Search the geographical information of Brazil, including culture, environment and production.

population according to the data of 21, 47.3% of Brazil's population is white, 43.1% is mixed race, 7.6% is black, 2.1% is Asian, and the rest is a few Indians. The official language of Brazil is Portuguese.

The largest country in South America is also a country with rapid economic development. It is the epitome of the melting pot of nations in the world. Brazil has been a Portuguese colony for 3 years in history. In the 16th century, when the colonists landed in Brazil, they found that there was a rare tree-Brazilian wood, from which a rare red dye in Europe could be extracted. Therefore, this wood was called "redwood" and evolved into a national name. Brazil has a national area of 8,514,9 square kilometers, accounting for about 46% of the total area of South America, and is the fifth largest country in the world, second only to Russia, Canada, China and the United States.

Latitude and longitude of Brazil: 35 to 74 degrees west longitude, 5 degrees north latitude to 35 degrees south latitude. It borders the South Atlantic Ocean in the east and other South American countries in the north and south (all South American countries except Chile and Ecuador).

Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, is located in UTC/GMT -3 hours (West Zone 3), and the time difference with Beijing is 11 hours later than China Beijing time.

Brazil's topography is mainly divided into two parts. One part is the Brazilian Plateau above 5 meters above sea level, which is distributed in the south of Brazil, and the other part is the plain below 2 meters above sea level, which is mainly distributed in the Amazon River basin in the north and the west. The whole territory is divided into Amazon Plain, Paraguay Basin, Brazil Plateau and Guyana Plateau, of which Amazon Plain accounts for about 1/3 of the national area. There are three major river systems: Amazon, Parana and San Francisco. The Amazon River is 6,751 kilometers long and traverses the northwest of Brazil, covering an area of 3.9 million square kilometers in the Pakistani basin. Parana river system includes parana river and Paraguay rivers, which flow through the southwest, with many rapids and waterfalls, and are rich in hydraulic resources; The San Francisco River system, with a total length of 2,9 kilometers, flows through the arid northeast and is the main irrigation water source in this area. The coastline is more than 7,4 kilometers long, the territorial sea is 12 nautical miles wide, and it leads the overseas exclusive economic zone to 188 nautical miles.

Among them, Amazon Plain is the largest plain in the world, Amazon River is the largest river in the world, and Brazil Plateau is the largest plateau in the world. Sao Paulo is the largest city in the southern hemisphere.

most areas have a tropical climate, while some areas in the south have a subtropical climate. The average annual temperature in the Amazon plain is 25 ~ 28 degrees, and the average annual temperature in the southern region is 16 ~ 19 degrees.

The proven iron ore reserves are 33.3 billion tons, accounting for 9.8% of the world's total reserves, ranking fifth in the world; The output is 355 million tons, ranking second in the world; The export volume also ranks among the top in the world. Pakistan is rich in 29 minerals, with nickel accounting for 98% of the world's total reserves, and manganese, bauxite, lead, tin and other metals accounting for more than 1% of the world's total reserves. The reserves of niobium ore have been proved to be 4.559 million tons, which can be used globally for 8 years according to the current consumption. In addition, there are abundant chrome ore, gold ore and asbestos ore. The proven reserves of coal mine are 1.1 billion tons, but the grade is very low. Since 27, Brazil has successively discovered large oil and gas fields along the southeast coast. It is estimated that the oil reserves will exceed 5 billion barrels, which is expected to rank among the top ten oil countries in the world. The forest coverage rate is 57%. The timber reserves are 65.8 billion cubic meters. Rich in water resources, with 18% of the world's fresh water, the per capita fresh water possession is 29, cubic meters, and the water conservancy reserves reach 143 million kilowatts per year.

The Atlantic coast is densely populated, while the inland areas are relatively scarce. (referred to as "a small country with a dense population")

Brazil's national population of 186,957,96 (June 2, 28) ranks fifth in the world. The southeast region is the most populous region in Brazil. According to the data of IBGE in 24, the population in this region is about 78 million, which is equivalent to 42% of the total population in Brazil. The region has three most populous states in Brazil (S? o Paulo, with a population of 7 million, Minas Gerais, with 19 million, and Rio de Janeiro, with 15 million) and two largest cities (Rio and S? o Paulo). At the junction of Sao Paulo and Rio, a commercial zone with Sao Paulo and Rio as its pillars has been formed, which has gathered about 23% of Brazil's population and become the most densely populated area in the country.

Ethnic groups and immigrants

There are significant racial and cultural differences in Brazil. Most residents in the south are of European descent, which can be traced back to immigrants from Italy, Germany, Poland, Spain, Ukraine and Portugal in the early 19th century. The residents in the north and northeast are partly indigenous and partly of European or African descent. The southeast region is the most widely distributed region of Brazilian ethnic groups. There are mainly white (mainly Portuguese and Italian descendants) mixed-race people, African-Brazilian mixed-race people and Asian and Indian descendants in this region.

Throughout Brazil, Brazilians, Portuguese and Africans are frequently mixed. In the 19th century, the immigration of Asia and Europe began to be stimulated. Germans began to come here in 1818, Italians in 1875 and Spaniards in 188. At the beginning of the 2th century, Japanese, Syrians and Lebanese began to come here one after another. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 2th century, the biggest migration tide in Brazil took place in the southeast region. Italians and Portuguese became the main components of this migration, because the slave liberation movement began at that time, and plantations and newly emerging Brazilian industries needed a lot of labor.

