What should I do if my child coughs?

Cold and cough are common diseases in children, which can occur all year round. There are many drugs to treat children's colds, but if used improperly, it will get twice the result with half the effort. How to give children cold medicine accurately? 1, don't rush to reduce the fever. Fever is a defensive reaction of the body, which is harmless to the eradication of invasive bacteria and the general development of children and girls. But when the fever is high (above 39℃), the fever should be reduced under the guidance of a doctor. The best way to reduce fever is physical cooling, such as cold compress and alcohol bath. If physical methods cannot lower the body temperature, antipyretics can be used in combination. Common antipyretics are: 10% ~ 20% Anemone nasal drops, 1 ~ 3 drops each time; Chlorpheniramine tablets, 0.35 mg per kg body weight per day, taken orally for 3-4 times; Children's antipyretic suppository, half a pill at a time to 1 pill, stuffed into anus, three times a day without crossing, and stopped taking medicine after fever. Do not use APC (compound aspirin), because APC is not irritating to use, and the nerve inhibition mechanism of infants and young children is not perfect. When used in high fever, it is not easy to induce convulsions, and it will also cause collapse due to excessive sweating, which will cause blood free bilirubin to accumulate and present jaundice. 2. Don't use antibiotics casually. Most colds are viral infections, and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Commonly used antiviral drugs are: (1) ribavirin, daily weight 10 ~ 20mg, taken three times, or intramuscular injection or intravenous drip, daily weight 10 ~ 15mg. (2) Banlangen granules, half a bag each time, three times a day, taken with boiling water. (3) Dipyridamole, 1 twice a day, 1 5 ~ 25mg orally. The above drugs can be selected as appropriate, with reliable results and little side effects. 3. In the case of incompetence, consider combining antibiotics: taking antiviral drugs can't reduce fever; Prevent secondary bacterial infection in infants under 6 months; The number of white blood cells in blood test is higher than that in absence; Often suffering from tonsillitis; Indicating bronchitis or pneumonia. 4. No matter what medicine you use, you should hope for the following problems: (1) The dosage should not be too large and the taking time should not be too long. (2) Drink plenty of boiled water during medication, so as to facilitate the receipt and excretion of drugs and reduce the persecution of drugs on children's bodies. (3) Children under 3 years old, whose liver and kidney are not yet mature, should not take paracetamol orally or inject it; (4) Children who have no allergic history to antipyretics or their families should not use antipyretics. (5) Don't take antipyretic drugs containing alkali at the same time, such as baking soda and aminophylline, otherwise it will reduce the antipyretic effect. Western medicine thinks that cold and cough are induced by wind evil, which can be divided into two types: wind-cold cold and wind-heat cold. It is reliable to treat diseases based on syndrome differentiation. Ling Yang Gan Mao Pian and Mulberry Ganmao Tablets can be selected under the guidance of doctors. How to use drugs rationally for children with cold and cough? In abcd.bjgl.net, the secondary symptoms of children's colds are no fever, runny nose, stuffy nose and cough, and may be accompanied by vomiting and mild diarrhea. Children under one year old have serious systemic symptoms, mostly high fever, no breastfeeding and no convulsions. Parents must be very worried when they see that. So, how to give children reasonable medication? Abcd.bjgl.net has the following points for reference: (1) Don't rush to reduce fever. There are several points for attention in reducing fever in children: ① The temperature of 37.5 ~ 38℃ is low fever, 38 ~ 39℃ is external fever, and above 39℃ is high fever. Low fever or external heat is harmless to children's growth and development. Fever is a reaction of the body to the invasion of virus or bacteria. This reaction is harmless to the elimination of invading viruses and bacteria, so it is harmless to the general growth and development of children. (2) Use medicine only when the high fever persists. If the temperature reaches above 39 degrees, you should take medicine, and it is urgent. High fever lasts too long, which will make many main functions of the body out of balance; Due to the large consumption of oxygen and nutrients, the commitment to clean the heart and blood vessels has increased; Excessive brain excitement leads to febrile convulsion or excessive restraint leads to drowsiness; Digestive dysfunction; Weakened resistance, pneumonia, etc. (3) antipyretics are very useful, and they have to be used as a last resort. Whether it is paracetamol, compound aspirin (APC) or other antipyretics, it is inseparable from the synthesis of aspirin, coffee cherry and phenacetin. In this way, antipyretics have no great side effects: stimulating gastric mucosa, destroying appetite, aggravating gastric ulcer bleeding, causing persistent gastrointestinal bleeding, leading to iron deficiency anemia; Stimulate blood diseases; Damage to liver and kidney; Severe allergic reaction means exfoliative dermatitis with hepatorenal toxicity and death. ④ Physical cooling and drug cooling can be used as appropriate. (2) Rational drug use: Children with colds should not use antibiotics casually, but choose some antiviral drugs, because