Luzhaoguo country

In the game, it is called "Nanzhao Kingdom". In some places, it was called that at first when it was broadcast.

But later it became "Lanzhao Kingdom".

Probably the people at the power plant had a problem when translating or typing subtitles, so they read it according to the phonetic characters.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties of the Nanzhao Kingdom, there were scattered people living in what is now Yunnan. There are many tribes with so many names that it is difficult to name them all. In terms of race, there are mainly white barbarians and black barbarians.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the Wuman generally still lived a life of animal husbandry and did not know how to weave. Both men and women used cow and sheep skin to make clothes. Their social development was lagging behind that of the Baiman. From the early to the middle of the 7th century, the Wuman conquered the local Baiman and established six imperial edicts. Wuman calls his king Zhao, and Liuzhao refers to the six kingdoms. The six imperial edicts are: (1) Mengshe imperial edict, located in the southernmost part of today's Weishan County, so it is also called Nanzhao; (2) Mengxi imperial edict, located in the northern part of today's Weishan County, is the northern neighbor of Mengshe imperial edict. ; (3) Yue Jizhao, in today's Binchuan and Fengyi counties; (4) ? Zhao, in today's Dengchuan County; (5) Langqiong Zhao, in today's Eryuan County; (6) Shi Langzhao, In the northeast of Zhaozhao. After the 70s of the 7th century, Tubo forces entered the northern part of the Erhai Lake area. Nanzhao was the furthest away from Tubo and was less threatened, so it was still attached to the Tang Dynasty. In order to resist Tuxu, the Tang Dynasty strongly supported Nanzhao in its unification war.

When he arrived at Piluo Pavilion, King of Nanzhao, he gradually eliminated other imperial orders and established a unified Nanzhao Kingdom with its capital at Taihe City (south of Dali City). In 738 (the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty canonized Pi Luoge as the King of Yunnan. After that, Nanzhao expanded its territory. At its peak, it roughly occupied part of present-day Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou, and became a powerful local government established by ethnic minorities in southwest China.

After the establishment of Nanzhao, it engaged in a long-term struggle with the Tang Dynasty and Tubo. In 794, Nanzhao sent troops to resist Tubo and got rid of Tubo's suppression and oppression. However, after the 930s, the conflicts between Nanzhao and Tang Dynasty intensified again, and wars broke out continuously. At the end of 830, Nanzhao captured Chengdu, plundering hundreds of thousands of children, hundreds of thousands of workers, and precious goods, causing huge losses to the Tang Dynasty.

Under the strong influence of the Tang Dynasty, Nanzhao's society developed rapidly after unification. Nanzhao established a fairly complete political organization based on the Tang system. Nanzhao also implemented the land equalization system.

The production relations in Nanzhao are relatively complex. Feudalism has emerged, but slavery still exists widely, and some backward areas are still in the clan system stage. In general, Nanzhao is still a slave country.

At that time, Nanzhao used two oxen and three people to plow the fields. One person led the oxen, one pressed the plow shaft, and the other drove the plow. Their farming level is obviously lagging behind that of the Han people. Nanzhao's textile technology was originally relatively low, but since weavers from Chengdu entered Yunnan, Nanzhao's textile technology has caught up with the level of the Tang Dynasty. Nanzhao's smelting technology is also quite advanced. The weapons it produces such as Langjian, Yudao, and Duosheath are extremely sharp and have a long reputation. Most of the buildings in Nanzhao imitate the Tang style. The existing tower of Chongsheng Temple in Dali during the Nanzhao period is majestic and majestic. It was designed and built by Han craftsmen Gong Tao and Wei Yi.

In the late Nanzhao period, the ministers had exclusive power, and conflicts within the ruling class intensified. In 902, Zheng Maisi, the seventh grandson of the Han minister Zheng Hui, overthrew the Meng clan Nanzhao and proclaimed himself king, transforming the country into "Great Changhe".

