What is the relationship between Nanzhao State and Dali State?

Nanzhao Kingdom and Dali Kingdom both refer to Yunnan, and both are ancient kingdoms established in Yunnan.

1, Nanzhao State

Nanzhao Kingdom (738 -902), an ancient country name, is an ancient kingdom that rose in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the eighth century. It was founded by the Mongolian tribe leader Pirog in the 26th year of Tang Kaiyuan (738). Two years later (902), Zheng Maisi, a powerful minister of the Han nationality, perished Nanzhao, became king on his own, and established the "Dachang" country.

At the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, there were many small countries in Erhai area, which were not subordinate to each other. Among them, there are six powerful small countries, led by six kings respectively. They are called six imperial edicts, namely Mongolian imperial edict, Moon Rock imperial edict, Langqiu imperial edict, Shi Lang imperial edict and Mengshe imperial edict.

Mengshe imperial edict is in the south of imperial edict, which is called "Nanzhao". With the support of the Tang Dynasty, Nanzhao successively conquered the ministries in Xi 'er area, eliminated the other five imperial edicts and unified Erhai area.

2. Dali Kingdom

Dali Kingdom (937- 1094, 1096- 1253, in white: Dablit guaif) is a multi-ethnic regime established in the southwest of China, and the whole country respects Buddhism, with more monarchs in past dynasties than Buddhist monks in their later years.

In 937 AD, the late Jin ambassador to the sea made Duan Siping unite with Gao Fang, Dong Jialuo and other nobles in Erhai area to destroy the country, and made Yangmaocheng (now Dali, Yunnan) its capital, which was called "Dali" in history. The territory includes China's Yunnan, Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan and parts of Myanmar, Laos and northern Vietnam.

In A.D. 1095, Prime Minister Gao Shengtai usurped the throne and changed his country name to "Dazhong". The following year, he died and returned to Duan, known as "Hou Li" in history. 1253, Dali was destroyed by Mongolia, and Duan Xingzhi, the former monarch of Dali, was appointed as the hereditary general manager of Dali. ?

From Yuan Shizu to the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1270), the Yuan Dynasty established Yunnan Province in Dali, which strengthened China's rule over the southwest frontier.

Extended data:

Yunnan ancient history evolution;

Yunnan province is one of the important birthplaces of mankind. Yuanmou ape, who lived 6.5438+0.7 million years ago, is the earliest human being discovered in China and Asia so far.

During Xia and Shang Dynasties, Yunnan belonged to Liangzhou, one of Kyushu in China. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, Yunnan was called "the land of a hundred schools of thought".

In the 3rd century A.D., Zhuang Ti, a general of Chu State, entered Dianchi Lake and established Dian State.

The establishment of Wuchi Road in Qin Dynasty marked the beginning of the official rule of Yunnan by the central dynasty.

In the second year of the Han Dynasty (before 109), during the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, it opened in the southwest, and the king of Yunnan surrendered, setting up Yizhou County and leading 27 counties. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yongchang County was located in today's Baoshan, which also belonged to Yizhou Department. The rule of Yunnan was further deepened, and the territory of China in western Yunnan was basically laid.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yunnan, Guizhou and southwestern Sichuan were called "South China". During the Three Kingdoms period, some slave owners and nobles in the south occupied the land, and Zhuge Liang led the army across Shandong (now Jinsha River) to pacify the south and adjust the county system.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Yunnan was changed to Ningzhou, which was directly ruled by the central government and became one of China 19 Kyushu countries. At this time, iron was widely used in Yunnan, and immigrants settled in fields. New factors of feudal relations of production have emerged in central and northeastern Yunnan. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yunnan entered the rule of cuan clan.

In the seventh year of Taishi in Jin Dynasty (27 1), Ningzhou was restored. In the third year of Taikang (282), he returned to Yizhou and served as a captain in Nanyi. In the second year of Taian (303), Ningzhou was restored. In the eighth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (333), Li Xiong sent Li Shou to capture Nanzhong. Li Shou was named "King Jianning" and Chen Xian was the secretariat of Jiaozhou.

In the fourth year of Xiankang (338), Anzhou was divided. In the fifth year of Xiankang (339), Chen Xian descended to the Jin Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty made Chen Xian the secretariat of Ningzhou, and acknowledged his hereditary status. Since then, cuan clan, a Yi giant, has ruled Yunnan for 400 years.

During the reign of Liang Datong in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Nanning was restored, and Yunnan was not in the crowd at the end of the holy period.

In the Sui Dynasty, the separatist forces were eliminated, and Yunnan was placed under the direct rule of the central government again, followed by the early Tang Dynasty, which basically restored the county scale in the Han and Jin Dynasties. In the seventeenth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (597), Nanzhong was reopened, and Nanning was still established, leading dozens of states, and then the Yizhou Governor's Office. ?

