Giant panda 10 points

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), commonly known as the panda, is a mammal in Xiong Ke, and its body color is black and white. Panda, which grows in the mountainous area around Sichuan Basin in central and western China, is a unique wild animal in China and a national treasure. There are about 3 100 kinds of animals in the world. Because of its low reproduction rate and high requirements for living environment, it belongs to endangered animals. [1] There are many aliases for giant pandas in ancient and modern times: brave panda, giant panda, bamboo bear, white bear, flower bear, tapir, Chinese bear, flower bear, silver dog, big raccoon, Hubei Qu, Du Dongge, Zhiyi, brave panda and fierce leopard. Giant pandas were originally classified as bears. This name can be traced back to Chinese. This animal has two names: panda and panda. About its origin, there is a saying that in 1869, Armand David, a French Catholic missionary, got to know this panda and named it "black and white bear", which belongs to Xiong Ke. Two years later, after further investigation, zoologists found that it belonged to Pandora and was further named "Panda". During the period of 1940s, an animal specimen exhibition was held in Chongqing Beibei Museum. At that time, it was called panda, which means that the face is as chubby as a cat, but the whole body is like a bear. Because users in China are traditionally used to writing from right to left, the word panda was written from right to left at that time. In standard Chinese grammar, adjectives usually come before nouns. Because pandas are usually considered to belong to Xiong Ke, cats are adjectives and bears are nouns. So the word panda is correct in Chinese grammar. By 1940s, many users in China had begun to get used to the pronunciation of Chinese from left to right, so the word "panda" displayed in Chongqing Beibei Museum at that time was misunderstood as panda. From then on, the word panda first became popular in Sichuan. In the long run, it spread to the wrong place. Today, most people are used to using the word panda. However, some people think that this statement is wrong. From the beginning, the panda and the panda theory were inconclusive. The word panda is the most popular name in Chinese mainland, Malaysia and Singapore, while it is more commonly used in Taiwan Province province. However, some people call it panda. The "thumb" evolved from species information allows giant pandas to master bamboo flexibly [Editor] Distribution Giant pandas mainly live in deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest and subalpine coniferous forest belt at an altitude of1400-3500m. They are mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan provinces in the southwest of China. The ancestor of the evolved giant panda is Ailuaractos lufengensis, which is the earliest carnivorous giant panda evolved from bear-like species. At first, the main branch of the panda continued to evolve in central and southern China. One of them appeared in the early Pleistocene about 3 million years ago and was smaller than the panda today. Judging from its teeth, it has evolved into an omnivore that eats bamboo. Since then, this main branch has spread to the subtropics, with a wide distribution, and fossils have been found in North China, Northwest China, East China, Southwest China, South China and even Vietnam and North Myanmar. In this process, the giant panda adapted to the subtropical bamboo forest life, gradually increased in size, and lived on bamboo. The giant panda reached its peak in the middle and late Pleistocene 500,000-700,000 years ago. Nowadays, giant pandas have well-developed molars, and their claws have a "thumb" in addition to five toes. This "thumb" is actually a specialized wrist bone, scientifically called "radial sesamoid bone", which mainly plays the role of holding bamboo. Stephen jay gould, an American biologist, wrote an essay about it, and later used the panda's thumb as the title of the essay collection. Taxonomy Because both giant pandas and red pandas have the characteristics of bears and raccoons, they are obviously different from the animals of these two families. Their scientific classification has always been controversial. Some people suggest that giant pandas should be classified as pandas to solve this problem. That is to say, using modern gene detection technology, comparing different protein or nucleic acids may get very different results. So the classification of giant pandas is still controversial. See the giant panda family for details. The