There have been several great waves of immigrants in the history of Brazil. From 1884 to 1962 alone, more than 4.97 million immigrants moved to Brazil, mainly from Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Poland and Arab countries. Most yellow people come from Japan, Korea and China. There are 1.3 million Japanese and 25, Chinese in Brazil, mainly in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

ethnic composition of the population

Due to historical reasons, the ethnic composition of the Brazilian population is very complicated. The Atlantic coast is densely populated and the inland areas are scarce. There are significant racial and cultural differences. According to the data of 21, 47.3% of Brazil's population is white, 43.1% is mixed race, 7.6% is black, 2.1% is Asian, and the rest is a few Indians. The official language of Brazil is Portuguese. The mixed-race population and the black population grew rapidly. In Brazil, people of different races and colors live together, forming a colorful picture. Indians are the earliest inhabitants of Brazil. Since the 16th century, immigrants from Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany and other European countries have entered Brazil. With the rise of plantations and mining in Brazil, from 1532, Portugal began to traffic slaves from Africa to Brazil in large quantities. After the 19th century, some China and Japanese immigrated to Brazil. Therefore, some people in Brazil are called a melting pot.

ancient Brazil was inhabited by Indians. On April 22nd, 15, Portuguese navigator pedro cabral arrived in Brazil. He named the land "Holy Cross" and declared it owned by Portugal. Since the plunder of Portuguese colonists began with the felling of Brazilian redwoods, the word "Brasil" gradually replaced the "Holy Cross" and became the name of Brazil, which is still in use today, and its Chinese transliteration is "Brazil". In the 193s, Portuguese expeditions established a colony in Pakistan, and in 1549, a governor was appointed. After that, the whole colony was integrated along the Atlantic coast under Portuguese rule. In 1555, France invaded and occupied the equivalent of Rio de Janeiro today, intending to set up a French colony in South America. However, because the French could not attract colonists from Europe, they were finally expelled from Rio by the Portuguese in 1565. Two years later, the Portuguese founded Rio City. It was not until 163 that the Portuguese's political dominance in the Brazilian colony was challenged again.

Napoleon invaded Portugal in p>187, and the Portuguese royal family moved to Brazil. In 182, the Portuguese royal family moved back to Lisbon, and Prince Pedro Liuba served as Regent. On September 7, 1822, it declared its complete independence from Portugal and established the Brazilian Empire. Then he was crowned emperor and called Pedro I. In 1824, Brazil promulgated the Constitution. In 1825, Portugal recognized the independence of Brazil.

during the imperial period (1822 ~ 1889), after the establishment of the Brazilian empire, the system of the Bragansa dynasty and the aristocratic forces of Portugal remained intact, and the manor system and slavery still existed. Brazil was economically and politically dependent on Britain. Pedro I practiced autocratic rule, forcibly dissolved parliament in 1823, and then suppressed the * * * and faction uprising in Pernambuco and other provinces in the northeast by force.

On November 15th, 1889, General Fonseca staged a coup to overthrow the monarchy and establish the United States of Brazil. In 1964, the Pakistani military came to power in a coup, and in 1967, it was renamed the Federated States of Brazil and the United States. In March 1985, the military government returned to the people. On November 15th, 1989, Pakistan held its first direct election in nearly 3 years, and Fernando Collor was elected president. On December 29th, 1992, President Collor was forced to announce his resignation on suspicion of taking bribes, and Vice President itamar franco took over the presidency on the same day. On October 3, 1994, fernando henrique cardoso won the national election and became the 38th president of Brazil on January 1, 1995. On October 4, 1998, Cardoso was re-elected. On January 1, 1999, Khaka became the 39th President of Pakistan, and his term of office was until December 31, 22.

The whole country is divided into 26 states and one federal district (Brasilia Federal District). Each state has municipalities, and there are 5,562 municipalities in the whole country. The names of the states are as follows: Acre, Alagoas, Amazon, Amapá, Bahia, Ceara, San Espiritu, goias, maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pallai Ba, Parana, Pernambuco, Pio, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rond? nia and Romania.

New Discoveries in History Today, Brazilian scientists have discovered the remains of an unknown civilization in the Amazon Plain according to satellite images. According to analysis, these remains are rectangular or round, which may be a country made of gold in ancient legends. Most of these relics are on the border between Brazil and Bolivia.

capital: Brasilia

Brasilia is located in the central part of the Brazilian plateau, and its climate is divided into dry and wet seasons, with the wet season from September to April and the dry season from May to August every year. Dry and wet seasons are obvious, and the temperature difference between morning and evening is also large, with an average annual temperature of 19 degrees. The population is 2.1 million. Brasilia was built in the late 195s on a plateau more than 1 meters above sea level in Goias, Brazil, and it is one of the highest capitals in the world. In 196, the capital officially moved here from the old capital Rio de Janeiro.

in order to develop the vast northern area and make the inland and coastal areas develop in a balanced way, in 1956, Brazil moved its capital from Rio de Janeiro on the Atlantic coast to Brasilia in the middle of the Brazilian plateau. Considering the high terrain and cool and pleasant climate, the builders designed a modern city with unique architecture and beautiful environment. The designer also cleverly dammed two streams flowing through Brasilia to form an artificial lake with an area of 46 square kilometers, which is used to adjust the air humidity in the city. It only took about three years for Brasilia, a green garden city, to miraculously appear on the originally desolate red soil plateau.

Brasilia is the city with the shortest capital in South America. On December 17th, 1987, UNESCO approved the city as a "World Cultural Heritage".

the city is built according to the "master plan of airplane type" by the famous Brazilian architect Lucio Cospe.