Introduction to Bai Juyi

1. Translation

Bai Juyi was born in Xiagui, Taiyuan. When he was nearly 20 years old and before he became famous, he went to the capital to visit Gu Kuang (a celebrity at the time). Gu Kuang was from Wudi in the south and relied on his talent. There were few poets he recommended and recognized, so he teased Bai Juyi and said: "Everything in Chang'an is expensive. It is very difficult to 'live' here."

When he flipped through the volume of Bai Juyi's poems and read the poem "The grass on the original plain dries up every year. The wild fire cannot burn it out, but the spring breeze blows it again", he sighed again: "Can It's not difficult to write such a poem and live in the world. What I said before was a joke. "In the 16th year of Zhenyuan, Gao Ying, a member of Zhongshushe, presided over the Jinshi examination and selected talents. Bai Juyi passed the exam and was awarded by the imperial court. He was appointed as the school secretary.

In the first year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi wrote more than 100 Yuefu and poems, satirizing current affairs and spreading to the palace. The emperor liked him very much after reading his poems, summoned him and appointed him as a Hanlin scholar, and then successively served as Zuo Shiyi. At that time, a thief assassinated the prime minister, and there was a lot of discussion in the capital. Bai Juyi was the first to go to Emperor Shu, requesting an urgent arrest of the thieves. The powerful people disliked him for acting beyond his duties and were very angry with him.

Soon there were rumors: "Bai Juyi's mother fell into a well and died, but he wrote a "Xinjing Pian" with very exaggerated and gorgeous words. Such conduct cannot be reused." Later Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou. Sima. At first, Bai Juyi just believed that the assassinated prime minister Wu Yuanheng should not be allowed to die on the street. In fact, he had no other ideas. However, he (unexpectedly) offended the traitors and his ambition was thwarted.

But he was able to let nature take its course, be content with the situation, and use the Buddhist theory of life and death to transcend physical pain. A long time later, he was transferred to Zhongshu Sheren to be in charge of formulating the imperial decrees. One year, a riot broke out in Hebei, and the imperial court sent troops to no avail. Bai Juyi made another remonstrance to the imperial court, but it was not accepted, so he asked for a transfer and became the governor of Hangzhou. After Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, he issued an edict to promote Bai Juyi to the position of Vice Minister of the Ministry of Punishment.

Huichang resigned and returned home in his early years, and finally died at home.

Bai Juyi was rejected many times because of his loyalty and uprightness, so he indulged in drinking and writing poems. After being re-appointed, (because) the people he met were all young monarchs, (so) his mood in being an official suddenly dropped. He bought a house and settled in Ludaoli, and established a Jingshe with monk Ruman and others from Xiangshan. Every day we dig ditches and ponds, plant trees, build stone buildings, and excavate Bajie Beach. For fun, we keep teapots, pots, and wine glasses with us.

There was once a time when I was bald, sitting cross-legged with my legs spread like a dustpan, talking about Buddhism and reciting ancient poems, which was very quiet and peaceful. He is known as Mr. Zuiyin, and he even wrote a biography about it. Bai Juyi was very fond of Buddhism and would often not eat meat for several months. He called himself a layman in Xiangshan.

Have banquets and gatherings with Hu Gao, Ji Jiao, Zheng Zhi, Liu Zhen, Lu Zhen, Zhang Hun, Ruman, Li Wenshuang and others. These people were all old but refused to be officials. They entertained and invited each other every day. People were envious of them at that time, and someone drew a "Picture of Nine Elders" for them.

Bai Juyi's poems are mainly elegant, odes and poems, and he does not recommend difficult and difficult to understand. Every time he writes a poem, he must let his old lady at home read it first and ask her until she understands. Transcribe it. Later generations commented on Bai Juyi's poems just like the people east of Mount Laoshan talking about farming and mulberry farming. Every word is very simple.

The merchants of Jilin State sold his poems to their prime minister, and each poem cost one hundred taels of silver. If it was a forgery, Jilin State Prime Minister would be able to tell it immediately. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen had a very close relationship, and their friendship was as close as glue. They also pursued the same phonology when writing poems. People all over the world called them "Yuan Bai".

After Yuan Zhen's death, Bai Juyi was as famous as Liu Yuxi, and they were called "Liu Bai". Bai Juyi liked gods. He once made a pair of flying cloud shoes, lit incense and raised his feet, as if he were flying in the clouds and the mist was slowly coming. When he first came to Jiujiang, he lived under Lufu Peak and built a thatched cottage to refine elixirs. This thatched cottage is still preserved today.

There are now seventy-five volumes of "Bai's Changqing Collection", as well as the ancient and modern facts written in "Liu Tie", as well as poems and patterns. In order to cure the disease, it is called "Bai's Golden Needle". "Collection" in three volumes, published in parallel throughout the world.

2. Original text

Juyi, courtesy name Letian, was a native of Xiagui, Taiyuan. The weak title has not been revived, so he traveled to the country to pay a visit to Gu Kuang. Kuang, the Wu people, relying on their few talents, joked about it and said: "Everything in Chang'an is expensive, and it is not easy to live in Chang'an!" After reading the poem, he came to "The grass on the original plain of Lili, withers and flourishes every year, and wildfire cannot burn it" After all, the spring breeze blows again."

