When did the trip to the East begin?

I ventured into Guangdong in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China.

The East Gate of Shanhaiguan City defines the Central Plains outside Shanhaiguan and inside Shanhaiguan. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China, Shanhaiguan people, mainly from Shandong and Zhili, began to travel eastward. /kloc-in the 9th century, the lower reaches of the Yellow River in China suffered from famine year after year, and the people of the Central Plains in the lower reaches of the Yellow River invaded the Northeast on a large scale, which was the largest in history.

There are two concepts: broad sense and narrow sense. Throughout history, people in Shanhaiguan inland area make a living through customs, which can be described as "crossing the Kanto", which is broad. In a narrow sense, "going to Kanto" only refers to the history of people from the Central Plains going to Kanto to make a living from Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. The so-called "crossing the Kanto" is narrow.

1855, a rare flood hit Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other regions. The flood washed away the Grand Canal and the grain transportation had to turn to the sea. People who rely on grain transportation have to face serious livelihood difficulties, and in addition, various exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes in the late Qing Dynasty have become the main way for bankrupt farmers to redeem themselves by entering the relatively sparsely populated areas outside the customs.

Most people who go to Guangdong come from Shandong and Hebei. From the early Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the number of people who went to Kanto reached 30 million, most of whom were forced to make a living because of natural disasters and wars. They need to overcome all kinds of difficulties from the mainland to Kanto, either crossing the ocean or wading through mountains and rivers. They drilled mountains, waded rivers, starved, fought wild animals and avoided robbers ... They broke through many obstacles and finally came to Kanto to make a living in order to survive.

Extended data

The word "Chuang" highlights the hardships of this route. The Qing court took the northeast as the "land of Longxing", fearing that a large number of Han people in Shanhaiguan would harm the interests of flag-bearers and destroy the Manchu customs and order. In the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), the policy of banning was implemented, and then the measures became more and more severe, from partial ban to comprehensive ban, from customs clearance to expulsion of refugees.

Although the ban is getting more and more severe, it can't completely prevent people from entering the northeast. Due to the increasing pressure of life and the continuous natural famine, more and more farmers from Shandong and Hebei provinces sneaked across the ocean to Liaodong, or crossed the Great Wall to western Liaoning privately and flocked to the sleeping northeast Woye. These immigrants were all carried out under the conditions of the forbidden policy of the Qing court, so they were called "eastward crossing".

Baidu Encyclopedia-Go to the East