colds are caused by viruses. The commonly used anti-cold virus drugs for children are: ① Virulin (moroxydine), with a dose of kg 10 mg per day, taken orally three times. ② Banlangen granules, half a bag each time, three times a day, taken with boiling water. ③ amantadine, 0.65438 0 g per tablet. The dosage of amantadine for children is economical in spring and autumn. The duration of continuous medication should be 3-5 days, and the longest time should not exceed 10 days. ④ Take antiviral liquid, half a bottle each time, three times a day. ⑤ Kanggan Jiedu Granules, half a bag each time, three times a day, with boiled water. (3) Indications of antibiotic combination: ① When the fever still does not drop after taking antiviral drugs. (2) Prevention of adoptive bacterial infection in infants under 6 months. ③ The leucocyte fraction of hemogram examination is higher than that of absence. ④ People who often suffer from tonsillitis. ⑤ Patients with tracheitis (cough, purulent sputum) or pneumonia. (4) When using antiviral drugs, antipyretics and antibiotics, the following points should be expected: ① The dosage should not be too large and the taking time should not be too long. (2) Drink plenty of boiled water to promote the collection and excretion of drugs. ③ The liver and kidney of children under 3 years old are not yet mature, so paracetamol should not be used. (4) If children or their families have no history of allergic reaction to antipyretics, do not use antipyretics. Children's tracheitis is mostly acute tracheitis, which is mostly caused by virus infection. On the whole, the condition is not serious. Although there is no fever, cough, dry cough and cough without phlegm, it usually recovers within 7 ~ 10 days. But tracheitis can often occur, leading to tracheal pneumonia. Left-to-left shunt without congenital heart disease, such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, is generally difficult to cause bronchitis frequently. The tracheitis caused by pertussis bacteria liquid has no obvious characteristics of paroxysmal spastic cough and spitting. Usually there is no cough at first, and then there is a crow-like reaction, which leads to cough and cyanosis. Because of the widespread use of pertussis vaccination, pertussis used to be rare now, and the disease is much milder, with a course of less than 100 days. Children's tracheitis rarely turns into chronic tracheitis, let alone develops into cor pulmonale or tracheal dilatation. Generally speaking, the prognosis of children with bronchitis is good, and it is difficult to cure and recover. Nursing methods 1. Rest keeps children warm, reduces activities and increases rest time. When lying in bed, the head and chest are slightly raised to make breathing smooth. Indoor air is fresh, temperature and humidity are appropriate, and convection wind is avoided. 2. Ensure adequate water and nutrition supply, encourage children to drink plenty of water, and make intravenous supplements when necessary. For a diet rich in indigestible nutrients, it is advisable to eat liquid or semi-liquid food during fever. 3. Linking oral hygiene Because children have symptoms such as fever, cough and sputum, severe cough can cause vomiting, so it is necessary to link oral hygiene to increase the sense of relaxation, promote appetite and promote the excretion of toxins. After eating, the baby can feed proper amount of boiled water to clean his mouth. Older children should rinse their mouths in the morning, after meals and before going to bed. 4. Fever care does not require special treatment in the case of low fever. Physical cooling or drug cooling (refer to the second section of this chapter for high fever nursing) should be used to prevent convulsions. 5. Check the amount of excreta in the respiratory tract, whether it can effectively cough and encourage children to cough ineffectively; If the sputum is thin, the humidity of the sick room can be appropriately increased, and the indoor temperature can be kept at 60% Zuo Zuo, so as to humidify the air and dilute the excreta, and ultrasonic atomization inhalation or steam inhalation can also be used; For children with weak cough, it is advisable to change their positions frequently and pat their backs, so that respiratory excreta can not be easily discharged and inflammation can disappear; If there is a large amount of excrement that affects breathing, cut off the root sputum with an aspirator in time and connect the respiratory tract. Those who have no cough or asthma can take oxygen. 6. Health education should strengthen nutrition, properly carry out outdoor activities and exercise, and strengthen the body's ability to cope with temperature changes. Cut clothes according to the temperature change to avoid getting cold or overheating. During the epidemic of respiratory diseases, don't let children go to public places to avoid cross-infection. Actively prevent malnutrition, rickets, anemia and various epidemics, vaccinate on time, and enhance the body's immunity. Starting from the treatment of disorderly cough, we must first judge whether the disease that causes cough itself can be serious. I cough occasionally when I have a cold. Just make soup with white radish. If you cough with thick phlegm, you can take drugs that dilute excreta, such as ammonium chloride 1/3 ~ 1/2 tablets, 1, three times a day; Brown mixture 1 ml/year, three times a day; Fresh bamboo juice 5 ~ 10 ml, 3 times a day; Qutanling: 5 ~ 10 ml, 1 3 times a day. At the same time, it can be combined with anti-inflammatory drugs, such as