American Journal of Mammology published a paper in the fourth issue in 2005, which divided the giant panda into two subspecies: Sichuan Giant Panda and Qinling Giant Panda. Among them, the giant panda in Qinling Mountains was first put forward by Professor Zheng from Beijing Normal University on 1964, and the research by professors from the School of Life Sciences of Zhejiang University made this statement internationally recognized. Appearance characteristics Sichuan giant panda has a big and long head, small teeth, more like a bear, black spots on its chest and white hair on its abdomen. A subspecies of giant panda in Qinling Mountains, with round head, small skull and big teeth, is more like a cat. Its chest spots are dark brown and its belly hair is brown, which makes it look more attractive. At present, there are only 273 left, which is even more endangered. Habits and reproductive habits Pandas like to live alone, and each panda has a separate activity area. Panda's food is mainly sword bamboo. The characteristic of bamboo is that it can be lush all year round, and the nutritional components of each part are basically the same. They eat bamboo hearts and bamboo shoots, and sometimes they eat bamboo leaves. But the panda's intestines are very short, and there are no bacteria that ferment cellulose. Pandas can only absorb 17% of the bamboo they eat, while geese's food passes through the digestive tract quickly, with a utilization rate of 30%. This makes pandas eat more than 10 hours a day. Because pandas eat many kinds of bamboo, and there are many kinds of bamboo in their habitat. There is no conclusive research evidence that giant pandas will starve to death and endanger their lives because of the periodic flowering and death of bamboo. It is the artificial development of habitat that makes the living environment of pandas shrink and it is impossible to find a suitable bamboo forest. In ancient times, there were many records about pandas eating iron, so they were named "iron eaters", which mostly happened when pandas broke into people's homes. Their jaws are strong enough to bite iron pots, but why they eat these things is unknown. The * * * period of adult pandas is very short, and the * * * period of female pandas is only a few days a year. Separated after mating and raised by females alone. Pandas are flexible in the wild, good at climbing trees and run very fast when they are in danger. Breeding giant pandas often give birth in big holes in Chinese fir trees. They have one child at a time, sometimes two children, and their physical appearance has not changed significantly during pregnancy. The panda cubs born weigh only one or two kilograms and are pink, which is very different from adult pandas. Because pandas eat bamboo, it takes a long time to ensure the supply of heat every day. During the breeding season, female pandas also have to leave their cubs for 2-4 hours to go out for food. Before the1990s, some people doubted the panda mother's ability to raise her cubs and concluded that her cubs were abandoned. Some people suggest adopting pandas and raising these "abandoned" cubs artificially. Long-term observation of the reproductive behavior of wild giant pandas later overturned this view. Without external intervention, the mother panda does not abandon her cubs for a long time, but needs to eat enough bamboo to secrete milk to feed her offspring. Panda breeding under artificial breeding conditions has always been a difficult problem, and the reduction of natural pandas under artificial conditions has brought difficulties to its artificial breeding. /kloc-After the 1990s, the artificial breeding of giant pandas has been completed, and artificial insemination is mostly used. Unlike the protection of many wild animals in ancient times and China, pandas are rarely considered to have medicinal value. The only thing that may have medicinal effect is panda urine, which is used to dissolve the iron needle swallowed by mistake. In ancient times, pandas were regarded as precious animals, and their skulls were buried in the tomb of Emperor Wendi of the Western Han Dynasty. There is also a saying that Emperor Taizong gave two live pandas and panda skins to Japan as a gesture of goodwill. Since then, panda skin, even considered as a symbol of bravery, has become the object of hunting. Westerners and pandas mature pandas (1869). It was French Catholic missionary armand David who first introduced pandas to the West. He only has a panda skin. The first westerner to see a panda in the wild was J.H. Edgar. Since then, a large number of westerners have come to China to photograph pandas, and it has become their strong desire to capture live pandas. 