The spread of Marshal Tiandu's belief

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Fujian people immigrated to Taiwan Province Province in large numbers. People who crossed Taiwan Province brought the customs and habits of Fujian to Taiwan Province Island, and it became inevitable that Marshal Tian's belief spread to Taiwan Province Province.

There were three climaxes of emigration to Taiwan Province. One was the famine in southern Fujian during Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty, and Zheng Zhilong recruited tens of thousands of coastal people to reclaim land in Taiwan. On one occasion, Zheng Chenggong fought against the Qing Dynasty in the late Ming Dynasty. After recovering the Taiwan Province team, a large number of coastal people in Zhang Quan followed him eastward. The third time, after Shi Lang unified Taiwan Province Province in the 23rd year of Kangxi, thousands of people from Fujian and Minnan crossed the border to explore and farm in Taiwan Province. Marshal Tian's belief spread to the platform with the tide of immigration. There are two ways of communication: one is brought by the troupe as a drama god, and the other is brought by the settlers who cross Taiwan Province as local protectors.

Lu Ruoteng, a Jinmen native who praised Zheng Chenggong's benevolence and righteousness, wrote "The Collection of Islands". There is a play poem: "The old man loves to watch movies for many years, and he is not thirsty to sleep after watching the third watch ... He should only watch the Liyuan Opera and get drunk after a few drinks." When the Zheng family crossed Taiwan, a large number of people moved to Taiwan Province Province, and Liyuan Opera spread to Taiwan. Therefore, according to the Han customs recorded in the Records of Taiwan Province Province compiled by Kangxi, this station has the trend of "believing in ghosts and gods, confusing floating towers, playing good plays and fighting for gambling"-"From New Year's Day to Lantern Festival, good teenagers wear cranes, lions and horses and dance at the heels of doors". "The day before yesterday, beginning of spring, Bo Xishan had Si Yingchun, and the eastern suburbs were prepared to step on the shed. The heroine watches the spring gathering. " "On Lunar New Year's Day, several generations are free to enjoy music and good songs. These lanterns are like a flying hood. In the past, when Li wandered, he held a silk and bamboo meat each time, which was called an umbrella. What's more, dress up as Zhaojun, grandmother and dragon horse, and have auspicious things to sing to others. " "On February 2nd, all the street clubs collected money from house to house to slaughter livestock and acted as local tyrants at home and abroad." "Mid-Autumn Festival ... Mountain Bridge Wild Shop, singing and blowing, called social drama." ..... At the end of the article, it is also pointed out: "Zhang Quan, where there are many people living in Taiwan at this age, is probably similar."

In the Qing Dynasty, there were some popular operas in Taiwan Province, such as "Che Gu Nong", Liyuan Opera (there are large and small pear orchards, and the big pear orchards are divided into two types: going on the road and going south), random opera (spread by Han Opera in western Fujian), Siping Opera, Gaojia Opera (developed from "Song Jiang Array" and popular in southern Fujian), Taiwanese opera, puppets with strings, and puppets in the palm of their hands. During the Qianlong period, Haiphong knew Zhu Jingying's Haidong Rizha, which was recorded in Taiwan Province Province: "On weekdays, there is no acting in the alley, and the drums are loud, and a small play with many local classes is continued. The voice is incomprehensible, and there is no palace merchant." Write the grand occasion of Taiwan drama. These troupes introduced into Taiwan Province Province regarded Marshal Tian as a drama god, and his belief in Marshal Tian naturally spread throughout Taiwan. In the past, artists from Taiwan Province Province held a three-day sacrificial ceremony at Marshal Temple in Tiangong on August 23rd of the lunar calendar, which was a grand gathering of Han folk artists in Taiwan Province Province.

Statistics show that 83% of Han residents in Taiwan Province Province are from Fujian, of which 44.8% are from counties in Quanzhou and 35.05438+0% are from counties in Zhangzhou. In the early days, most of the people from Zhang Quan and Quanshui who crossed Taiwan Province were poor farmers. When they go to Taiwan Province Province, they usually take only two things, one is the god of their parents, and the other is the incense burner of the local god in the countryside (in the form of sewing a small red cloth with a pinch of incense ashes in the incense burner in the temple), as their spiritual pillar for pioneering. After settling down in the energy industry, they set up a temple statue for their protector. That's why the gods enshrined in the temples in Taiwan Province Province, like those in mainland Otawa, all want to go to the mainland to worship their ancestors. Marshal Tiandu in Fujian has a strong belief, and there are many platforms dedicated to Xianggong Palace and temples. The earliest Marshal Tian Temple in Taiwan Province is Marshal Fan CuO Temple No.37, Xishi Village, Tainan County, which was built in the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735). Secondly, there were vehicles in Lugang besieged Xiangyu Qugong, which was built in the 30th year of Qing Qianlong (1765). Jinjiang people distribute incense in Taiwan Province, and all the troupes who come to Lugang to perform must worship the temple. This temple is huge, and the story of Lei Haiqing becoming a god is as common as spring water. There is also a Tang poem written in the temple: "Thousands of families are worried about the wild, and Jing He's officials go to the sky, and autumn locust leaves fall through the palace." According to legend, this is a poem by the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei mourning Lei Haiqing. Then there is Wan Hualei's uterus, which was built in the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799). In addition, there are many artists who worship the statue of Marshal Tian in the side hall or abbot hall of other temples. Up to now, there are more than 200 temples in Taiwan Province dedicated to Marshal Tian Du.

Folk beliefs of Han nationality in Fujian

In Fujian, in addition to the ancestral temple in Nan 'an, there are many ancient Marshal Tian temples in various regions, and their temples are distinctive in history, architectural art and religious ceremonies. According to legend, he was a musician in the Tang Dynasty, Lei Haiqing, whose worship source can be examined. It is a book called "The Complete Works of Three Religions Seeking Gods": "Tian was born in the Tang Dynasty, and his mother Su's family went to the wild, feeling in the arms of heaven and getting pregnant before marriage. After the marshal was born, Lao Su humiliated the threshold with his fatherless son, so he abandoned the field and picked it up for a farmer named Lei, adopted it as his son and named it. When Su Lao was two years old, he went to the village to collect rent, went to the tenant Lei's house and saw a child playing naked in court. He regarded his red Chinese-style chest covering as embroidered with lotus flowers and recognized it as his own property, only then did he remember that the child was his grandson. It was negotiated with Lei Weng and brought back to raise it. Because all the abandoned fields were fostered by tenants, Tian was taken as the surname. A little longer, gifted, brilliant, just weak, good at music, proficient in various musical instruments, good at composing. During the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, a court musician known as Emperor Xuanzong once composed a song, which was famous at that time. Let him be the commander and take care of the children in the pear garden. " According to legend, "he died suddenly when he played the marshal in the pear garden, so he was dressed in military uniform and wore a pheasant tail." After the death of Marshal, later generations were honored as the God of Music.

Earlier, there was a temple dedicated to Marshal Tiandu in Xinghua County, Fujian Province. According to the temple tablet, he was named the minister of Taichang Temple by Tang Suzong and the grand marshal by Emperor Gaozong of Song Taizu. According to legend, when Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was in trouble in Chang 'an, the marshal appeared three times. When he saw the word "Tiandu" on the flag, later generations named him "Tiandu" and honored him as "Marshal of Three Days", regarded as the founder of the music scene, and some people in Fuzhou called him "the master of flower exploration".