The Rise and Fall of the Nanzhao Kingdom

In the Yunnan area in southwest China, various ethnic groups live together and have many names. The "New Book of Tang·Liang Cuan Man Biography" calls "the types of barbarians, "Too many things cannot be remembered" is indeed a real situation. The Han people entered Yunnan, set up several settlements, and began to spread advanced culture. During the Warring States Period, Chu general Zhuang Hu led his troops to Dian Lake and established the Dian Kingdom, and his descendants became kings one after another. Julan City (near Kunming City) is said to have been built by Zhuang? During the Qin Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty often opened a five-foot-wide road from Shu to Dian (Zhuge Liang began to widen the road). In 109 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent General Guo Chang to destroy the Dian Kingdom and establish Yizhou County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yongchang County (Zhibuwei, north of Baoshan County, Yunnan) was added. Zhuge Liang pacified the south and added two counties, Xinggu (Malong County, Yunnan) and Yunnan (Xiangyun County, Yunnan). Since then, each dynasty has successively added prefectures and counties to expand its governing power. Regarding non-Han residents, they all adopted Zhuge Liang's policy of "roughly defining the disciplines and making the Yi and Han people rough and safe". In order to live in peace and harmony.

On the Yunnan side, the Dongcuan settlements below the two prefectures of Ziqu and Jing were also destroyed by Tang soldiers. The losses on both sides were severe. The war promoted the great migration of the Baiman and Wuman, and only a part of the Wuman remained to pay tribute to the Tang Dynasty.

When Piluo Pavilion was in power, Cuan Chongdao, the great ghost lord of the two Cuans, killed Cuan Guiwang, the governor of Nanning Prefecture. The mother of King Cuangui's wife Asha (pronounced "chà") was a Wuman chieftain. Ah Shao returned to her mother's house and asked her father to lead his men to take revenge. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Prince Cuangui Cuan Shouyu as the governor of Nanning Prefecture (west of Qujing County, Yunnan). Piluo Pavilion used a female wife, Cuan, to guard the corner, and a female wife, Cuan, to worship Taoist son Cuan to assist the court. They expressed reconciliation to both parties, but in fact the two sides were still at war with each other. Obviously, the civil strife in Xicuan is related to Piluo Pavilion's plot to plot Xicuan. Ah Shao asked Piluo Pavilion for help, and Piluo Pavilion sent troops to kill Cuan Fuchao and Cuan Chongdao. After Geluofeng rebelled against the Tang Dynasty, Cuan Shouyu was abandoned, and the land of Xicuan was owned by Nanzhao. Geluofeng sent General Yang Mou to force Xicuan to move to Yongchang City (Baoshan County) southwest of Taihe City, and more than 200,000 households were relocated. Heman and Xicuan were both white barbarians, and they moved to Yongchang, which could increase Nanzhao's strength. Xicuan conquered Wuman (Dongcuan) and moved there. After that, Wuman was able to stand on his own. The king of Nanzhao married Wuman for generations, allowing Wuman to move to his hometown in Xicuan. Wuman naturally made peace with Nanzhao and helped Nanzhao. Defend against attacks from Jiannan. It is not the real reason to say that Dong Cuan had to avoid migration because he could not understand the language and lived mostly in the forest and valleys. The Wuman economy and culture are relatively backward. They live around Dianchi Lake and have changed from animal husbandry to agricultural tribes. Their cultural level has gradually improved and is close to that of the Baiman. This is also very beneficial to the Wuman. Nanzhao had the White Man as its foundation and the Wu Man as its auxiliary, so it had the conditions for development. The migration from east to west Cuan was indeed a major event in Nanzhao.

In 754, Li Mi (pronounced mì), who stayed behind in Jiannan, led 70,000 troops to attack Nanzhao and advanced to Taihe City. The entire army was annihilated. This was the last time Tang sent troops. The next year, Anlushan rebelled, and the Tang Dynasty was unable to attack again, but Nanmo still wanted to return to the Tang Dynasty. Ge Luofeng erected a large monument (Nanzhao Dehua Monument) in Taihe City, indicating that he had no choice but to rebel against the Tang Dynasty. He told his subordinates that future generations might return to the Tang Dynasty, and they should point the monument to the Tang envoys to understand my true intentions. . Ge Luofeng knew that relying on Tibet would do more harm than good, and the relationship between the two countries could not last long.