1936 12 18, ruth harkness arrived in San Francisco with a live panda named Lin Shu. When it passed through China Customs, the certificate said "a puppy, worth 20 RMB". Since then, Ruth and Lin Shu have published her novel Lady and Panda together. After 1937, these activities stopped because of the war. For more than half a century, the west knows nothing about this species, which also makes people accumulate great curiosity about pandas. The giant panda is a national first-class protected animal in China and an endangered animal in the world. Sichuan Wolong Nature Reserve, established in 1958, focuses on the protection of giant pandas and is directly under the jurisdiction of the State Forestry Administration. However, due to the backward concept of protection and the lack of ecological knowledge, during the period of1980s, although the whole of China was shouting "Protect the giant panda", there were few practices that really benefited the panda. Many people think that the best way to protect pandas is to catch them from the wild and lock them up. However, the poor breeding conditions and the lack of love and basic scientific knowledge of the staff have made many research bases permanent cages for pandas. The pressure brought by bamboo flowering to pandas is usually solved by catching pandas, without studying their feeding evolution and evaluating the actual impact of bamboo death on them. Due to habitat destruction, environmental pollution, isolation from the population and other reasons, the reproduction of wild populations is facing a crisis. 1998, it is completely forbidden to cut down natural forests and prohibit individuals from holding guns, which protects the survival of pandas to a certain extent. After 1992, it is forbidden to migrate to the reserve, and residents are arranged to move out one after another, so that the panda's habitat is guaranteed to a certain extent. After years of conservation work, the wild number of giant pandas in some places began to rise. The panda image in 196 1 was chosen as the symbol of WWF. Since the second half of the 20th century, the panda has been regarded as a symbol of China. /kloc-In the 1970s, the people of China lent pandas to zoos in the United States and Japan, which was regarded as the first cultural exchange between New China and western countries and an important part of China's diplomacy at that time. By the mid-1960s, the diplomatic use of pandas had been greatly reduced, and China only lent pandas to other countries for ten years. At present, most pandas in foreign zoos are borrowed from China. If pandas marry and breed abroad, their offspring still belong to the people of China. Because people all over the world love and are curious about pandas, exhibiting pandas can bring considerable economic income to local zoos, and China also hopes to increase foreign exchange income by lending pandas for the construction of protected areas. Unfortunately, a large part of this income is used to continue to capture pandas from the wild for exhibition. Therefore, many international organizations such as the World Wide Fund for Nature and the International Union for Conservation of Nature oppose this practice of lending pandas. From 1988, American zoos are prohibited from renting pandas captured in the wild for exhibitions. At present, a certain number of giant pandas are kept in zoos all over China, and the problem of artificial breeding of giant pandas has been basically solved in the 1990s. Therefore, the lending activities since then no longer endanger wild giant pandas. Please refer to Panda Rental. This website has pictures of pandas:. qid=70070 12 102685

One of the reasons why the giant panda is in China is that ............. is on the verge of extinction because of its low reproductive capacity. Because giant pandas are lonely, females and males don't live together casually. They have to like each other to mate. And because of the hypertrophy of giant pandas, mating will be more difficult. In addition, the sex organs of male giant pandas are relatively small, and the number of * * is small, which reduces the probability of pregnancy of female giant pandas. More importantly, female giant pandas mate only once a year, and only have more than ten mating opportunities in their lifetime, and each time they give birth to one or two pandas, some of them are even abandoned by their mothers after birth, which makes it difficult to increase the number of giant pandas.

