Xihaigu population overload immigrants

1, harsh climate (cold and drought, serious water shortage)

2, mostly in mountainous areas

3. The barren land is not suitable for the growth of cash crops (Loess Plateau)

4. Serious desertification (desert devours a lot of agricultural land every year)

5. Mineral reserves are abundant, but the quality is not high.

6, traffic inconvenience, leading to traffic problems, but also relatively closed.

internal cause

1, there are many ethnic minorities (Xinjiang, Ningxia, etc. )

2. Lack of education (few schools, few good schools, large population, insufficient attention to education and insufficient openness)

3. Long-term living habits and inherent concepts lead to (unwilling to do business, relying on the ground, being lazy)

Although the population density is relatively low, the carrying capacity of the land to the population is weak, and the population pressure and ecological pressure are great. Taking northwest minority areas as an example, according to the research report of "Productivity of Land Resources and Population Carrying Capacity in China" by Chinese Academy of Sciences 1997, Gansu and Qinghai are "land carrying overload areas", while Xinjiang and Ningxia are "critical areas". 1985 The population density in Ningxia was 6 1.3 people /km2, and it increased to 100.6 people /km2 in 1996. The population density in Guyuan area, which is in extreme poverty level, is 1 10, which is the critical B value of arid and semi-arid areas determined by the United Nations Desertification Conference. It can be seen that the population density in northwest China has exceeded the theoretical density that the ecological environment can accommodate.

At present, the cultural quality of the population in western ethnic areas is low. According to the data of the fifth national census, among the population aged 15 and above, the illiteracy rate is 12.07%, which is higher than the national level of 9.08%, especially in Yunnan, Ningxia and other ethnic minority areas. There are many reasons for these problems, among which, it has a great relationship with the birth policy of ethnic minorities. High birth rate is usually accompanied by early marriage, early childbearing and multiple births. Early marriage, early childbearing and multiple births are also important causes of poverty, that is, falling into a vicious circle of "the poorer and more children, the poorer and poorer".

For example, the population of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang increased from 4,042,400 in 1949 to107322,400 in 1998, an increase of 165.50% (among them, the number of Uighurs in the seventh year was 3291. The population of ethnic minorities in Ningxia increased from 373676 in 1.999 to 1.858220, an increase of 397.28% (among them, the number of Hui people increased from 372642 to 1.8297, an increase of 391.

It can be said that there is no danger of insufficient number of ethnic minorities in northwest China.

The living environment in Xihaigu, a mountainous area in the south of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is extremely harsh. According to the assessment of relevant UN agencies, it is not suitable for human habitation, and it is one of the poorest areas in China. The natural growth rate of rural population in Xiji and Haiyuan counties is as high as 18.07‰ and 19.29‰ respectively. The high natural population growth rate has increased the population pressure and ecological pressure in northwest China, which has become a serious obstacle to its economic and social development.

From 1982 to 1990, the population of ethnic minorities increased by 35.8 1%, which was 2.27 times that of the Han population in the same period. The rapid growth of population leads to the decline of per capita income. Starting from 1955, the state finance set up "subsidies for ethnic minority areas" and "mobile funds for ethnic minority areas" in 1964, and adopted preferential financial policies such as increasing the proportion of financial reserve funds in ethnic minority areas to help ethnic minority areas develop their economies and improve people's living standards. According to statistics, only the above three preferential policies, by 1998, the state has provided accumulated subsidies to ethnic minority areas 168 billion yuan. 1980 the central government implements a quota subsidy system for five ethnic autonomous regions and three provinces with relatively concentrated ethnic minorities: Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai. The above three preferential policies have also been included in the fixed subsidy and continue to be retained. From 1980 to 1998, ethnic minority autonomous areas received fixed subsidies from the central government14 billion yuan. From 65438 to 0980, the state set up funds to support the development of economically underdeveloped areas, a large part of which was used in ethnic minority areas. From 65438 to 0986, the state set up discount loans for poverty alleviation and funds for work relief, a large part of which were used in ethnic minority areas. From 65438 to 0994, the state implemented the reform of the financial management system of "tax sharing system", and all the original subsidies and special appropriation policies for ethnic minority areas were retained. 1995 in the transitional transfer payment method implemented by the state, the content of policy transfer payment to five autonomous regions such as Tibet and ethnic autonomous prefectures in Yunnan, Guizhou and Qinghai provinces has been specially increased, and the policy transfer payment is inclined to ethnic minority areas. The amount of policy transfer payment increases with the growth of national financial resources. From 65438 to 0998, the central government paid nearly 2.9 billion yuan in general transfer payments to five ethnic autonomous regions and three provinces with concentrated ethnic minorities, accounting for 48% of the total transfer payments in China.

The state implements preferential policies for ethnic trade and supports the development of ethnic trade. For example, 1963 began to implement the "three considerations" policy of profit retention, self-owned funds and price subsidies. In order to respect the customs and religious beliefs of ethnic minorities and meet the needs of ethnic minorities for special goods in their production and life, the state has not only determined the categories of clothing, shoes and hats, furniture, silks and satins, food, production tools, handicrafts, decorative articles, musical instruments, etc. 16, but also adopted measures such as establishing special production bases, giving priority to ensuring the supply of production funds and raw materials, and reducing or exempting taxes. Unfortunately, these financial subsidies and tax incentives have been offset by the excessive population growth. In addition, the line from Mohe to Tengchong is the distribution line of China population. There is little precipitation to the west of the water distribution line, and the bad climate restricts population growth. People lived in the west 4000 years ago, and now the low population size is the constraint of water and environment. The west has reached zero population growth.

In addition, some ethnic minorities are lax in family planning, resulting in the existence of a large number of uneducated people (because the cost of giving birth to a person is low, but the cost of educating a person is high); You learn your universal Chinese, and I want to popularize bilingualism. The result is a waste of time. Neither the people of this nation nor the people of China have learned well. Such people simply can't integrate into the mainstream society and can't communicate with others normally. Of course, the market economy has given them less benefits and led to poverty. On the one hand, children's time is precious and limited. On the other hand, children of ethnic minorities should receive bilingual education in a unit time on the basis of poor knowledge. Therefore, Chinese is needed. The mastery and use of national languages is limited to a very narrow range. This knowledge structure does not mean that accepting challenges is a problem. If you don't advance, you will retreat.

As a result of his retreat, he was in a primitive fighting state both mentally and materially.