After 755, the Tang Dynasty was trapped in civil strife, and Tubo expanded to the Longyou area west of the Tang River. Nanzhao got a chance to rest, and worked together to complete the scale of founding the country. Several important systems of Nanzhao are briefly described below.

Central official system - the king of Nanzhao sat facing the east, called himself Yuan, and called his ministers Chang (sound field chǎng). The ministers only called themselves official titles and not ministers to the king. The highest-ranking official among the main officials is called Qingpingguan, and among the six of them, his position is equal to that of the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. There were also twelve generals from the army, accompanied by Qingping officials, who met with the king every day to discuss matters. One of the Pingguan officers is invited to be the Internal Accountant, and whenever there are documents, he will judge and dispose of them on behalf of the king (Pingzhangshi), and the two of them are deputy Internal Accountants, and they will do the same thing (Tongpingzhangshi). There are also two external accounting officers, either Qingping officials or generals in the army. The external accountant is in charge of the six Cao Cao, and all the official documents that should be issued by the six Cao Cao are issued by the external accountant and the main Cao Cao. The six caos are equivalent to the six departments of the Tang Dynasty, and their names are Bingcao, Hucao (in charge of household registration), Kecao, Facao, Shicao (in charge of construction projects), and Cangcao (in charge of finance). The six Cao leaders had meritorious deeds and were promoted to generals. The army will accompany the Qingping officials to discuss government affairs at home, and guard important towns when they go out. They will serve as military envoys. If they accumulate merit, they will be promoted to Qingping officials.

Local official system - the local organization is centered on the Erhai area and is divided into ten (simply pronounced jiǎn equivalent to the states of the Tang Dynasty) and six festivals. Wenchuan City (southeast of Dali Autonomous Prefecture), Longkou City (north of Dali County), Dali City (Xizhou of Dali County), Taihe City (Taihe Village of Dali County), Yangju City (咩音miē Dali County ) is a group, divided into three: Xuchuan City is Lizui, Dali City, Longkou City is Shi, Taihe City and Yangjumei City are Yang. The kings of Nanzhao came and lived in five places. In addition, Baiya (also known as Bo Nong, a red rock in the southeast of Dali County) is where the king's relatives live, and it is also where officials divide their fields; the southeast of Zhaochuan (Dali County) is where the Baiman who are close to the king live, which is also the main place of Nanzhao. The official's family resides; Mengshe (Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County) is the birthplace of Nanzhao. The above is called Liu, which is the area directly ruled by the Nanzhao state.

Nanzhao attached itself to the Tang Dynasty, and with the help of the Tang Dynasty, it won an unprecedented victory. After that, Tubo became weak and stopped attacking. The Tang Dynasty kept its alliance and was unable to send troops to intervene. There were no strong neighbors outside, so Nanzhao became a powerful country in the southwest.

In 808, Yimou wanted to die, and Zixun Pavilion persuaded him to establish it. Xunge persuaded him to call himself Piao Xin (title of king). In 809, Xunge persuaded him to die, and Zigong Longsheng was established. In 816, Wang Jue, Meng Cuodian, the governor of Nongdong, killed Quan Long Sheng, and supported Quan Long Sheng's younger brother to persuade him to benefit. Since Nanzhao's victory over Tubo, Jiedushi's power has gradually increased, and killing the king is a manifestation of the weight of the military. Quanlong Sheng was only twelve years old when he came to the throne, and Quanli was only fifteen years old. The younger kings came to the throne one after another, which was also an opportunity for the warriors to assert their power. When the warriors gained power, they either started internal strife or provoked external provocations. Mengcu Peak began to protect the territory and began to attack and plunder the outside world. After that, Nanzhao took advantage of the weakening of the Tang Dynasty and often invaded the Tang territory. As the warriors became more powerful, the Meng Dynasty also became stronger. It perished under the control of the minister.