amoxicillin granules 1 ~ 2 bags, 1 three times a day; Reforest 0.5 ~ 1.5 bags, 1 3 times a day; Erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules or tablets 30 mg/kg daily, taken orally for 3 times. However, for children with poor constitution and loose stools, fresh bamboo juice and expectorant spirit are not suitable. If the cough is accompanied by low fever, it is necessary to hope that there will be no pneumonia and take the child to the hospital for diagnosis. If you cough for a long time and lose weight with low fever, you should go to the hospital to check for tuberculosis. If the cough occurs while crying, laughing or eating tools, accompanied by shortness of breath, you should immediately pat the child's chest and back and take a posture of lowering your head to help cough up the same thing. Cough is the most common respiratory disease in children, and there is almost no lung disease and no cough symptoms. Western medicine believes that children cough and the lesions are in the lungs. The secondary reason why children's cough is difficult to occur is that the lungs are clean and delicate, and there are often no feet. Clinically, many children and girls often catch a cold and cough because they can't cope with the sudden change of weather. Those children have poor ability to cope with external situations and weak coping ability. They are particularly difficult to be infected by various pathogenic factors. In addition to the immature development stage of children, most of them prefer sweets, and the indoor temperature is too warm or too delicate, which affects the self-cooling ability and forms the body of lung and stomach. It is difficult for such children to show irritability, crying, blushing and restless sleep. Being cool at night means fever, runny nose, cough, sore throat and expectoration. Children without departments, because of improper diet, overeating cold drinks and ice food, gradually formed anorexia with coldness and spleen injury. Because of persistent loss of appetite, weak spleen and stomach, weakened digestion and reception function, nutrients can not meet the needs of the body, so that the resistance is reduced. At this time, if it is affected by cold and exogenous pathogens, it is difficult to cause a cold. There are many diseases, such as nasal congestion, runny nose, cough and phlegm. Anti-inflammatory drugs, cough-relieving and phlegm-resolving drugs are not effective in treating chaos, so the course of the disease is prolonged. It can be seen that it is very important for parents to feed their children reasonably. For children with colds and coughs, parents should place their hopes on the following points: First, in the flu season, children and girls with colds, fever and coughs should not have a long course of disease. After being diagnosed by a doctor, he is taking medicine and nursing at home according to the doctor's instructions. Don't add the chance of frequent infection just because your child has a fever and goes to the hospital frequently. Second, children and girls may take some children's cold medicine first when their cold is not serious; When the fever reaches above 38.5℃, take antipyretics in time, try to rest quietly and drink plenty of boiled water. When the illness gets worse, you should go to the hospital in time to ask for chaos. At that time, it was inappropriate for you to handle it yourself, especially not to take adult drugs casually. In addition, it is important for parents to care for their children and girls. Children and girls don't have to sleep, but they can stop playing. On the first day, feed liquid food to the sick children who don't have vomiting and diarrhea. For children with fever and cough in general, we should eat some delicious, light and nutritious diets, and we must give them a hot diet in winter. Noodles and sliced soup are good. Fever, sweating and loss of body fluids, drink more water and juice, and eat more fruits. Don't take a bath when the child is sick, because taking a bath will make the blood circulation strong, make it quiet and unlucky, and catch a cold again. Children with excessive phlegm do take a bath and add feces, but only after a week of illness, they don't cough at night, and they have a good appetite and can play. When they don't have a fever, they can take a bath before going to bed. If you sleep well, you can wash it every other day at present. The common cough methods of decocting pears and rock sugar in water are as follows: First, decocting pears with almonds and rock sugar in water, causing cough due to wind and heat; First, decoct orange peel pear, white radish and brown sugar in water, and cough due to cold; First, pears are fried with Fritillaria cirrhosa and rock sugar, which are used for dry cough, chronic cough and less phlegm in sick children. There is no inevitable curative effect. