited to Zhang Mengheng. China officials were humiliated and even detained in the United States. This was not news in America at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. Even in 1903, Tan Jinyong, the military attache of China's embassy in the United States, committed suicide by jumping into the sea angrily because of insulting American police. This is the "tiger cave" where Ambassador Wu to the United States lives. However, it is in such a wolf's den that Wu still tries his best to negotiate for the national interests in the face of the white eyes and extremely difficult situation of Americans. Especially in the United States, anti-China sentiment is high, and China students and businessmen are often harassed and detained in the United States. In the past, Ambassador China hid whenever he could. However, Wu faced difficulties many times. In his notes to the United States, he also showed his eloquence many times, denouncing the United States as "a civilized country that has damaged its reputation." Its subtle notes often make America speechless. Therefore, in the face of American arrogance, Wu also won many diplomatic victories: 190 1 year, Hong Kong students refused to land by the authorities were allowed to enter the country under Wu's negotiation. In the same year, two foreign students from China who were brutally expelled by the San Francisco Immigration Bureau also successfully obtained the admission qualification through Wu's efforts. One of them was the famous Kong Xiangxi in the Republic of China. These things, after a hundred years, seem nothing unusual, but at that time, it was not easy. At the same time, Wu also traveled all over the United States, published various articles and speeches, and refuted the distortion of China by western media. His famous speech "On the Communication between the United States and the East" in Pennsylvania attracted more than 4,000 listeners in one breath, and the applause was thunderous. His humorous speech was not only reprinted by the major American media at that time, but also written into various teaching materials of American oratory. According to The New York Times's evaluation, Wu speaks English as well as Chinese. He has all the humor and wisdom of the orientals, and he can properly translate these into American words. "So, is a master of eloquence. Such Wu also put a lot of pressure on Americans. During his tenure as special envoy of the United States, the United States also had to make various concessions to China. American President Roosevelt even made a "bad comment" on Wu: "He (Wu) is an annoying China guy, and once he succeeds, he will make us all die a natural death". In the era of China's backwardness and beatings in modern times, what kind of damage should be done to the eloquence of such an awesome figure who can make the American president exclaim "Don't die a natural death"? Compared with Wu, another poet in the late Qing Dynasty, he left us with a tragic memory: Yang Ru. Like Wu, Yang Ru also served as ambassador to the United States. The Han army was born in Hongqi, and he also served as an envoy to Russia, Austria and the Netherlands. Compared with the younger generation of Wu, he is an absolute veteran. However, a sudden national disaster also pushed this "veteran" to the forefront: the national disaster of Gengzi. A national disaster of the Boxer Rebellion, Eight-Nation Alliance ravaged the land of North China, and Russia, one of the "eight countries", even monopolized freedom. Russia's 170,000 troops swept through the three northeastern provinces and hit Xinmin House (Xinmin County, Liaoning Province) in one breath. Seeing the northeast land, they will be bitten by greedy polar bears. The Qing government, which was already overwhelmed, had no strength to fight back, but offered a new big move: Yang Ru became the plenipotentiary minister and went to Petersburg to negotiate with Russia. To tell the truth, this "big move" is called "negotiation", but in the Qing Dynasty, there was no need for soldiers, no money and no chips in hand. The so-called negotiations seem to be going through the motions. The Russian side has also drawn up an agreement, just waiting for Yang Ru to come and sign it. But Yang Ru, who didn't give up, started a hard game with her powerful eloquence. Yang Ru first seized the loophole in Russia: the territorial agreement drawn up by Russia was drawn up under the condition of forcibly occupying the territory of China. So after the negotiations began, Yang Ru sharply asked, "If Russian soldiers are not trained outside, I wonder if your government can do something about it. "A" procedural issue "left the Russian representative speechless and had to scrap this" agreement ". In front of the Russian bayonet, the great Yang Ru won the first game. However, the following negotiations were extremely difficult: Russia, which knew Yang Ru's great skills, concocted a new agreement and talked about the "friendship" between the Qing Dynasty and Russia, but Yang Ru's words easily poked the lid: Russia's Northeast Agreement, however, "treated India like Britain." Of course, a two-month tug-of-war cannot be solved by a few sharp refutations. Yang Ru also tried her best. Every time he negotiates, he has both ends meet, and all kinds of "procrastination" tactics take the lead, dragging on and dragging on. Gu Weijun, the translator of on-the-spot records (the representative of the future Paris Peace Conference), even lamented bitterly that these records reflected the most miserable and humiliating times in Chinese history. That is, in this shameful negotiation, Russia, which is constantly being beaten at the negotiating table, obviously occupies a strong armed advantage, but still makes "three refutations and three changes" to the terms according to Yang Ru's requirements. 190 1 On March 22, 2008, angry tsarist Russia bullied Yang Ru in every way. Yang Ru, who was struggling to negotiate, accidentally fell down on his way back to his residence after the negotiation and became ill. For the benefit of the country, he is really fighting with his life. His efforts finally paid off. Two months of hard support won the Qing dynasty time for diplomatic mediation, and the situation suddenly went against Russia, fearing that the western powers whose interests were damaged would step in one after another. Yang Ru's illness made Russia a target of public criticism. 190 1 On April 6, 2000, Russia finally issued a statement, claiming that it "temporarily suspended the treaty". Struggling in the three northeastern provinces under Russia, this piece of fat that Russia has reached its mouth was miraculously snatched back by Yang Ru. However, Yang Ru has run out of oil and lamps. 1902, 17 In February, Yang Ru died of overwork in Petersburg. On April 8, 2008, the Qing government signed the Treaty on Concession of the Three Eastern Provinces with Russia to recover the sovereignty of the three eastern provinces. Yang Ru, who experienced humiliation, created miracles at the cost of his life in an era when weak countries had no diplomacy. Behind the miracle, it was also in that desperate era, with many different identities and positions, but never giving up, struggling to support China's fate. They may be born at the wrong time, they may have experienced ups and downs, they may have unfulfilled their ambitions, but they really tried their best. References:

Wu's On Wu's Protection of Chinese Living in the United States in the Late Qing Dynasty and Zhong Kangmo's Yang Ru, a diplomat in the Late Qing Dynasty in Sino-Russian negotiations, specifically stated that this article was uploaded and published by the author of Netease, a media platform, and only represented the author's views. Netease only provides information publishing platform. (Editor: Shoupeng Wang _BNJ 10766)