(3) Attacking abroad (830-902)

Jiannan Jiedushi Du Yuanying was a greedy and fatuous old bureaucrat with no control over the border. Be on guard. In 823, he persuaded Li to die and his younger brother Fengyou was established. In 830, Mengcuodian mobilized the entire country's troops and invaded Chengdu, taking away hundreds of children, tens of thousands of workers, and countless property. Mengcu Dian drove the captured people to the Dadu River and told the people that the south bank of the river is the border of Nanzhao, and you are allowed to cry goodbye to your hometown. The people cried bitterly, and thousands of people committed suicide by jumping into the water. This plunder, from Chengdu to Yuexi, 800 miles away, no human, animal and property was left. The people of Shu said, "The Western Rong is OK, but the Southern Barbarians can't kill me." After Tubo, Nanzhao became a serious problem on the Tang border, and its behavior was even more corrupt than that of Tubo, because Nanzhao's army only had one purpose: plunder. Mengcu Peak was afraid that Tang would send troops to challenge the throne, so he gave gold and silk to Tubo and 2,000 Shu prisoners, so that they could work together to resist the Tang army. Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty allowed Nanzhao to seek peace and made a treaty of non-invasion. He also appointed Li Deyu as the envoy to Jiannan to reorganize border defenses and train soldiers to prevent Nanzhao from attacking again. Nanzhao obtained a large number of craftsmen, and from then on the handicraft industry developed, comparable to that of Shu. As early as 779, Tubo and Yimouxun joined forces to attack Chengdu, trying to capture all the craftsmen and send them to Luosuo City. Now they have captured 2,000 people from Shu, which is an unexpected gain. The only people who suffer without complaint are the people of Shu, who were ruined by the corrupt rulers for no reason and will forever be the handicraft slaves of the two countries. In 832, Nanzhao attacked Piao State and captured more than 3,000 people, who were assigned to Tuodong Town.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Zhuo, the Annan economic envoy, was greedy, violent and selfish, and mistreated the residents. The Tuodong Jiedu envoy of the Nanzhao Tuodong secretly formed alliances with certain tribes and invaded the Annan territory. In 859, Fengyou died, and his son Qilong (also written as Shilong) was established. Chief Long called himself emperor and changed his country's name to Dali. The brave general Duan Zongxuan killed the regent Meng Cuodian, and the Nanzhao regime fell into the hands of the Duan family.

In 860, Annan led more than 30,000 troops from Nanzhao to attack the Jiaozhi City of Annan in the Tang Dynasty. Tang soldiers recaptured Annan. In 861, Nanzhao soldiers captured Yongzhou and plundered the population. Not even a single original resident remained. In 862, Nanzhao attacked Annan again. Seeing that Tang was prepared, he retreated with his troops. Soon, Nanzhao troops combined Taohua, Mang, Naxing and other tribes with 50,000 troops to attack Annan. In 863, Jiaozhi City was captured. Nanzhao defeated Annan twice, and no less than 150,000 Tang people were killed and captured. The Nanzhao envoy Yang Sijin, who was good at explaining Jiedushi, led 20,000 troops to guard Annan, while the Tang Dynasty retreated to Lingnan. In 866, Gao Pian, the governor of Annan in the Tang Dynasty, defeated Nanzhao's army and killed 30,000 relatives. Nanzhao's defeated army fled. Yizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the armies of Annan, Yongzhou, and Xichuan to protect their borders and not attack Nanzhao. He also sent envoys to persuade Nanzhao to resume the peace treaty as he wished, and the Tang Dynasty did not ask any further questions. At that time, the Tang Dynasty was completely decadent and on the verge of collapse. Local officials, large and small, on the border were all corrupt and cowardly. Even though the court said they should guard their borders, local officials still created border provocations for their own benefit. In 1869, the Nanzhao army invaded Xichuan and conquered the prefectures and counties along the way. In 870, Chengdu was besieged. It was not until 875, when Gao Pian was the military envoy to Xichuan, that he expelled the Nanzhao army across the Dadu River and recovered the lost states and counties. In 880, Tang Prime Minister Lu Xie and others summarized Nanzhao's raids and plunders, saying, "Since Xiantong (860), the barbarians (Nanzhao) fell twice into Annan and Yongguan, once into central Guizhou, and four times into Xichuan , recruiting troops and transporting food, the world was exhausted. For more than fifteen years, more than half of the rents and taxes were not able to enter the capital. The three envoys and the internal treasury were exhausted. The soldiers died from the miasma, and the people were trapped as thieves, causing the Central Plains to be barbaric. also".