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Children should see a doctor if they cough for more than three weeks. Parents will be worried and must see a doctor. Cough is common among children, but parents should not take it lightly. Wang, a famous pediatrician in Singapore, wrote in the latest issue of Nishan Hospital News that cough itself is actually a psychological effect, which can help children cut off excessive excreta outside the respiratory tract and non-toxic amount from the outside world. However, persistent coughing did not bring any benefits to children. Dr. Wang stressed that parents should provide doctors with detailed medical records of children's cough, which will help doctors make accurate diagnosis and prescribe the right medicine. On the other hand, doctors believe that parents should also be provided with knowledge about children's cough. Sometimes, it may be the only way to treat chaos without any medicine. Dr. Wang also listed all the precautions that may cause children to cough continuously. Those precautions are as follows: Recurrent upper respiratory tract infection: As the name implies, children's respiratory tract infection causes cough, because they may encounter incompatible viral infections, and the symptoms are sometimes good and bad. It is also a popular notice for children to cough constantly or from time to time. Most of the children who didn't have cough problems because of that notice were also children who went to key nurseries, where it was difficult for the owners to infect each other. Dr. Wang said that it is always the children's siblings who don't cough first, and then infect other children after the focus of parenting. Those children have no symptoms of cold or fever. One way to solve the cough problem is to isolate children from their kindergarten or school for a period of time to avoid the spread of cough. Doctors will also prescribe antibiotics for children when necessary. Insufficient cough after virus infection: that phenomenon can be said to be a continuation of the above notice, and it has not been cured after two or three weeks. Any child who coughs because of that notice is not serious and has little effect on the child. In addition, children can stay up at night, even if they don't cough when they sleep, the length is often thin. That kind of cough is only more obvious when the child is engaged in violent activities or crying. Dr. Wang said that children who cough because of this notice don't need to take medicine, and doctors should explain it to their parents. Tracheal asthma is a common disease in children. Dr. Wang said that bronchial asthma is a common disease in children, but it is often misdiagnosed or overdiagnosed. Almost every child who keeps coughing is told by the doctor that he may not have asthma. Those children usually have a so-called night cough, but now they are called cough and asthma. Those children looked normal when they were examined, and they didn't show anything when they were X-rayed. Older children may have a lung function test. When doing that kind of examination, it may show that he has no signs of small airway hyperactivity, or no signs. The most common night cough is in the first two hours after sleep. The worst time for coughing is 7: 00 pm to 9: 00 pm, and the latest is 6: 00 am to 8: 00 am. In the period of rapid temperature change, there is no significant difference in the number of coughs, so children's cough is not caused by cold temperature and low air humidity. In order to treat children's cough and asthma, we use drugs to dilate the trachea and always rely on sniffing. However, a recent study shows that if children with persistent night cough take sedatives, it will also improve. I sniffed a lot for two weeks, but the result was not great. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = If the cough persists and is severe, you should seek medical attention. The secondary symptoms of the common cold and influenza are stuffy nose, runny nose and high fever. Babies will vomit and diarrhea all the time. The symptoms of flu are more obvious than the common cold. It will cause chills, headache, sore throat, sore joints and bones, and persistent high fever. At this time, it is reasonable to hope to pick up quiet and indigestible food and replenish water. Every day, children should get into the habit of washing their hands and gargling when they get home. Tracheitis, laryngitis (asthma) Tracheitis usually occurs after a cold, and there will be no symptoms such as cough, expectoration and fever, but if there is no secondary infection and no bacteria, it may not be too worrying. Laryngitis can be relieved from hoarseness, severe cough and throat wheezing. At this time, pay attention to the dryness in the house, connect quietly and talk at any time. Children with asthma Children with asthma have no external fruit (such as pollen and dust) and internal fruit (inflammation). Exogenous asthma should be found and treated. Asthma mostly occurs in the middle of the night. When there is no weather with difficulty breathing, you should seek medical advice. Asthma especially wants clean living conditions. In addition, it is also important to wipe your body with a dry cloth or hold swimming to strengthen your physical strength. Children with pneumonia have no symptoms such as loss of appetite, high fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting and colic. This kind of weather will definitely be diagnosed by the doctor. In addition to connecting with the peace outside the home, we should also grab some indigestible food and replenish water to our feet. In addition, we also hope that the mouth and body are clean so that children and women can excrete phlegm. Children with tuberculosis usually have no symptoms at an early stage. If the tuberculin test is positive, they should be treated immediately. If the treatment is too slow, there will never be complications of miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous osteomyelitis, so it is better to look forward to it. If there is no tuberculosis outside the home, the baby should take over the tuberculin anti-tuberculosis examination within 2 ~ 3 months after birth. whooping cough

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