Up to now, the almost extinct giant pandas in more than 200 countries and regions in the world can only be found in the deep forests of China, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. At present, the total number of giant pandas in the world is only below 1000, and the number is still decreasing. In zoology, giant pandas belong to the order Carnivora. According to research, the ancient names of giant pandas are tapir, tapir, and panda. From the pre-resurrection period of more than 2 million years ago to the middle and late resurrection period of 6.5438+0 million years ago, giant pandas have been widely distributed in the southern half of China, forming a giant panda-saber-toothed elephant fauna; Nowadays, many species in this fauna have been extinct, but the giant panda has survived, so the giant panda is called a "living fossil". What does the giant panda know? A pair of giant pandas "An An" and "Jia Jia" presented by the central government to China and Hong Kong stayed in the Giant Panda Pavilion of Ocean Park and became "permanent residents of China and Hong Kong". Besides knowing that the giant panda is a black-and-white mottled animal, can you tell other characteristics? Because of the name "giant panda", many people think they are cats like bears or bears like cats. In fact, the giant panda is a mammal in animal taxonomy and belongs to the panda family. In terms of biological characteristics, giant pandas are carnivores like bears, cats, tigers and leopards, but only giant pandas have changed from carnivores to plants very early in the evolution process. The giant panda has a big body. An adult panda weighs between 165 and 365 pounds, and is 4 to 5 feet long, including a 5-inch tail. Panda's vision is weak, but its sense of smell is very sensitive. The distribution of giant pandas is very narrow, limited to bamboo forests in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. The climate there is mild, except in winter, the temperature is mostly 20 degrees Celsius or below, and the humidity is kept between 50% and 65%. Of course, adequate food supply is also an important reason to attract giant pandas! Giant pandas love arrow bamboo, but their digestive ability is very weak. It needs to eat more to absorb enough nutrition. It can eat as much as 20 kilograms of bamboo a day. But sometimes for a change, eating some small animals such as bamboo rats can be said that the nature of eating meat cannot be changed! At the same time, the giant panda's "eating" is very cute-they like to sit leisurely and enjoy the food! Because giant pandas need to eat a lot of bamboo, it takes them about 12 hours to sit down and eat every day. In nature, carnivores generally live alone because they can't get food easily; Most herbivores live in groups. Although giant pandas live on arrow bamboo, they keep the habit of separating male and female carnivores (their cubs follow their mothers). Only during March-May every year, they will be paired together for courtship, and after the mating period, the males will leave. The growth and reproduction of giant pandas are very special. The pregnant period of female giant pandas is usually 90 ~ 140 days, and each litter gives birth to 1 ~ 2. The newborn panda is very weak, weighing only 90 to130g and having a body length of10cm. At the same time, their growth is very slow, and they are willing to eat some tender bamboo after 5 to 6 months. They leave their mother's life at about 65,438+0 years old and become sexually mature at 6 to 7 years old. One of the reasons why giant pandas are on the verge of extinction is their low reproductive ability. Because giant pandas are lonely, females and males don't live together casually. They have to like each other to mate. And because of the hypertrophy of giant pandas, mating will be more difficult. In addition, the sex organs of male giant pandas are relatively small, and the number of * * is small, which reduces the probability of pregnancy of female giant pandas. More importantly, female giant pandas mate only once a year, and only have more than ten mating opportunities in their lifetime, and each time they give birth to one or two pandas, some of them are even abandoned by their mothers after birth, which makes it difficult to increase the number of giant pandas. In addition to the giant panda's personality and physical problems, natural and man-made disasters also pose a great threat to its survival. Fargesia will periodically bloom and die on a large scale, and it will take many years to restore the old view and provide food for giant pandas. 1984, many giant pandas died in the wild. On the other hand, human beings constantly occupy the land at the foot of the mountain to cultivate or build houses, forcing giant pandas to migrate to the top of the mountain where bamboo forests are scarce. Because the top of the mountain is connected by the foot of the mountain, many giant pandas are forced to separate at the top of the mountain and never meet each other, which reduces the mating opportunities of giant pandas. In order to reduce the chance of extinction of wild giant pandas, China is now planning to build the 2 1 century Great Wall and plant a "bamboo corridor" to connect mountains with bamboo. This will not only further strengthen the protection of giant pandas, but also increase their mating opportunities. In addition, China has established thirteen giant panda reserves. Hunting is also prohibited outside the reserve, and outdoor patrol monitoring is implemented. Various protective measures have also been implemented, such as transferring giant pandas when arrow bamboo is in short supply and providing temporary food feeding. At the same time, the research and breeding center set up to save giant pandas tries to breed giant pandas by artificial breeding, and also provides first aid and medical services for wild giant pandas.