On the surface, the accelerated collapse of the Tang Dynasty was indeed related to Nanzhao's invasion, but the root cause of Nanzhao's disaster was the extreme decadence of the Tang Dynasty, which Lu Xie and others did not dare to face squarely.

In 897, Emperor Fa of Nanzhao was killed in Shanchan City, and Zishun was established. In 902, Shun Hua died, and his son was less than one year old. The powerful official Zheng Maisi took charge of the state affairs, killed Shun Hua's son, raised an army to kill 800 Meng family members, and destroyed Nanzhao.

Nanzhao lasted for one hundred and sixty-five years from 738, when Piluo Pavilion unified the six imperial edicts, to 902, when Zheng Maisi destroyed Nanzhao.

Genealogy table of Nanzhao kings

Shelong—Xinuluo (649-674)—Luo Shengyan (year of reign unknown)—Yange (Year of reign unknown) - (Brother) Sheng Luopi (year of reign unknown) - Pi Luoge (named by Meng Guiyi in the Tang Dynasty,? - 748) - Ge Luofeng (748 - 778 years) - (Sun) Yimouxun (778 years - 808 years) - Xunge Quan (808 years - 809 years) - Quan Longsheng (809 years - -816) - (Brother) Quanli (816 - 823) - (Brother) Fengyou (823 - 859) - Chief Dragon (Shilong, 8 59 years - 877 years) - Fa (Long Shun, 877 years - 897 years) - Shunhua (897 years - 902 years)

Da Changhe Kingdom (902-928)

Zheng Maisi, also known as (Tongchang), was the seventh grandson of Zheng Hui. Zheng Hui was also called Wang Manli. Wang was a title, and his descendants were naturally included in the nobility and participated in politics. When Shun surrendered, Zheng Maisi was in charge of the government, and when Shun became prime minister, he developed the power to seize the country. After the destruction of Nanzhao, the country's name was changed to Dachanghe, but other systems were not changed. The name "Changhe" reflects that the nobles at that time were fighting for power and were not reconciled. Nanzhao defeated Tubo, especially in the attack on Tang Dynasty, and captured a lot of people. The warriors gained power and supported their troops. External attacks and plundering turned into internal competition. From the Changhe Kingdom to the Dali Kingdom, they adopted a deeply closed-minded attitude towards the mainland court. They had few political contacts and dared not engage in military operations. The reason was that internal competition was fierce. If the mainland court interfered, weak countries would not be able to resist. of. In 965, Song general Wang Quanbin destroyed the Shu Kingdom and asked to take advantage of the victory to attack Yunnan. Song Taizu was concentrating all his efforts to stabilize the interior and did not dare to make any progress. He used a jade ax to draw the west of the Dadu River on the map and said, "Beyond the river is not my land." Yunnan and the Song Dynasty were isolated from each other for more than 300 years due to internal instability.

When Zheng Maisi passed the throne to Sun Zheng Longdan, Dongchuan Jiedu envoy Yang Qianzhen killed Zheng Longdan and destroyed the Dachanghe Kingdom.