Nai sighed and said: "There is a saying like this, it is not difficult to live in the world." In the sixteenth year of Zhenyuan, Gao Yingxia, a member of Zhongshushe. Both Jinshi and Distinguished Scholars were selected, and he was appointed as a supplementary scholar.

In the first year of Yuanhe, he wrote more than 100 Yuefu and poems, which satirized current affairs. He was summoned to pay homage to Hanlin scholars, and Li Zuo collected the relics. At that time, the prime minister was robbed and killed, and the capital was in a turmoil. Juyi's head was sparse. Please urgently catch the thief. The powerful ministers were angry because they suspected him of taking the throne. There was a rumor that Ju Yi's mother fell into a well and died. The poem "Xinjing Pian" written in "Xinjing Pian" was too flashy and useless, so he was demoted to Sima Jiangzhou. At first, it was inappropriate for Xun Yong to be exposed, and he really had no other ideas. He was angry and betrayed the party, so he lost his ambition.

He who can also go along with what he encounters and forget his body due to the theory of death and life in Buddha Tu. After a long time, he became a scholar and learned how to make imperial edicts. There was chaos in Heshuo, the troops went out without success, and their words and deeds were not listened to. Except for begging, he was the governor of Hangzhou. Wen Zongli was summoned to move to the Ministry of Punishment as Minister of Justice. At the beginning of Huichang, he became an official and died. Ju Yi was tired and was expelled for his loyalty, so he indulged in poetry and wine.

Not only are they reused, but they are all young kings, and their official career suddenly becomes lonely.

Bu lived in Ludao, and established a pure sanctuary with monks such as Xiangshan Ruman. They planted trees in the marshes, built stone buildings, and dug eight-section beach. Taste Ketou Jiju, talk about Zen and chant the ancients, Yan Ruye. He called himself "Mr. Zuiyin" and wrote a biography. He loves Buddha very much and does not eat meat during menstruation. He is called "the layman of Xiangshan".

Yan Ji, together with Hu Gao, Ji Jiao, Zheng Zhi, Liu Zhen, Lu Zhen, Zhang Hun, Ru Man, and Li Wenshuang, were all out of official positions in their senior years. Picture of Nine Old Men".

The public poems are mainly based on the six meanings, which is not difficult. Every time a piece is completed, the old woman in her family must read it and record it if she asks for explanations. Later generations commented that Bai's poems are like those of Shandong elders teaching farmers and mulberry trees, and what they say is true. Jilin Guoxingjia sells it to the prime minister of his country, and his rate is hundreds of gold. You can tell the fake. He was very good at glue and paint with Yuan Zhen, and his pronunciation was the same, so the world called him "Yuan and Bai".

The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty is as famous as Liu Bin, and is called "Liu and Bai". A good god, he makes his own flying cloud shoes, burns incense and vibrates his feet, just like blowing smoke, and the clouds are slowly rising. When he first came to Jiujiang, he lived at the foot of Lufu Peak and made a thatched cottage to burn pills, which still exists today. There are seventy-five volumes of "Bai's Changqing Collection", and the ancient and modern facts written in "Liu Tie", as well as poems and patterns. In order to cure his illness, there are three volumes of "Bai's Golden Needle Collection", which are published in the world. .

3. Source

"The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty"

Extended Information

1. Creation Background

" "Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" has ten volumes, written by Xin Wenfang, courtesy name Liangshi, and a native of the Western Regions. This book records the deeds of poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty in detail, including some poets from the Five Dynasties. The poems are arranged in order of the poet's ascendancy. The book preserves a large amount of biographical information on poets from the Tang Dynasty, and provides more detailed descriptions of their imperial examination experiences.

After the biography, there are also comments on the poet's artistic gains and losses, many of which are old sayings of the Tang Dynasty, which contain quite insightful opinions. However, there are many inaccuracies and fallacies in what has been said.

2. Appreciation of Works

"The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" has the following features worth noting:

1. The title of this book is "Talented Scholar", which is actually The criteria for selection are whether they are good at poetry, regardless of their virtues, achievements, life experience, etc. For example, the rebel Su Huan, the treacherous and profit-seeking Lu Wen, the prostitutes such as Xue Tao, the female Taoist Yu Xuanji, and other monks and Taoists as well as ordinary people, as long as they are good at poetry, they are described in this book as biographies. There are many places where the main identity appears.

Although famous officials such as Yao Chong and Song Jing and scholars such as Yan Shigu have poems handed down to the world, they are not known for their poetic talents and are not included in this book.

2. The biography of this book is in order of era, while the contemporaries are in order of imperial examination.

The author wants to illustrate the development trajectory of poetry in the Tang Dynasty through the order of the appearance of the poets and the evolution of poetic styles, and abandons the historical tradition of prioritizing Confucianism before foreign affairs, and valuing men over women. There are different levels of professionalism or ideological similarities and differences, and there is no distinction based on the family status of poets or the poverty of officials. This approach seems scientific today, and it was also quite outstanding at the time.

3. This book highlights the poet's participation in the imperial examination, thus highlighting the customs of the times. The names of subjects in each biography highlight the year in which they passed the exam, as well as the name of the official who was the first or the chief examiner, which is quite meaningful.

3. Introduction to the author

Xin Wenfang, Yuan Dynasty, courtesy name Liangshi, a native of the Western Regions, Zeng Guan Shenglang. Able to write poems, he is as famous as Wang Zhiqian and Yang Zai. There is a collection of poems on the sand, which has been lost.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Xin Wenfang