What are the main risk factors affecting the operation and dispatching of South-to-North Water Transfer Project?

The main risk factors affecting the operation and dispatching of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project are:

(1) Risk factors that will have a significant impact on the environment of the Yangtze River basin when too much water is transferred-these factors are: affecting shipping, deepening the salt tide in the Yangtze River estuary, causing the natural environment and ecological crisis in the Yangtze River basin, and the impact of water transfer from the eastern route project on the Yangtze River estuary, resulting in secondary salinization of soil in the northern irrigation area;

(2) The water quality of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is polluted, which has a significant impact on water users, while the water supply in the middle line is mainly urban life and industrial water supply.

General situation of South-to-North Water Transfer Project;

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a major strategic project to transfer a part of the abundant water resources in the Hanjiang River Basin of China to North China and Northwest China, thus changing the situation that China is flooded in the south and drought in the north, and the water resources in the north are seriously short. The project aims to promote the coordinated development of economy, society, population, resources and environment in the north and south of China. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project has three water diversion lines, namely, the east line, the middle line and the west line, with a total investment of 500 billion yuan.

The eastern route project is located in the east, and it needs to be pumped to North China because of its low terrain. The Middle Route Project takes water from Danjiangkou Reservoir at the intersection of Hanshui River and Danjiangkou Reservoir, its largest tributary, and supplies water to most areas of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and more than 20 large and medium-sized cities by gravity. The west line project is on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and water is replenished from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The construction of the western line project has not started.

20 14 12 12, the middle route project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project was officially opened. On February 27th, 65438, Beijing citizens began to drink Yangtze River water.

Engineering benefits of South-to-North Water Transfer Project;

The five provinces and cities of Cheng Kewei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Hebei and Tianjin have a net increase of 654.38+04.33 billion cubic meters of water supply, including 6.656 billion cubic meters of domestic, industrial and shipping water. Agriculture is 7.676 billion cubic meters. After the implementation of the Eastern Route Project, the water shortage problems in Tianjin, the eastern region of Heilonggang in Hebei, Lubei in Shandong, Southwest in Shandong and some cities in Jiaodong can be basically solved, and the conditions for supplying water to Beijing can be met. Promote sound and rapid economic development in the Bohai Rim region and the eastern part of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and improve the environment deteriorated by water shortage. Guaranteed the perennial navigable water source of the Jining-Xuzhou section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. The two major commodity grain bases in western Shandong and northern Jiangsu have been consolidated and developed. The South-to-North Water Transfer Project is a strategic measure to realize the optimal allocation of water resources in China. Limited by geographical location and water resources in the water transfer area, the three water transfer lines in the west, middle and east have their own reasonable water supply ranges, which cannot be substituted for each other, and can be based on the needs of economic development in various regions; The preliminary work and the national financial situation were implemented step by step.

Negative effects of South-to-North Water Transfer Project;

First of all, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project has caused a wide range of social disputes since it was put forward. Opponents mainly think that the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is expensive, involving a large number of immigrants, and the water regulation is too small to bring economic benefits into play, while the water regulation is too large. The dry season may make the Yangtze River short of water, affect the navigation of the Yangtze River channel, deepen the salt tide in the Yangtze River estuary, and more easily lead to the natural environmental and ecological crisis in the Yangtze River basin. The impact of the "three-line" synchronous water transfer scheme under construction on the ecological environment may still exceed the imagination of domestic "experts".

Second, after the implementation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the original flood storage and power generation function of the Three Gorges Project has been controversial. The simultaneous effects of the Three Gorges Project and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project may have an immeasurable impact on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (including ecology and shipping), especially in the dry season and dry season.

3. Liu Shukun, chief engineer of Institute of Hydraulics, China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, and chief engineer of Disaster and Environment Research Center, questioned that the South-to-North Water Transfer Project was due to the drought in southwest China at the beginning of 20 10. He believes that the once-in-a-century drought in southwest China should be corrected and the frequency and possibility of drought should be reassessed. "The results of these assessments will affect water conservancy dispatching, and when major water conservancy projects will start, how big the scale is and how big the impact is, they should be re-evaluated," Liu said.

4. The relocation of 330,000 people in Hubei Province and Henan Province of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer has brought turmoil to the lives of immigrants. Some immigrants can only buy a small piece of cultivated land because of insufficient compensation after buying the housing provided by the government. However, there are few job opportunities in resettlement places, and some people have to plan to leave their homes to work in big cities.

5. The cost of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project has been higher than the existing cost of seawater desalination. At present, the lowest cost of seawater desalination is about 3 yuan, and the current cost of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is about 18 yuan. It is also reported that it has reached 18 yuan.

In addition, the influence of the East Route Water Diversion Project on the Yangtze River Estuary led to the secondary salinization of the soil in the northern irrigation area.

How to ensure the water quality in Beijing?

Pollution prevention measures such as source, aqueduct and inverted siphon along the line.

The water quality of Danjiangkou, the starting point of the middle route project, is very important to ensure the water quality of the trunk line. According to media reports, Danjiangkou Reservoir is located in the northwest of Hubei Province, in the middle and upper reaches of the Han River, and there are 428 villages around it. How to control agricultural non-point source pollution has become the key to ensure the water quality of Danjiangkou Reservoir. Rural non-point source pollution refers to that pollutants in rural production and life enter water bodies from non-specific areas through farmland surface runoff, drainage and underground leakage under the action of precipitation and runoff erosion, and cause pollution.

"Rural life is scattered and difficult to control." Fan Zhihui, deputy director of the Environmental Protection Department of the State Council South-to-North Water Diversion Office, admitted that it is difficult to control non-point source pollution. "As the top priority in the next stage, rural non-point source pollution will be included in the 13 th Five-Year Plan." Fan Zhihui said that many measures will be taken to promote it, such as establishing ecological isolation belts in the reservoir area and cleaning up small watersheds.

Fan Zhihui introduced that the difficulty of governance lies in how to change the backward living habits in rural areas. "For example, from the aimless use of chemical fertilizers to soil sampling and fertilization, from the use of ordinary chemical fertilizers to the application of organic fertilizers. These also require a series of measures to ensure the economic interests of citizens. "

Crossing 1400 km open channel gathers in Beijing, how to ensure the water quality along the route? According to Beijing South-to-North Water Diversion Office, aqueduct, inverted siphon, left bank drainage and three-dimensional crossing with the outer river can be used to avoid the threat of external pollution sources to the main canal. In addition, enhanced monitoring measures will also monitor water bodies at any time to find pollution in time.