In the Tang Dynasty, in the fourth year of Wude (62 1), Yaozhou was thirty-two years old. In the sixth year of Zhenguan (633), a governor's office was set up in Rongzhou to supervise seventeen states in South China.

In 707, the Tang Dynasty defeated the Tibetan expansionist forces that invaded Erhai Lake in the south. In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), Meng Shezhao tribal leader and Ailao Yi people in Erhai merged with other five imperial edicts to establish Nanzhao State.

During Nanzhao period, Guizhou was in the east, Irrawaddy River in the west, Xishuangbanna in the south and Dadu River in the north. The southeast border is now Vietnam, and the southwest border is now Myanmar; There are Tubo in the northwest and Rongzhou (now Yibin) in the northeast.

Nanzhao was renovated internally, and Dongcheng (now Kunming) was built and expanded. The capital Taihe City (now Dali City) was established the following year. In the first year of Tianbao (742), the governor of Rongzhou held thirty-six states. In the ninth year of Tianbao (750), Nanzhao occupied the whole territory of Yunnan, became a Tubo vassal state and usurped the title of Great Mongolia.

In the fourth year of Zhenyuan (788), Tubo conferred the title of King Ridong. Five years, back to the Tang Dynasty. Ten years, please change the name of Nanzhao. In the third year of Taihe (829), he rose up against the Tang Dynasty. In the 13th year of Dazhong (839), it was an imperial gift. ?

In 879, Zheng Maisi killed Nanzhao Wang Jianchang. In the fourth year of Guanghua (90 1), Zheng bought the heir to seize the throne, became king on his own, and was renamed Du Wei. In the third year of Tiancheng in the late Tang Dynasty (928), Yang Ganzhen established Dayining.

In the second year of Tianfu at the end of Jin Dynasty (937), Duan Siping contacted 37 ministries to destroy Yi 'anguo and establish Dali regime. Dali regime basically inherited the border since Nanzhao, with eight states, four counties and thirty-seven departments, and practiced feudal serfdom.

The rule of Dali regime in Yunnan is basically the same as that of Song Dynasty in the Central Plains. The King of Dali paid tribute to the Song Dynasty, and its leader was successively named King of Eight Counties in Yunnan and King of Dali by the Song Dynasty, and became an assistant to resist the western line of Mongolian nobles in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Dali regime has always maintained a vassal relationship with the Song Dynasty.

In Yuan Dynasty 1253, Kublai Khan led the army to cross Jinsha River in skins, enter Yunnan and destroy Dali Kingdom. 1260, "General Manager of Dali Kingdom" was established.

1276, Kublai Khan sent Sayyid Shams Din 'Umar to Yunnan to establish Yunnan province, appointed Saidianchi as the "Pingzhang Department of Yunnan Province" and Zhongqing Road (Kunming) as the provincial capital. Since then, Kunming has replaced Dali as the political center of Yunnan, and Yunnan has been completely incorporated into the unified governance of the Yuan Dynasty. Since then, Yunnan has officially appeared as a provincial institution.

Since then, the Yuan Dynasty has named Moore King of Yunnan and Sun Ganma King of Liang in 1290, and Dali, Wang Zhen, Yunnan Province is under the jurisdiction of the whole province. In fact, there are two regimes in Yunnan, namely, provinces and vassals. ?

In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138 1), Zhu Yuanzhang sent Fu Youde, Aquamarine and Mu Ying to the west to pacify Yunnan. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), the agency undertook propaganda and deployment, took people to court, and commanded all missions. In the mainland of Yunnan, officials have been set up.

All of them are under the jurisdiction of Tusi, and the mining and metallurgy industry is developing rapidly, and the output of silver and copper ranks first in the country. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the army of the Western Expedition, represented by Li Dingguo, supported the exiled emperor Li Yong to take Kunming as the base to fight against the Qing army.

In the 16th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1659), Wu Sangui attacked Yunnan, and Li Yong and his entourage fled to Myanmar. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), Zhu Youlang and Li Yong were arrested by Wu Sangui from Myanmar and hanged in Jinchan Temple in Kunming, the last dynasty of the Ming Dynasty fell. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the rebellion in Wu Sangui was shattered.

During the Qing Dynasty, a large number of immigrants came to Yunnan to return home, but they still maintained the chieftain system in some border areas. After the Opium War, France forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-French Vietnam Treaty, which included Yunnan in the French sphere of influence and Mengzi, Manhao and Hekou as commercial ports.

In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), members of Yunnan League held an estuary uprising. In the second year of Xuantong (19 10), the Yunnan-Vietnam railway was completed, and Yunnan Daxi and other materials were mainly exported by railway. In the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1),1kloc-0/October 30th, the Kunming Uprising (Chung Yeung Festival Uprising) was launched, and the military government of Dahan in Yunnan was established, which overthrew the rule of the Qing government in Yunnan.

Baidu encyclopedia-Nanzhao

Baidu encyclopedia-Dali kingdom

Baidu encyclopedia-Yunnan