Genealogy table of the kings of Dachanghe Kingdom

Zheng Maisi (902 years -?) 1 Zheng Shi (? - 926 years) 1 Zheng Longdan (92 years) Six years - 928)

Datian rejuvenated the country and Dayi Ningguo (928 - 936)

Yang Qianzhen destroyed the country of Changhe and supported Zhao Good governance is based on trust, and the country is named Datianxing, also known as Xingyuan Kingdom. In 1929, Yang Qianzhen abolished Zhao Shanzheng and established himself on his own, changing the country's name to Dayining. Yang and Zhao both had the surnames of the Baiman people. Zheng Maisi killed the Meng family members, the Wuman people lost power, and the Baiman people successively won the country. In 937, Tonghai Jiedushi Duan Siping destroyed Dayi Ningguo.

Dali Kingdom (937-1253)

Duan Siping was a Baiman aristocrat and the first minister Duan listed in the "Nanzhao Dehua Monument" Zhongguo (originally named Jianwei) was Duan Siping's sixth generation ancestor. The Duan family claimed that their ancestors were from Wuwei County (Liangzhou). The Duan family was probably a barbaric Han Chinese. Yang Qianzhen wanted to kill Duan Siping. Duan Siping was protected by his uncle Cuan Fan and his friend Gao Fangsu (an old minister of Zhao Shanzheng). He borrowed troops from the 37th tribe of Dongfang Hei Cuan and Song Cuan, and met in Shicheng (Qujing County) with Dong Dong. Jialuo served as a military advisor, attacked Taihe City, and established the Dali Kingdom.

Most of the thirty-six tribes are Wuman, and a few are Yao people. Yang Qianzhen destroyed the Zheng family, and Duan Siping destroyed the Yang family, both relied on the help of the thirty-seven tribes. When Duan Siping won the kingdom, he first exempted the thirty-seven tribes from corvee service and made an alliance to protect each other and make peace. Thirty-seven tribes live in the east, north and south of Dianchi Lake. The territory of Dali Kingdom is the same as that of Nanzhao. However, their actual power is limited to western Yunnan with Erhai Lake as the center. They no longer dare to attack outside like Nanzhao. .

When the throne of Dali was passed to Duan Lianyi, his minister Yang Yizhen deposed the Duan family and established himself as the emperor of Guang'an.

Four years later, Duan's minister Gao Zhisheng sent his son Gao Shengtai to raise Dongfang soldiers (now thirty-seven soldiers) to destroy the Yang family and support Duan Shouhui. In 1099 (the second year of Yuanfu reign of Emperor Zhezong of Song Dynasty), Duan Shouhui gave way to Gao Shengtai. Gao Shengtai changed the country's name to Great China. After Gao Shengtai died, his son Gao Taiming gave way to Duan Zhengchun, and the country was renamed Houli Kingdom. At that time, the thirty-seven tribes in the East were independent and fought against Houli State many times. The Gao family had exclusive power, and the people of the country called him the Lord of the Kingdom. When merchants from Persia, Kunlun and other countries came to do business, they had to meet the Lord of the Kingdom first. The Gao family returned the throne and nominally did not dare to depose the Duan family. This was probably related to the opposition of the Thirty-seven Eastern Tribes to the Gao family. In 1116 (the third year of the Zhenghe reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty), Duan Heyu, king of Houli, sent envoys to pay tribute, and Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty named Duan Heyu the King of Dali. In 1173, Dali sent envoy Li Guanyin and twenty-three people to Yongzhou to discuss trade. In 1253, Emperor Xianzong of the Yuan Dynasty ordered Kublai Khan to lead his troops into Yunnan, capture Duan Xingzhi and Gao Taixiang, and destroy the Dali Kingdom. Yunnan was separated from the mainland and even isolated for more than 300 years. The Tang and Song dynasties were unable to change this situation. The Yuan Dynasty eliminated the Yunnan separatists and used troops smoothly without encountering any major resistance. This shows that the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan dislike the Duan family. The clan's separatist regime is willing to unify with the mainland because the improved economy and culture require more contact with the mainland and do not allow the ruling class to maintain artificial divisions for a long time.

Dali Kingdom had twenty-two lords from Duan Siping to Duan Xingzhi, three hundred and seventeen years.

In 738, Piluoge of Nanzhao unified the six imperial edicts, and in 1253, the Dali Kingdom was destroyed, which lasted for 560 years.