Reference: u4u/ Panda/Panda

Head: panda eye (black and white only) hand: panda hand is mostly black (ET not wrapped) body: panda body (super fat) is mostly white (deformed not wrapped) foot: panda foot is mostly jade sole (like black).

Because of the name "giant panda", many people think they are cats like bears or bears like cats. In fact, the giant panda is a mammal in animal taxonomy and belongs to the panda family. In terms of biological characteristics, giant pandas are carnivores like bears, cats, tigers and leopards, but only giant pandas have changed from carnivores to plants very early in the evolution process. The giant panda has a big body. An adult panda weighs between 165 and 365 pounds, and is 4 to 5 feet long, including a 5-inch tail. Panda's vision is weak, but its sense of smell is very sensitive. The distribution of giant pandas is very narrow, limited to bamboo forests in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. The climate there is mild, except in winter, the temperature is mostly 20 degrees Celsius or below, and the humidity is kept between 50% and 65%. Of course, adequate food supply is also an important reason to attract giant pandas! Giant pandas love arrow bamboo, but their digestive ability is very weak. It needs to eat more to absorb enough nutrition. It can eat as much as 20 kilograms of bamboo a day. But sometimes for a change, eating some small animals such as bamboo rats can be said that the nature of eating meat cannot be changed! At the same time, the giant panda's "eating" is very cute-they like to sit leisurely and enjoy the food! Because giant pandas need to eat a lot of bamboo, it takes them about 12 hours to sit down and eat every day. In nature, carnivores generally live alone because they can't get food easily; Most herbivores live in groups. Although giant pandas live on arrow bamboo, they keep the habit of separating male and female carnivores (their cubs follow their mothers). Only during March-May every year, they will be paired together for courtship, and after the mating period, the males will leave. The growth and reproduction of giant pandas are very special. The pregnant period of female giant pandas is usually 90 ~ 140 days, and each litter gives birth to 1 ~ 2. The newborn panda is very weak, weighing only 90 to130g and having a body length of10cm. At the same time, their growth is very slow, and they are willing to eat some tender bamboo after 5 to 6 months. They leave their mother's life at about 65,438+0 years old and become sexually mature at 6 to 7 years old. One of the reasons why giant pandas are on the verge of extinction is their low reproductive ability. Because giant pandas are lonely, females and males don't live together casually. They have to like each other to mate. And because of the hypertrophy of giant pandas, mating will be more difficult. In addition, the sex organs of male giant pandas are relatively small, and the number of * * is small, which reduces the probability of pregnancy of female giant pandas. More importantly, female giant pandas mate only once a year, and only have more than ten mating opportunities in their lifetime, and each time they give birth to one or two pandas, some of them are even abandoned by their mothers after birth, which makes it difficult to increase the number of giant pandas. In addition to the giant panda's personality and physical problems, natural and man-made disasters also pose a great threat to its survival. Fargesia will periodically bloom and die on a large scale, and it will take many years to restore the old view and provide food for giant pandas. 1984, many giant pandas died in the wild. On the other hand, human beings constantly occupy the land at the foot of the mountain to cultivate or build houses, forcing giant pandas to migrate to the top of the mountain where bamboo forests are scarce. Because the top of the mountain is connected by the foot of the mountain, many giant pandas are forced to separate at the top of the mountain and never meet each other, which reduces the mating opportunities of giant pandas. In order to reduce the chance of extinction of wild giant pandas, China is now planning to build the 2 1 century Great Wall and plant a "bamboo corridor" to connect mountains with bamboo. This will not only further strengthen the protection of giant pandas, but also increase their mating opportunities. In addition, China has established thirteen giant panda reserves. Hunting is also prohibited outside the reserve, and outdoor patrol monitoring is implemented. Various protective measures have also been implemented, such as transferring giant pandas when arrow bamboo is in short supply and providing temporary food feeding. At the same time, the research and breeding center set up to save giant pandas tries to breed giant pandas by artificial breeding, and also provides first aid and medical services for wild giant pandas.

Reference: u4u/ Panda/Panda