The main socio-economic factors that caused the world population migration before the Second World War.

After the Middle Ages, with the discovery and development of the new continent, the rise of capitalism and the progress of transportation, the scale of world population migration began to expand, and the global population distribution changed greatly. The main form of modern population migration is large-scale and long-distance transoceanic migration. The main migration flow is: (1) Europeans migrate to the New World and Southern Africa. After Columbus discovered the New World, Europeans began to migrate to South and North America. First of all, Spanish and Portuguese colonists occupied Brazil and Mexico and other places in America in order to plunder the gold and silver treasures of the New World. However, due to the small population of Spain and Portugal at that time, the number of immigrants was small. Later, England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany and France also moved to North America. Then immigrated to Australia. The first group of immigrants to Australia was 800 British prisoners who arrived in Sydney in 1788. According to statistics, in the last 50 years of the18th century, nearly1000000 immigrants from Europe moved to other continents, and about two-thirds of them were British immigrants. Modern large-scale migration began in the19th century and ended in the first half of the 20th century. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, the scale of immigration was small, which gradually increased from the 1940s, and reached its climax at the beginning of the 20th century and reached its peak during the First World War. During this period, the main flow of immigrants is still from Europe to the New World, mainly to the United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand. According to statistics, from the beginning of 19 century to the 1940s, there were 50.3 million Europeans who moved to the New World. Immigrants mainly come from Britain and Ireland, followed by Germany. (2) Africans were sold to North and South America as slaves. In order to solve the contradiction of labor shortage in the development of the new continent, western colonists cruelly transported African blacks from Africa to America as slaves. 16 19, the first African blacks were sold to North America, and the slave trade continued until the second half of the 19 century. In the three-century slave trade, the total number of slaves transported from Africa to America reached150,000, and at least 40 million slaves were tortured to death by cruel abuse, hunger and infectious diseases on the way to being sold. It is estimated that Africa lost more than 1 100 million people due to the slave trade. Black immigrants to America mainly come from Guinea, Angola, Mozambique and other places. After moving to America, they are mainly distributed in the West Indies, Brazil and the United States. At the same time, there has been an upsurge of population migration in Asia, but the scale is smaller than that in Europe and Africa. The main flow direction is:/kloc-in the 9th century, workers from China, Guangdong and Fujian migrated to Southeast Asian countries (such as Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, French Indian zhina, etc.). ) and the west coast of the United States; Indians migrated to Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Malaysia, etc.). ) and countries in East Africa and South Africa (such as Mauritius, South Africa and Madagascar). ); Japanese migrated to Hawaii, America, Latin America and other places.